eating a nice meal

大吃大喝

than you are in a plane crash.

比你在飛機失事。

That being said, it happens.

話雖如此，但還是發生了。

At a rate at about one fatal accident

以大約一次死亡事故的速度

per 2.5 million flights.

每250萬次飛行。

And half of those accidents occur

而這些事故中有一半發生在

during one very short phase of the trip.

在旅行的一個很短的階段。

Wanna know when you should be

想知道你什麼時候應該

the most nervous on your next flight?

你下一次飛行時最緊張的是什麼？

Keep your seat belts fastened

請繫好安全帶

and get ready for a bumpy ride.

並準備好一個顛簸的旅程。

Takeoff and landing are widely considered

起飛和降落被廣泛認為是

the most dangerous parts of a flight.

飛行中最危險的部分。

But that's only partially true.

但這只是部分事實。

Let's take a look at this chart.

我們來看看這張圖。

Boeing keeps track of fatal

波音公司一直在追蹤致命的

commercial jet accidents every year

每年發生的商用飛機事故

and categorizes those accidents by

並將這些事故按

when they occurred during the flight.

當他們在飛行過程中發生。

Boeing breaks down the average

波音公司平均細分

one-and-a-half-hour flight into eight phases.

一個半小時的飛行分為八個階段。

But we'll just be looking at these five.

但我們只看這五個。

Starting at the beginning, the takeoff and initial climb.

從一開始的起飛和初步爬升開始。

This phase takes up only 2% of the entire flight,

這個階段只佔整個飛行的2%。

but it accounts for 14% of fatal accidents.

但它卻佔到致命事故的14%。

Which might not seem like a lot,

這可能看起來不是很多。

until we look at the cruising phase.

直到我們看巡航階段。

A plane cruises for more than half

一架飛機的巡航時間超過一半

of the one-and-a-half-hour trip,

的一個半小時行程。

but only 11% of fatal accidents happen during this chunk.

但只有11%的致命事故發生在這塊。

So that leaves the final descent and landing.

所以就剩下最後的下降和降落了。

They take up about 4% of the average flight,

它們佔據了平均班機的4%左右。

lasting twice as long as takeoff and initial climb.

持續時間是起飛和初始爬升的兩倍。

But a whopping 49% of fatal accidents

但高達49%的致命事故

occur in this short window,

在這短短的窗口中發生。

making the final descent and landing

迫降

the deadliest part of an average flight.

一般飛行中最致命的部分。

So what's going on here?

那麼，這是怎麼回事呢？

Anthony Brickhouse: Typically on takeoff and typically

安東尼-布里克豪斯。通常在起飛時，通常

on landing, the aircraft is

降落時，飛機是

what we would call low and slow.

我們所說的低調和緩慢。

And when problems happen,

而當問題發生時。

you don't have a lot of time to actually react.

你沒有太多的時間來實際反應。

Narrator: When they're cruising at 36,000 feet,

當他們在36000英尺的高度巡航時當他們在36000英尺的高度巡航時。

a pilot has the luxury of time and space to course correct.

飛行員有奢侈的時間和空間來糾正方向。

Even if both engines go out,

即使兩臺發動機都熄火了。

the plane won't just fall out of the sky.

飛機不會從天上掉下來的。

It becomes a glider.

它變成了一個滑翔機。

In this state, a typical airliner

在這種狀態下，一架典型的客機

loses about a mile in altitude

損兵折將

for every 10 it moves forward,

每前進10個，它就前進一個。

giving the pilot a little over eight minutes

給了飛行員8分鐘多一點的時間

to find a place to land.

來尋找落腳點。

But if something goes wrong on the ground,

但如果在地面上出了問題。

that window shrinks considerably.

該窗口大大縮小。

For a typical commercial jet,

對於典型的商用噴氣式飛機。

takeoff lasts only 30 to 35 seconds.

起飛僅持續30至35秒。

If an engine fails or the landing gear jams,

如果發動機故障或起落架卡死。

the pilot has almost no time at all

時不我待

to decide whether to take off anyway

以決定是否起飛

or to try and wrestle a 175,000-pound

或嘗試與一個17.5萬磅的人摔跤。

metal beast to the ground.

金屬獸的地面上。

Rejected takeoffs are rare.

拒絕起飛的情況很少。

Brickhouse: Because when you're blasting down that runway

磚屋。因為當你在那條跑道上爆炸的時候

at over 100 mph, things are happening really quickly.

在超過100英里的時速下，事情發生得非常快。

The decision to reject a takeoff

拒絕起飛的決定

is a very intense decision

是一個非常激烈的決定

because you have to do it below a certain speed,

因為你必須在一定的速度下進行。

otherwise, via physics,

否則，通過物理學。

you're not going to get stopped.

你不會被攔下的

Narrator: If the plane hasn't taken off or stopped

如果飛機還沒有起飛或停止如果飛機還沒有起飛或停止

by this point, it's going off the end of the runway.

這時，它要離開跑道的盡頭。

Which, depending on the airport,

其中，根據機場的情況。

could mean sliding into an open field

可能意味著滑到一個空地上

or off a literal cliff, like at Colorado's

或從字面上的懸崖上掉下來，就像在科羅拉多州的。

Telluride Regional Airport.

Telluride地區機場。

Its runway is terrifyingly sandwiched

它的跑道夾雜著可怕的氣息。

between two 1,000-foot drops.

在兩個1000英尺的落差之間。

For dangerous runways like Telluride's,

對於像Telluride的危險跑道。

airports will install

機場將安裝

an engineered materials arrestor system.

工程材料阻擋系統；

An EMAS is a bed of materials at the end of a runway

EMAS是指在跑道末端的材料床。

designed to collapse under the weight of an airplane,

設計成在飛機的重量下倒塌。

gripping its tires and ideally bringing it to a stop

抓緊輪胎，最好能讓它停下來。

before it plummets 1,000 feet off a ledge.

在它從壁架上墜落1000英尺之前。

It works similarly for a landing gone wrong.

它的作用類似於降落出錯。

So, what is it about touching down

那麼，是什麼原因讓它觸底

that makes it so much more dangerous than taking off?

這使得它比起飛更危險？

Oversimplified, it's easier to make a plane fly

過於簡單化，讓飛機飛起來更容易。

than it is to make it stop.

比讓它停止。

Brickhouse: We're slowing down, and we're getting

Brickhouse我們慢下來，我們得到了

the aircraft down to the ground.

飛機下降到地面。

And since you're already slow,

既然你已經很慢了。

any wind effect or anything like that

什麼風效應之類的

could have more dramatic impact

可能會有更大的影響

than it would on takeoff.

比起起飛時的情況。

Narrator: During a normal landing,

旁白：在一次正常的降落過程中

the pilot is communicating with air traffic control,

飛行員正在與空中交通管制部門溝通。

lining up with the proper runway,

襯托出合適的跑道。

and informing the crew.

並通知船員。

Similar to takeoff, but all while flying

類似於起飛，但都是在飛行的時候

toward the ground instead of away.

朝著地面而不是遠離。

Brickhouse: Sometimes it's a normal landing

磚房。有時是一個正常的降落

where everything is going well

順利的地方

and something happens at the last second,

並在最後一秒發生了一些事情。

and it leads to an accident.

並導致事故發生。

In other situations, there's already

在其他情況下，已經有

an emergency on board the aircraft,

飛機上的緊急情況。

which has already complicated the landing.

這已經使降落變得複雜。

And then they land, and something unfortunately goes wrong.

然後他們降落了，不幸的是出了問題。

Narrator: Statistics can be scary,

旁白：統計數據是很可怕的

but they still say flying is the safest way to travel.

但他們仍然說飛行是最安全的旅行方式。

And even if an accident were to happen on your next flight,

即使在你下一次飛行時發生了意外。

you'd have a 95.7% chance of surviving it.

你會有95. 7%的機會活下來。