Okay? We have phrasal verbs with the verb: "turn". Again, remember: just like vocabulary,

remember them, practice them, use them over and over again, you will remember them very

well. And again, remember: phrasal verbs: usually or almost always more than one meaning.

Okay? So keep that in mind. Let's start with: "turn on". So, of course,

all of you have some sort of electronic equipment at home; you have appliances, you have stereos,

you have lights. You want to "turn on" lights and then you want to "turn off", dark. Okay?

So that's the easy one. "Turn on": put power to, as it were. Slang: to "turn on" means

to get someone excited. Okay? Or to create an interest in. So, if a woman is wearing

like a nice summer dress with like really thin straps, and like very loose, it's a turn-on

for a lot of guys. Here, I'm using it as a noun, a "turn-on". That woman knows how to

turn on men. Men can turn on women in other ways, hopefully not with a summer dress at

the same time. Okay? It's slang. Be careful with it. Something turns you on, it gets you

excited. But you can also turn on... a teacher, hopefully, will turn his students on to the

subject that he's teaching or she's teaching. If you want your student to study history,

you have to turn them on to it; make them interested, make them excited about it.

"Turn off", again, the opposite. "Turnoff", notice here: hyphen, here: no hyphen for the

nouns. But to "turn off" means to make someone lose interest or to disgust someone, to make

someone go: "Ulgh, no I don't want any of that." Lose all interest, lose all excitement,

not be able to do anything. It's a turnoff, so something turns you off, like a bad smell

will turn you off in pretty much any situation. Okay, "turn up". Now, if you have a stereo,

you want to "turn up" the volume, make it louder. Okay? The opposite will be "turn down".

I didn't write it here, but "turn down": lower, "turn up": raise the volume. But "turn up"

can also mean to discover. Okay? So, I was reading through the book, I was doing some

research and an interesting piece of information turned up, something I wasn't expecting. Okay?

But "turn up" also means to appear. I invited a lot of people to my party, but twice as

many turned up, means appeared, they came. Interesting.

"Turn over": again the physical, you turn something over like if you're cooking a steak;

cook it on one side for two minutes, turn it over, cook the other side for a couple

of minutes, so flip. But "turnover" in terms of like business, if you have a restaurant,

you want to turn over your tables as many times as you can, means you want to rotate

their use. So somebody comes in, they eat, you clean... They leave, you clean up, you

get the next person. So this table has a good turnover. Okay? You can use it more than one

time; it's like rotating the cycle of its use. Then we talk about "turnover". A good

restaurant must have a high "turnover". If it doesn't, then it must have very expensive

menu prices or menu items or it will go out of business. McDonald's, for example, has

huge turnover. That's why they make so much money; always busy.

"Turn around": sorry to show my back to you, but I turned around and now I turned around

again to face you. Okay? So that's again, the physical, so the physical turn around.

But "turn around" can also just mean change. So last week, my boss agreed to give me a

raise, but this week he turned around and decided not to; he changed his mind. Okay.

"Turn in": so when your teacher gives you a test, you write the test, at the end of

the class you have to turn it in; submit. Sometimes we say "hand in", it's the same

thing. You can also "turn in" a criminal to the police. So you know that this person did

something bad, you call the police, say: "Yeah, he did it." So you turn him or her in to the

police. Now, also used in slang - and don't ask me why because I don't know -, "turn in"

also means go to sleep. Okay? "Oh, I'm tired. I think I'll turn in. Goodnight." Go to sleep,

turn in. "Turn to": when you're having a hard time

and you're not sure... You need to speak to somebody, you need to have someone to help

you, you can always "turn to" your friends or your family. Okay? Means approach them,

go to them, tell them your problems. It's very important to have people to turn to at

hard... in hard times. Okay. "Turn out". "Turn out" as a verb, now it could

mean to push outside, like at nighttime, you... like Fred Flintstone, ever watch those cartoons?

He turns out the cat. Not as common. But "turn out" can also mean to result. Okay? So, again,

I did some research and it turns out that my thesis was completely wrong. I have to

start all over again. Okay, not a good idea, but it happens. So "turn out", result, usually

accidental result. Now, "turnout", completely different from "turn out". "Turnout" is attendance.

Okay? So I invited many people to my party and the turnout was great -- means many people

came. Okay? Now, I did forget to put "turn down". I apologize

for that. I will put it right now. So "turn down" means to reject. So I asked this girl

out for a date and she turned me down. Okay? She wasn't interested, maybe I turned her

off somehow. Who knows? But she turned me down. And I don't have a date, too bad for

me. Anyway, if you want to practice these some

more, go to www.engvid.com. You'll find a quiz there that you can practice these. And,

of course, check out my YouTube channel and subscribe if you like. And I'll see you again

real soon. Bye.