always harder, seldom kind.

生活總是更加艱難，而不輕鬆

Then we feel what might be missed

這時候我想到我們可能會忽略的

is the power of an optimist.

就是正面積極的力量

The question we always ask, worldwide,

有個全世界的人總是在問的問題

when we are talking about happiness,

當我們談到快樂這件事時，總會問:

is whether the glass is half full or half empty.

你覺得這杯水是半滿還是半空的?

Well, I promise you

我保證

that we'll give the answer to that question today.

今天我們就會給你們這個問題的答案

But then we have to go back

但我們要先回憶一下

to our personal youth

我們年少的時代

You have become an ambassador of creativity,

你已經成為了創造力的大使

you are an ambassador of courage, of innovation, of organisation.

而你是勇氣的大使， 或是創新或是組織的大使

We all are ambassadors of some strength.

我們都是某些力量的大使

Where did we learn that?

但我們是從哪裡學得這些事情的?

When I was a kid of 4-5 years old,

當我還是個小孩，大約四五歲的時候

my father was a salesman. He took me to small grocery shops

我爸是個推銷員，他會帶我到那些小型的雜貨店

in Limburg, a small province in Belgium.

那是在林堡，在比利時的一個省份

They turned upside down an old vegetable box.

他們把原本拿來裝蔬菜的盒子倒著放在地上

I would be standing on it and recite poems.

而我就會站在盒子上，朗誦詩詞

And then I got an ice cream.

這樣子我就可以獲得冰淇淋當作獎賞

I got lots of ice cream in my youth.

在我小時候可是吃了不少的冰淇淋

In fact, when I'm talking today, on this thing, what did they do?

其實，我今天藉此要講的是，他們是怎麼做的?

They turned an old vegetable box upside down,

他們把蔬菜盒反著放，

I'm standing on it, reciting a poem,

而我站在上面，念詩詞

and I hopefully get an ice cream afterwards.

於是我就可以指望事後能夠得到冰淇淋

That's the way it works.

這就是它的原理

We all became the people we are

我們之所以能成為現在的樣子

thanks to positive strength,

都要感謝正面積極的力量

thanks to someone who told you

都要感謝有個人對你說了

you are good at something.

你很擅長某件事

We learn to support through positive engagement,

我們透過這個正向的機制

through encouraging each other.

透過鼓勵對方，而學會支持自己

We don't learn anything through cynicism

我們不會從他人的譏笑或是漠不關心

or through indifference.

而學會任何事情

When I was travelling the world,

當我在世界各地旅遊時

in Nepal and in India I met the word 'namaste'.

在尼泊爾和印度，我聽到了這個詞: namaste

'Namaste' means 'hello'.

Namaste的意思就是英文的你好

But when an American says 'hello', it doesn't mean anything.

但是當美國人說hello的時候，這個字其實沒有太深的涵意

Namaste means three things:

而namaste則還有三個涵義:

I bow for the god in you.

我向你心中的神明鞠躬

I've seen you.

我看到了你

There is something positive in you and I bow for that, deeply.

在你心中有著某樣正向的存在，而我對此深深的地鞠躬

Teachers tell this to students.

老師們都會向學生說這句話

Students to teachers, all over, everyday, 100 times.

而學生也都會這麼回應，每天總共會說上百次

I've seen you. There is a positive strength in you.

我看到了你，在你心中有種正向的力量

I bow deeply for that.

而我對此深深鞠躬

Wouldn't we live in another world

要是全世界的人都會誠心誠意地對他人說這句話

if people would say that and mean it?

那我們的世界是否會因此全然不同?

Life is not a party.

人生並不是場派對

I'm not driving the country in a car full of balloons.

我也並不是像是開著一輛載滿汽球的車那樣悠閒地帶領這個國家

We are all entitled to sadness.

我們都有悲傷的時候

If I open the door of your heart, there is a lot of sadness

要是我打開你的心門，那我會發現許多的悲傷

and trouble and sorrow in it.

還有煩惱與懊悔

We all have that. It's not about that.

我們都會經歷這些

I hate the song 'Don't worry, be happy'.

我很討厭那首叫做 別擔心，要快樂 的歌

I changed the motto to 'Do worry, be happy'.

我擅自把歌名改成了 要擔心，也要快樂

There is something going wrong in the world,

這世界的確是存在著許多問題

but it doesn't mean we can't be happy.

但那並不代表我們就快樂不起來了

Everyone is looking for happiness, all over,

每個人都不斷地在尋找快樂

it's a universal quest.

這是一個世界一致的目標

I asked 100 professors in 50 countries

我拜託過五十個國家的一百名教授

to summarize in 1000 words what we know about happiness,

要他們列出一千個我們所知與快樂相關的詞

not what we believe, but what we know about happiness.

不是我們認為的，而是我們所知道的與快樂有關的詞

We found that we have been focusing

我們發現我們都

on the wrong things.

搞錯目標了

We have been studying psychology, sociology, economics.

我們研究心理學，社會學以及經濟

That's what's it about: not only philosophy.

這些都與快樂有關，不只是哲學

It's not about sunflowers and balloons, it's about science.

快樂與向日葵以及氣球無關，而是跟科學有關

We have been studying the wrong things.

我們研究的東西，都是錯的

We know quite a lot about schizophrenia, paranoia,

我們是很了解人格分裂，或是偏執

but most of the people are not schizophrenics or paranoiacs.

但是我們大部分的人都不是人格分裂者或是偏執狂

The opposite of bad is 'not bad',

壞的相反是 不壞

but that's not the same as good.

但 不壞 與 好 又是不一樣的意思

The opposite of unhappy is 'not unhappy',

不快樂的相反是 並非不快樂

but that's not the same as happy.

但 並非不快樂 並不等於 快樂

So if we could study what makes people happy

那麼要是我們能夠研究是什麼使得人類快樂

and broaden that knowledge,

並且擴展使人類快樂的方法

we could become happier citizens.

我們就能成為更快樂的公民

We know that the relationship between optimism and happiness

我們都知道正面樂觀與快樂之間的關係

is quite important.

是很重要的

The relationship between smoking and lung cancer

吸菸與肺癌之間的關係

is the same as the relationship between optimism and happiness.

也如同正面樂觀與快樂之間的關係一樣密切

When you smoke, you get lung cancer.

要是你吸菸，就得肺癌

When you are an optimist, you become happy.

要是你是個樂觀的人，就會快樂

And when you're happier, you're healthier

而當你變得快樂，就會更健康

and successful, in sports, in science, in friendship.

就能在運動或科學領域，還有朋友關係上取得成功

Why don't you want to become an optimist?

你怎麼會不想當一個樂觀的人呢?

We know from science that 50 percent of optimism is about genetics.

根據我們所知的科學知識，大約有百分之五十的樂觀是取決於基因

It's about what we got from our parents, our grandparents and so on.

那些是來自於我們的父母，或是祖父母以及祖先

10 percent is due to the circumstances,

另外百分之十是取決於環境

that is the house we have, the job we have.

比方說你的居住環境或是你的工作

40 percent is left for what is between our ears.

剩下的百分之四十，就在我們的雙耳之間

That's the mindset, the way we look at things.

也就是我們的心態，我們看待事物的態度

The 50 percent of genetics, we cannot change.

或許那來自基因的百分之五十，我們無法改變

The 10 percent of circumstances, are what we focus on all day long.

那環境的百分之十，是我們成天注目的

And the 40 percent is what we have in our own hands.

而剩下的百分之四十，就是我們能夠掌握的

Don't you think that happy people experience more happy things

你會不會覺得快樂的人所經歷的快樂，

than unhappy people?

比不快樂的人還多呢?

We all experience more or less the same things in our lives

我們在人生中的經歷，其實都差不多

but the optimists give a double weight to the positive things,

但是樂觀的人，會加倍看待快樂的事情

and the pessimists give a double weight to the negative things.

悲觀的人則就會加倍看待負面的事

That's the choice we have.

那就是我們能選擇的

Optimism is a combination of belief and behaviour.

正向積極，是由信念與行為而形成的

You start believing that things will turn out

要使你開始相信事情能成功

and you behave like that.

那你的行為也會跟著成功

One of the professors taught me the lesson

有一個教授讓我上了一課

that there are red buttons and green buttons in society.

在社會中，能分成紅扣子與綠扣子

The red buttons are the pessimists.

紅扣子指的是悲觀的人

The green buttons are the optimists.

綠扣子則是樂觀的人

You notice immediately when you talk to someone,

當你跟他人談話，在三分鐘之內

in 3 minutes. I immediately know whether you are a green or a red button.

你就能立刻辨別出自己是紅扣子或是綠扣子

Shall I teach you?

要教你怎麼辨別嗎?

You can know it in 3 minutes.

只要三分鐘

The red buttons are always talking about themselves, the past and problems.

紅扣子的人老是在講自己的事情，過往的事物以及他們的問題

The green buttons are talking about we, us, the future and solutions.

而綠扣子呢，則是常常會講他們與其他人的事，未來的事以及解決問題的方法

It's not about me, it's about us.

講的不是關於「我」，而是關於「我們」

It's not about the past, it's about the future.

講的不是「過去」，而是關於「未來」

It's not about problems, it's about solutions.

談的不是「問題」，而是「解決辦法」

And when you succeed in connecting the green buttons

所以要是你能夠在一個組織，在學校，在街上

in an organisation, in a school, in a street, in your family,

在你的家族中，與綠扣子產生連繫的話

the red buttons become irrelevant.

紅扣子就不再是個問題了

A woman came to me last week. She said,

有個女人上禮拜來找我，她說

"Nice story about green and red buttons,

你那綠色紅色扣子的故事是不錯

but I'm married to a red button. What do I have to do now?" (Laughter)

但我嫁給了一個紅扣子，那要怎麼辦?(笑聲)

So we know that optimism and pessimism

我們知道正向樂觀與悲觀

are spreading like a virus.

就像是病毒一樣會傳播的

It's the optimism as well as the pessimism.

兩者都是

You know that.

你知道

When an optimist enters the room,

當樂觀者走到了你附近

you become an optimist.

你也會變成一個樂觀者

We see in research that in regions full of optimists, they influence each other

我們在研究中看到，在充滿樂觀者的地區，他們是會互相影響的

Workfloors influence each other.

在工作場所中也會互相影響

I'm not talking about stupid things.

我接下來要講的事情並不是笑話

Just a few weeks ago,

究在幾周以前，

the United Nations, for the first time in history,

聯合國，史上頭一遭地

published a World Report on Happiness.

公佈了世界快樂指數的報告

It's full of statistics that really prove

報告中充滿了證明著

that new priorities are needed.

我們需要改變優先事項的順位的統計數字

The report talks not only of gross national product,

這報告講的並不只是一個全國總體的成果

but of gross national happiness.

而是全國總體的快樂

This system works in Bhutan,

這個系統是在不丹實施

a country in the Himalayas.

在這個位於喜瑪拉雅地區的國家

The prime minister of Bhutan was invited to New York

不丹的總理受邀到紐約

to come and talk there.

並在那裏演講

We have been making fun of Bhutan,

我們以前都常取笑不丹這個國家

but now it has become an example of good practice.

但不丹現在卻成為了一個良好的實例

They are not only measuring work,

聯合國不只測量了工作上的指數

they are measuring harmony:

他們還測量了和諧的程度

work and the hours of sleep.

比方說工作，以及睡眠的時數

They are measuring physical health and mental health.

他們測量生理以及心理的健康指數

In education, they are measuring knowledge and values.

在教育方面，他們評量知識與價值觀

It's about harmony and we can learn quite a lot of that.

這樣的和諧，是值得我們去學習的

When Herman Van Rompuy wrote a letter

當赫爾曼·范龍佩寫了一封信

to 200 leaders of the world

給世界上的兩百位領導人

to make "happiness, hope and positive thinking, quality of life

想讓幸福，希望，正向思考，以及生活的品質

in our policies and our social behaviour a priority",

成為我們政策上以及社交行為上的優先考量時，

I was glad. I was holding his hand while he was writing that letter.

我很高興，我握著他的手，就在他寫那封信的當下

He says, "Cynics will immediately dismiss these proposals as naive,

他說，如果是憤世嫉俗的人收到這封信，一定會立刻把這些建議貶為天真的無稽之談

but positive thinking is no longer something for drifters and dreamers."

但是正向思考早已不是流浪者及夢想家的專利

It's a science. We can measure it

這是種科學，是可以被測量的

and we can do positive interventions.

而我們也可以積極地介入

If we measure on a scale of 1 to 10,

如果我們要用1到10數字的測量看看的話

Zimbabwe has 2.8 on happiness,

辛巴威的幸福指數是2.8

China 6.4, Denmark 8.3.

中國是6.4，丹麥是8.3

There is an influence of social policy on the numbers of people who are happy

在這些人們的幸福指數上面，有受到社會政策的影響

and we can change that.

而我們可以改變這一點

We can set these new priorities.

我們可以將前面所提的優先考量放入政策中

Do you know --

你知道嗎--

When you see the publicity of lotteries world wide,

全世界的樂透彩廣告裡

it's always about sunshine and palm trees.

總是描繪著陽光以及棕櫚樹

I don't know whether you know how many palm trees there are in Denmark,

我不知道你們了不了解在丹麥到底有多少棕櫚樹

but not that many.

但絕對沒那麼多

It's not about sunshine.

這跟陽光也沒關係

When we compare the happiest countries

當我們把世上最快樂的國家

to the countries that are not happy at all,

拿來與一個毫不快樂的國家相比時

we don't see a difference in sunshine or palm trees.

我們並不是比較兩者的陽光與棕梠樹的有無

It is about

重點在於

trust.

信任

When people trust each other, and trust the institutions,

當人民信任彼此，並且信任政府時

they are happier.

他們會比較開心

And when there is more equality in a country,

當平等能落實在一個國家時

then people are happier, the rich and the poor,

人民會比較幸福，無論貧富

the men and the women.

無論男女

Everybody can be happier.

大家都會覺得更幸福

Let's go for a happier world for all

就讓我們為所有人創造一個幸福的世界吧

and not only for less misery, but for a better world.

而且不只要減少悲慘，而是要邁向一個更好的世界

The best-selling sign in the west

現在在西方最受人喜愛的標語

no longer is 'Welcome' but 'Beware of the dog'.

已經不再是歡迎，而是小心惡犬

We have become afraid of everything.

我們開始懼怕一切事物

There is fear of everything.

對任何事物都有恐懼

We are afraid of the muslims, of the Chinese,

我們害怕回教徒，害怕中國人

of everything.

害怕一切

Locked up in our houses, we are killing ourselves.

把自己鎖在房子裡，還傷害自己

We have bought our dogs and our alarm systems.

我們買了看門狗，以及警報系統

But the great problem in our society is not aggression or violence.

但是在這社會上最大的問題並不是攻擊或是暴力

It's about solitude.

而是孤立

There is fear in our houses.

在我們的家中滿是恐懼

We could change that.

而我們可以改變這點

The media play an important role.

媒體扮演著重要的角色

There was a time when magazines were called

曾經有段時期，雜誌被稱為

'Der Spiegel', the mirror.

(德語)明鏡

They are not the mirror of society any more.

但那些雜誌早就不是能反映社會的明鏡了

They have become the keyholes of society,

他們成為對社會的窺視孔

focusing on conflict, on measuring conflict,

只讓人看見衝突，

again and again, making people afraid.

一次又一次地，讓人們感到恐懼

A lot of research states that people who see the news

有多項研究指出，那些看比較多新聞

and read the papers, become more and more afraid.

還有讀比較多報紙的人，會變得越來越害怕

The reality is the same, but they become afraid

現實世界並沒有變，但他們的恐懼卻加深了

reading all these stories.

看到這些報導

They are focusing on a message of distrust and fear.

他們只看到不信任以及恐懼的信息

Do you know the opposite of fear?

你們知道恐懼的相反是什麼嗎?

The opposite of fear is hope.

恐懼的相反就是希望

And a crisis is an opportunity.

一場危機會是孕育希望的機會

The pessimists will never solve the crisis.

但悲觀的人永遠無法解決危機

Statues are never built for pessimists.

從來沒有一座雕像是為悲觀者所鑄造的

There are more optimists in the world.

其實世上的樂觀主義者比悲觀主義者

There are more.

來的更多

But the pessimists make more noise.

但是悲觀者發出的噪音更大

At meetings and gatherings,

在會議或聚會時

the pessimists always make more noise.

悲觀者總是發出更大的聲音

The pessimists are still living in the holes and the caves.

他們還活在自己的洞穴裡

The optimistis came out of the caves and holes

而樂觀者則會走出洞穴

watching the fire, and the future.

凝視著火，凝視著希望

Publicity knows that very well:

而手表的廣告也十分清楚這點

watches all over, always at 10 past 10.

世上所有的廣告中的手表，總是呈現十點十分

Would you buy this watch if it would be 20 past 7?

如果手錶上是八點七分，你會想買它嗎?

You wouldn't buy it. It's the smile that sells. (Laughter)

你才不會，因為他們真正想賣的是一個微笑(笑聲)

If they tell me that happiness doesn't sell,

要是有誰說，金錢買不到快樂

I don't believe that.

我才不相信呢

Do you know what's the best-selling meal in the world?

你知道世上賣得最好的餐點是什麼嗎?

Happy meals!

快樂兒童餐!

Don't tell me happiness doesn't sell! (Laughter)

所以別再告訴我金錢買不到快樂了!(笑聲)

But it is not about pleasure. We found out in positive psychology.

但這裡的快樂並不是單純的喜悅感，我們在正向心理學中發現

We thought that happiness was about pleasure.

我們原本以為快樂指的就是喜悅

It's not about pleasure,

但其實不是如此

about sex, drugs and rock 'n roll.

我們當然會希望你們能享有很多的性愛，毒品，以及搖滾樂

I hope you have lots of it, but you won't be happy for that.

但你們並不會因此而感到幸福

It is about

重點在於

satisfaction.

滿足感

We are moving from a money economy to a satisfaction economy.