In the periodic table of chemical elements, xenon is located in the last group

在化學元素週期表中，氙位於最後一組

almost at the bottom.

幾乎在底部。

Like its buddy Neon, the heavier Xenon is also part of the noble gas branch.

與其好友霓虹燈一樣，較重的氙氣也是惰性氣體分支的一部分。

The chemical activity of which is very low, due to the lack of free electrons in the outer electron layer.

由於外電子層中缺少自由電子，其化學活性非常低。

To provide a simpler example, as a noble gas can be compared the lazy well-fed cat,

提供一個更簡單的例子，作為一種惰性氣體可以比較懶惰的餵養良好的貓，

who doesn't want to take anything, but also has nothing to give.

誰不想拿任何東西，也沒什麼可給的。

Nevertheless, externally Xenon looks like colourless, odorless gas.

儘管如此，外部氙氣 看起來像無色無味的氣體。

To demonstrate the properties of which, i bought a vial of xenon

為了證明其中的屬性，我買了一小瓶氙氣

wherein the gas is stored at reduced pressure, so that it is easier to conduct demonstrations with it.

其中氣體在減壓下儲存，因此更容易用它進行演示。

Like the other noble gases, while passing a high voltage through xenon,

像其他惰性氣體一樣，在通過氙氣的高壓時，

it glows with a beautiful blue color.

它發出美麗的藍色。

For the glow, you need to create low pressure in the ampule

對於發光，您需要在安瓿中產生低壓

that is approximately 100 times less than atmospheric and also to pass through the vial

這比大氣壓低約100倍，也可以通過小瓶

at high frequency voltage of about 3000V.

在約3000V的高頻電壓下。

This high voltage can be given by the generator of a plasma lamp,

這種高電壓可以由等離子燈的發生器給出，

from the effect of which a glow discharge occurs in xenon.

從氙氣中發生輝光放電的效果來看。

In other words, the gas starts to glow beautifully.

換句話說，氣體開始發光。

The current here is insignificant. So my hand can easily play the role of a conductor here

目前的情況微不足道。所以我的手很容易在這裡扮演指揮者的角色

due to the human body having capacity like in an electrical capacitor.

由於人體具有像電容器那樣的容量。

If the vial of xenon is put in liquid nitrogen,

如果將氙瓶放入液氮中，

The gas inside will freeze,

裡面的氣體會凍結，

because the melting point of xenon is about -111

因為氙的熔點約為-111

degrees celsius. When you get the vial out of liquid

攝氏度。當你從液體中取出小瓶時

nitrogen, you can then observe the solid

氮氣，然後你可以觀察固體

xenon, which quickly melts and immediately

氙氣，立即迅速融化

evaporates, due to the very small difference

由於差異很小，因此會蒸發

between the boiling and melting points of this gas.

在這種氣體的沸點和熔點之間。

[music]

[音樂]

When chilled with the liquid nitrogen,

當用液氮冷卻時，

The vial of xenon lights differently, than when it's at

氙氣燈的點亮時間不同於它的時間

room temperature. It's clearly seen

室內溫度。它清楚地看到了

that the gas is ignited already even at the

即使在氣體處，氣體也已被點燃

small distance from the wire

距離電線很小

as the first illumination is close in colour to yellow.

因為第一個照明顏色接近黃色。

After the gradual warm up of the vial,

小瓶逐漸熱身後，

and increase of the pressure, the colour of the plasma

並增加壓力，等離子體的顏色

becomes more blueish. However

變得更藍。然而

this is just us fooling around. In real

這只是我們鬼混。現實

life, xenon is used in much brighter lamps at which the gas is pressured at about 30 atmospheres.

壽命，氙氣用於更亮的燈具，在這些燈具中，氣體在約30個大氣壓下受壓。

These lamps are just incredibly bright

這些燈只是非常明亮

and are mostly used in cinema projectors. In recent times,

並且主要用於電影放映機。近來，

these lamps are frequently replaced with LEDs,

這些燈經常被LED取代，

due to the low efficency and complexity of maintenance, besides the first heats up very strongly.

由於低效率和維護的複雜性，除了第一次加熱非常強烈。

Also, in recent years, xenon lamps were put into automobiles increasingly more often,

此外，近年來，氙氣燈越來越頻繁地投入汽車，

though internally they are made a little bit differently.

雖然在內部他們有點不同。

Xenon here is used only in order to ignite the arc plasma,

這裡的氙氣僅用於點燃電弧等離子體，

after which the lamp heats up and inside of it

之後燈會加熱並在燈內部加熱

sodium and scandium salts evaporate,

鈉和鈧鹽蒸發，

those salts is what supports the further glow in this case.

在這種情況下，那些鹽是支持進一步發光的東西。

Xenon bulbs are much brighter than incandescent bulbs,

氙氣燈泡比白熾燈泡亮得多，

which often causes frustration for motorists due to it blinding them at night,

由於晚上使它們眩目，這通常會讓駕駛者感到沮喪，

being too bright.

太亮了。

Additionally, all the digital cameras now use a xenon flash,

此外，所有數碼相機現在都使用氙氣閃光燈，

because of the extremely bright glow of this gas at a high voltage discharge.

因為這種氣體在高壓放電時發出極其明亮的光。

Unfortunately, xenon does not like to engage in chemical reactions,

不幸的是，氙氣不喜歡從事化學反應，

so I can't show you experiments with it.

所以我無法向你展示實驗。

I can say though that this gas reacts with fluorine

我可以說這種氣體與氟反應

and later on from the fluorides of xenon you can obtain its oxide and other compounds.

然後從氙的氟化物中獲得其氧化物和其他化合物。

However, of all the noble gases, xenon is the most reactive due to the large atomic radius.

然而，在所有惰性氣體中，由於原子半徑大，氙是最具反應性的。

Forgot to mention that the abundance of xenon in the earth's atmosphere is about 87 parts per billion,

忘了提到地球大氣層中氙的含量大約是十億分之87，

the theory says that this small amount is due to the fact that part of the xenon is stored in quartz rocks coupled with oxygen.

該理論認為，這一小部分是由於氙的一部分存儲在與氧氣結合的石英岩中。

Though on Jupiter there's a lot more xenon than here.

雖然在木星上有比這裡更多的氙氣。

Being on xenon bulbs, this element is now used for general anesthesia

在氙氣燈泡上，這個元素是 現在用於全身麻醉

as it blocks the NMDA receptor, responsible for the regulation of synopses

因為它阻斷NMDA受體，負責調節大綱

that is the transmission of nerve impulses from the brain cell to another.

這是神經衝動從腦細胞傳遞到另一個細胞。

Also, the inhalation of this gas during exercise

此外，在運動期間吸入這種氣體

promotes better muscle grow and more effective training.

促進更好的肌肉生長和更有效的訓練。

From that, xenon has been added to the least of doping substances.

從那以後，氙氣被添加到最少的興奮劑中。

Another interesting application of xenon is in the space ion engines

氙的另一個有趣的應用是在空間離子發動機中

along with cesium because of the large atomic radius.

由於原子半徑大，所以還有銫。

Xenon can be ionised easily and quickly evaporated,

氙氣可以很容易地電離并快速蒸發，

thus maintaining stable operation of the ion engine.

從而保持離子發動機的穩定運行。

Such engines were placed on the space craft ''Deep Space''

這種發動機被放置在航天器“深空”上

that was launched to conduct asteroid research,

那是為了進行小行星研究而發起的，

as well as the ''Smart 1'' satellite.

以及“智能1”衛星。

In the end, we can say that xenon is fairly rare, but also a very useful gas.

最後，我們可以說氙氣是相當罕見的，但也是一種非常有用的氣體。

Now you have learned a little bit of the other elements.

現在你已經學到了一些其他元素。

If you would like to support the continous production

如果您想支持連續生產

of science videos like this one, please support the channel on Patreon

像這樣的科學視頻，請支持Patreon的頻道

Link in the video description.

鏈接視頻說明。

Please like and subscribe to my channel to see many more of new and interesting.

請喜歡和訂閱我的頻道，看看更多新的和有趣的。