Anthroposophy by Rudolf Steiner.

1919年, 史坦那在德國斯圖加特這個城市創立了第一所學校

Steiner founded the first school in 1919 Stuttgart Germany

用以教育來自這所Waldorf 華德福香菸工廠的員工子弟們

to educate the children of the factory workers

華德福教育也由此得名

from the Waldorf Astoria Zigaretten Fabrik

不論社會地位或是天分才華的差異, 所有的孩子都接受平等的教育,

- hence the name.

這促成了這所學校成為教育裡的社會正義先鋒

All kids, independent of social status or talent

華德福教育的目標, 在於培養出一位自由發展, 但同時為自己的道德負責任的個體

received the same instruction,

養成高度的社交能力, 創造力, 與知識力

which made the school a pioneer of social justice in education.

家庭作業與測驗成績並不會是重點

The goal of a Waldorf education is to develop free,

講故事的能力與實驗的精神, 才是教育裡的主要方法

but morally responsible individuals

經過12年的課程

equipped with a high degree of social competence

學生將學會數學, 文學, 歷史, 與科學

and creative capabilities.

同時也有各式各樣廣泛的藝術與手工藝

Factual knowledge,

小學學生畫圖, 針織, 織布, 還有使用蠟來做雕刻

homework and tests scores receive less attention.

大一點的孩子則設計圖案,

Storytelling and experimentation

書本, 陶器, 並以石頭來進行雕刻

are the main method of instruction,

每個人都學習演奏音樂

Over the twelve-year curriculum,

首先大家都會學習吹笛子

students learn math,

接下來有些人學習弦樂器

literature,

有些人則加入合唱團

history and science

學生們玩非競爭性的遊戲

as well as a wide variety of arts and hands-on skills.

並學會韻律舞蹈

Elementary students paint,

他們從事有機耕種

knit,

並學習兩種外國語言

weave and sculpt with wax.

第一年是透過唱歌, 講故事, 還有對話來學習

Older ones make patterns,

在8跟12年級時, 整個班級則會發展出一齣經典的戲劇

books,

並在家長與朋友面前演出

pottery and sculpt in stone.

華德福教育將所有主要的學術學科,

Everybody learns to do music.

都使用獨特的專案方式來處理

First all play the flute,

屏除反覆式的課程方式

then some play string instruments

一個特定的學科

and others join the choir.

例如歷史, 數學, 科學, 或甚至是園藝

Students play non-competitive games

主導了每天早晨的前兩個小時

and learn to dance eurhythmy.

為期四到六周

They do organic farming

之後, 再轉換焦點至另一個新學科

and learn two foreign languages,

史坦那也發明了一種對於科學的體驗方式

which in the first years are taught through songs,

藉此, 學生觀察

storytelling and conversations.

接著, 再以他們的話或是圖來描述科學概念

In grade 8 and 12

而不是先透過教科書來學習

the entire class develops a classical drama

因此, 華德福學校認為,

which they perform in front of their parents and friends.

電腦最能發揮功效的時期會是在孩子青少年階段

Waldorf uses a unique

在此之前, 孩子需先熟稔,

project based approach to almost

探索訊息與學習的根本基礎方式

all main academic subjects.

在個人發展與同理心方面

Instead of repetitive schedules,

競爭與成績是盡量避免的

a specific subject,

取而代之的, 老師們評估學生的個人特質發展

such as history,

測試評估與成績，只在大一點的學生，

math,

當他們準備大學入學考試時慢慢被帶入

science or even gardening

今天，在６０個國家

dominates the first two hours in the morning

有超過一千多個華德福學校

for a period of 4-6 weeks.

使它成為最大的獨立學校運動之一

After that, a new subject gets the main focus.

華德福已經成為了一個被歐洲所認可的教育理論

Steiner also invented an experiential approach to science

它的學校也接受政府的資金

whereby students observe

知名的華德福家長，包括克林·伊斯威特 (Clint Eastwood 演員, 導演...)

and later describe scientific concepts

藍尼·克羅維茲 (Lenny Kravitz 音樂人)

in their own words and drawings

富比世家族 (Forbes Family)

rather than learning about them in a textbook first.

還有很多家長, 來自於矽谷科技公司

Waldorf schools therefore consider computers

儘管, 史坦那對於科技與大眾媒體是抱以批判式的觀點

useful to children only in their teens,

賈伯斯曾經告訴一個科技記者

after they have mastered fundamental,

那位記者問到, 他的孩子喜不喜歡新的iPad

time-honored ways of discovering

他說, 他的孩子還沒用過

information and learning.

我們在家裡限制孩子, 避免過度使用科技產品

In the spirit of personal development and empathy,

著名的心理學家威廉·格拉瑟(William Glasser )曾說過

competition and grades are being avoided.

我們從閱讀學到10%

Teachers instead assess the student's individual

從所聽的學到20%

growth of character.

從所看的學到30%

Tests scores and grades are only slowly introduced to

但是, 從所經歷的學到80%

older students as they prepare for college

人們可以爭辯說，儘管他們的技術含量不高

and entrance exams.

華德福教育所提倡的經驗學習法

Today there are over

是非常前衛的

a thousand Waldorf schools in 60 countries,

你覺得呢?

making it one of the largest independent

請在下面的意見欄裡, 分享你的看法

school movements.

Waldorf has become a recognized

educational theory in Europe

and its schools have received state funding.

Famous Waldorf parents include Clint Eastwood,

Lenny Kravitz,

the Forbes family

and many parents from Silicon Valley's tech sector

despite Steiner's critical view of technology

and mass media.

Steve Jobs once told a tech journalist

who asked whether his children like the new iPad

that they haven't used it and continued:

“We limit how much technology our kids use at home.”

Acclaimed psychiatrist William Glasser famously said

that we learn 10% of what we read,

20% of what we hear,

30% of what we see,

but 80% of what we experience.

one could argue that despite their low-tech approach,

the experimental learning method of

Waldorf education is exceptionally contemporary.

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