place since the beginning of oil.

And while that is an effective way to move thousands of gallons of petroleum around the

world.

There is of course the risk of oil spills.

Those unfortunate events have wreaked havoc

on marine ecosystems, bringing to mind images of sinking ships, black beaches, and oil-soaked wildlife.

International Bird Rescue was founded in 1971, in response to a major oil spill outside of

the Golden Gate Bridge - about 800,000 gallons of crude oil spilled.

And at the time, there was absolutely no recognized practice of what to do with oiled wildlife

and especially oil birds.

International Bird Rescue's mission is to inspire people to take

action on behalf of the natural world.

We do it by rescuing water birds in crisis but we hope that people choose to do it in

their every day.

We've all seen images of birds affected by spills, the kind of birds the International

Bird Rescue aspires to rescue and rehabilitate.

But to really understand why oil is so damaging to seabirds and the urgency in which the International

Bird Rescue does their job.

We have to understand the unique physiology of seabirds at the microscopic level.

This is an extreme close up of a bird feather.

And these are the barbs and barbules that when lined up, make these marine animals both

waterproof and buoyant.

Obviously important traits for birds that spend their days on

the water.

When they have lined up just right, almost like Velcro.

That will become an impenetrable surface, and that will keep the heat in the water out.

And it's the work done with their beak in preening that realigns the little barbs and

barbules in the feathers and it is a physical structure of those feathers that makes them

waterproof and that's the really the amazing part of it.

But it really is more than just waterproofing.

It's about being able to thermoregulate in cold water environments.

When birds encounter this soil, it affects their feathers ability to line up those bards and barbules.

Oil clumps.

You can see that when you pour oil on water or even when you make salad.

On feathers, it creates a clumping as well where those structures

are not, they're wet, they're they're actually

stuck almost gummed together.

The gumming will ultimately prevent the birds from creating their Velcro-like seal.

And it really can be the smallest little spot of contamination can be the end of a bird.

Because waterproofing is so critical to their survival birds will unsuccessfully tried to

preen in order to realign their feathers, but that preening can lead to the bird ingesting

some of the oil, which can also be fatal.

And in fact, one of the things most people don't know is that the birds more covered

in oil are more likely to have a positive outcome, because it's obvious they need help

birds that are only oiled in a small patch that's maybe not visible in their feather

colors will be out longer, it'll be sometimes too late by the time they're they're brought

into care.

The International Bird Rescue has responded to numerous oil spills worldwide.

After an oil spill occurs, they'll take action to pull the affected animals from the contaminated

area and start the cleaning process.

This not only helps save the animal, but it's also important for the bigger environmental

picture.

Oil is a chemical, it does cause burns, so it would be a suffering death.

And then that wouldn't be the end of it, you have scavengers you have gulls, foxes other

kinds of animals that would be very happy for a free meal and not be very discerning

about taking in the additional chemicals themselves.

This is called secondary oiling, it could have extremely dire consequences to both ecosystems

and food chains.

So how do you effectively remove oil from a bird.

Unfortunately, the only thing that removes oil is other kinds of oil.

So you find safer versions of that which we do use, and the soap is what removes it ultimately

in the long run, a thorough rinse is necessary after that making sure that all the soap is

gone.

Then we dry the bird and go through a process of bringing it out into warm water and testing

whether the cleaning has been successful and that they are now waterproof.

In order to study how the birds fare after their release, International Bird Rescue has

been banding their patients and so other researchers and citizen scientists can track their migration.

Probably 99% of all the birds that leave our centers have what is called a federal ID band.

There's a part of US Geological Society that called the Bird Banding Lab that for nearly

100 years has been tracking individual birds.

And the banding has helped the International

Bird Rescue prove that their rehabilitation efforts work with some banded birds being

spotted over 15 years later in the wild.

There is now a global network, a small network of folks who specialize in oiled wildlife care.

There are lots of places in the world that do not have such specialty.

But that oil is moving quite frequently.

Countries increasing their oil production could benefit from knowing how to treat wildlife

in the event of a spill.

Places like Nigeria and Scandinavia.

What is going to be necessary to train those local communities, local rehabilitation to

find the right resources and funding to be able to respond to the next big challenge.

We try to share that stuff broadly, the good news, at least in the United States, is that

regulations and cargo ships etc. are having positive impacts.

The number of

oil spills and especially large oil spills is going down drastically.

But that doesn't mean we're in the clear.

Oil is still a problem and new threats are presenting

themselves, every day.

The questions are bigger than the answers but the challenges to me seem pretty evident

changes to the food source and the temperature of the water especially along the coast seem

to be creating big challenges.

And time is only going to tell what what new things are rising.

Whatever the cause,

organizations like the International Bird Rescue are committed to finding solutions,

because those solutions won't just help save seabirds,

it can also help our species as well.

You do not have to be a bird lover to know that paying attention to animals is a key part of our

own survival.

Birds are a couple steps up the food chain but have really critical roles.

If animals have departed from an environment I think there is a very strong reason for

humans to be nervous as well.

Wild animals are wild animals and our goal is to release them as cautious and tense around

human beings as when they arrive.

It's a hard one to swallow because inevitably people are like, Oh, it's the cutest pelican ever.

Don't hug that pelican.