attempted over 17,000 passes.

嘗試了超過17000次傳球。

Of those, 64.9% were completed.

其中，完成64.9%。

That's the highest completion percentage in league history.

這是聯盟歷史上最高的完成率。

And if you look closely,

而如果你仔細觀察。

all of those successfully completed passes

滿堂紅

had one thing in common:

有一個共同點。

They were thrown with a nice, tight spiral.

他們被扔得很好，緊緊地旋轉著。

But throwing a perfect spiral isn't as easy as it looks.

但拋出一個完美的螺旋並不像看起來那麼容易。

Here's what it takes.

這就是需要的。

First, we have to answer one basic question:

首先，我們要回答一個基本問題。

How exactly do you throw a spiral?

到底怎麼扔螺旋？

To answer that, we went to an expert.

為了回答這個問題，我們找了一位專家。

My name's Ryan Larsen, and I'm

我叫瑞安-拉森，我是... ...

the quarterbacks coach here for Columbia University.

哥倫比亞大學的四分衛教練。

Narrator: Larsen says that the first key

旁白：拉森說，第一個關鍵是

to throwing a spiral is the grip.

到投擲螺旋是握。

No matter a quarterback's hand size,

不管四分衛的手掌大小。

there are really only two fingers

屈指可數

that are crucial to how they hold the ball.

這對他們如何持球至關重要。

Larsen: We're gonna orient the best we can

我們會盡最大的努力去定位

our middle finger and our thumb

拇指頭

in a straight line on the ball,

在球的直線上。

and then we're just gonna wrap our fingers down

然後，我們只是要去 纏我們的手指下來，

and let them rest in control.

並讓他們在控制中休息。

Narrator: After that, the quarterback's goal

旁白：之後，四分衛的目標是

is to build up force behind the ball.

是為了在球后蓄力。

So, first, they'll load the ball back,

所以，首先，他們會把球裝回去。

with their elbow above their armpit.

肘部高於腋下。

This helps to ensure that the quarterback is

這有助於確保四分衛是

what's called being "on top of the ball."

所謂的 "頂天立地"。

That's important because, otherwise,

這一點很重要，因為，否則。

the quarterback won't be able to throw as far.

四分衛就不能投得那麼遠。

Larsen: The second you're low,

拉森：你一低。

now you're, yet again, you're pushing the ball.

現在你，又一次， 你推球。

So when you try to drive that ball deep down the field,

所以當你想把球打到場外深處時，

you're underneath it, and you're lacking arm strength.

你在它的下面，你缺乏臂力。

Narrator: After that, the quarterback

旁白：之後，四分衛

uses their other arm to twist their upper body

用另一隻手扭動上半身

while stepping forward into the throw

一邊往前走一邊扔

as they prepare to release the ball.

當他們準備放球時。

But a quarterback could complete all of these steps

但一個四分衛可以完成所有這些步驟。

and never end up with a spiraling football.

而絕不會以螺旋式足球結束。

Getting that spiral comes down to the very last thing

得到螺旋式上升的結果是最後一件事。

the quarterback does in the split second

四分衛在一瞬間

before they release the ball, and it comes back to the grip.

在他們釋放球之前，它又回到了握柄。

Because, in order to generate a good spiral,

因為，為了產生良好的螺旋。

the last finger that should touch the ball

末指

as the hand releases it

隨手

is the quarterback's index finger.

是四分衛的食指。

Larsen: The spiral's created by that final flick,

最後的一剎那，螺旋式上升。

that last finger.

那最後一根手指。

You really want that last finger to come off of it

你真的想把最後一根手指頭拔掉嗎？

and then finish down, and that's that spin

然後結束下來，這就是那個旋子。

that you're trying to get to create the spiral.

你想得到的，以創建螺旋。

Narrator: But here's the problem.

旁白：但問題是

Even the slightest of errors in how the quarterback

哪怕是四分衛的一點失誤

lets go of the ball can affect the throw.

讓去的球可以影響投。

Larsen: If you're finishing with the ball on your wrist,

拉森：如果你是用手腕上的球來完成。

you're finishing like that,

你是這樣完成的。

now your index finger's not the last finger.

現在你的食指不是最後一根手指。

Now you've got multiple ones,

現在你已經有了多個。

and that's when you start to get balls that get wobbly.

而這時你開始得到的球，得到搖擺不定。

Narrator: And wobbly footballs

旁白：還有搖搖晃晃的腳球

are a quarterback's worst nightmare.

是一個四分衛的噩夢。

Chad Orzel: Really, precision in the release

Chad Orzel:真的，精確的釋放

and in the flight of the ball is absolutely critical

而在球的飛行中是絕對關鍵的。

to success if you're gonna be a passing quarterback.

如果你想成為一個傳球四分衛的話，你的成功。

My name is Chad Orzel, and I am a professor

我的名字叫Chad Orzel，我是一名教授。

at Union College in the department of physics and astronomy.

在聯合學院物理學和天文學系。

Narrator: When it comes to how well a football

旁白：當談到一個足球的好壞

flies through the air, there are two key elements:

在空中飛行，有兩個關鍵因素。

spin rate and velocity.

自旋率和速度。

Let's start with spin.

先說說旋轉吧。

On average, a good spiral has a spin rate

平均來說，一個好的螺旋的旋轉速率為

of roughly 600 rotations per minute.

大約每分鐘600轉。

That's as fast as an electric screwdriver.

這和電動螺絲刀一樣快。

Orzel: If you get the ball spinning rapidly,

Orzel：如果你讓球快速旋轉。

the ball will tend to stay with its axis of spin,

球將傾向於保持其自旋軸。

pointing in the same direction all the time.

一直指向同一個方向。

So if it's spinning fast and moving nose-on through the air,

所以，如果它在空中快速旋轉，並且鼻翼移動。

it's going to feel a smaller air-resistance force,

就會感覺到較小的空氣阻力力。

and that means it'll go a little bit farther

這意味著它會走得更遠一些

because of that.

因為這個。

Narrator: The reason a rapidly spinning football

旁白：一個快速旋轉的足球的原因

stays on course better than a slower-spinning ball

比慢速旋轉的球更能保持航向。

is due to its angular momentum.

是由於其角動量。

Angular momentum measures

角動量測量

how likely a ball is

球率

to wobble through the air or not.

要在空中晃動，還是不。

Orzel: The more angular

Orzel：角度越大

momentum something has,

勢頭的東西。

the harder it is to change the

越難改變

orientation of that object.

該對象的方向。

Something with a lot of

有很多的東西

angular momentum wants to keep

角動量要保持

its spin axis always pointing

其自旋軸始終指向

in exactly the same direction.

在完全相同的方向。

The faster you make the ball spin,

你讓球轉得越快。

the better it will hold its orientation,

越能保持其方向。

the more angular momentum it'll have.

它的角動量就越大。

Narrator: So a rapidly spinning football

旁白：所以一個快速旋轉的足球

will fly straighter than one that isn't spinning as quickly,

會比不轉得快的飛得更直。

and it will even help it fly a little farther.

甚至可以幫助它飛得更遠一些。

How far, however, mostly depends on the velocity

然而，有多遠，主要取決於速度。

of the ball flying through the air.

的球在空中飛翔。

Orzel: The initial velocity that the ball's given

球的初始速度是指球的速度

pretty much determines everything about the flight.

幾乎決定了飛行的一切。

It determines, all right,

它決定了，所有的權利。

how high is the pass going to go in the air,

多高的傳球要去的空氣。

the arc that it's gonna follow,

弧線，它的會跟隨。

it determines how far it's going to go.

它決定了它要走多遠。

Narrator: And building that velocity behind the ball

旁白：並在球后建立速度

is pretty straightforward.

是很直接的。

It's all about muscle strength.

這就是肌肉的力量。

Larsen: The most important thing in generating velocity,

拉森：最重要的是產生速度。

and therefore what you would call a great spiral, right,

是以你會稱之為大螺旋，對吧。

is using your strongest muscles in your body.

是用你身體最強壯的肌肉。

Your strongest muscles in your body are gonna be

你身體裡最強壯的肌肉會是

in your quads, your hamstrings,

在你的四頭肌，你的腿筋。

your glutes, and then your core.

你的臀部，然後你的核心。

Narrator: However, velocity can be a double-edged sword.

旁白：然而，速度可能是一把雙刃劍。

Because trying to increase the velocity behind a throw

因為想要提高投擲後的速度。

can sometimes compromise the integrity of the ball's spiral.

有時會影響球的螺旋的完整性。

Orzel: If you're trying to throw the ball

如果你想把球扔出去的話

really, really hard, sometimes that means

真的，真的很難，有時這意味著

you can't get as much spin on it as you would like,

你不能得到儘可能多的旋轉，因為你想。

and then the ball ends up not going as far as it could,

然後球最終沒有走多遠，因為它可以。

just because it doesn't hold its orientation,

只因為它不守住自己的方位。

and it tumbles in the air, and it's not as accurate.

而且它在空氣中翻滾，它不那麼準確。

Larsen: The lower body is what creates everything

拉森：下半身是創造一切的東西

in terms of that velocity,

在該速度方面。

but if you have bad mechanics in your upper body,

但如果你上半身的機械結構不好。

you're not gonna be able to have a spiral

你不可能有一個螺旋式增長

to get the ball downfield.

來讓球下場。

Narrator: So, ultimately, the best throws come down to:

旁白：所以，最終，最好的投擲方式是：

Larsen: Having a tighter spiral,

拉森：有一個更緊密的螺旋。

and more velocity behind that spiral

和更多的速度背後的螺旋

is gonna give you the ability

是要給你的能力

to make throws on the field to be successful.

在場上進行投擲才能成功。

Narrator: So, if throwing the perfect spiral

旁白：所以，如果扔出完美的螺旋

is just a matter of the right grip and sufficient strength,

是隻需要正確的握法和足夠的力量。

what distinguishes the mediocre quarterbacks

平庸的四分衛有什麼區別

from the greats?

從偉大的人？

Orzel: The key is getting just the right balance

Orzel：關鍵是要取得恰到好處的平衡。

of precisely controlled velocity

精確控制的速度

and a good spin rate on the ball.

以及良好的球的旋轉率。

Narrator: And, as the saying goes,

旁白：俗話說,

practice makes perfect.

熟能生巧

Larsen: Anytime you're doing things repetitively,

拉森任何時候你都在重複地做事情。

over and over and over, and creating that consistency,

一遍又一遍，並創造這種一致性。

that's gonna now give you accuracy.

這是要去現在給你的準確性。

The second that your mechanics go out the door,

你的技工一出門就會被人發現。

your accuracy goes out the door,

你的準確性就會被淘汰。

because now every throw is different.

因為現在每一次的投擲都是不同的。

Narrator: Of course, repeating those exact mechanics

旁白：當然，重複那些精確的機械原理

perfectly every time is easier said than done.

每一次都是完美的，但說起來容易做起來難。

Especially when your target is moving at 20 miles an hour

特別是當你的目標以每小時20英里的速度移動時。

and 300-pound defensive tackles are barreling toward you.

和300磅重的防守隊員正向你猛衝過來。

But for the all-time greats,

但對於歷代偉人來說。

that skill is what makes them so special.

這技能是什麼 使他們如此特殊。

Larsen: You think about some of the most

拉森：你想想一些最。

accurate quarterbacks of all-time,

準確的四分衛的所有歷史。

you think about Dan Marino.

你覺得丹-馬裡諾。

Unbelievable arm talent, unbelievably strong,

不可思議的臂力天賦，不可思議的強大。

could make every throw, his mechanics are perfect.

可以讓每一個投擲，他的技術是完美的。

People talk about Dan Marino having

人們談論丹-馬裡諾有

the quickest release they've ever seen,

他們見過的最快的釋放。

well, he has a quick release because

好吧，他有一個快速釋放，因為

there's no inefficiencies in his throwing motion.

他的投籃動作沒有效率低下。

Tom Brady is unbelievably meticulous with his mechanics,

湯姆-布雷迪對自己的技法無比的細緻。

whether it's footwork or how he's throwing,

不管是腳步還是他的投球方式。

yet again, it's the consistency in your mechanics

再一次，它是在你的機械的一致性。

that's gonna create accuracy.

這是要去創造準確性。