So the expectation that science will bring forward large numbers of things which cumulatively will get on top of this, I think, is not an unreasonable one.

That is what you would expect based on all previous experience.

I think there are three concrete things to bear in mind of the advances in science.

First, we now know one drug Dexter Method Zone, that reduces death from Covidien patients requiring oxygenation oxygen in hospital.

Second, vaccines are now in late stage clinical trials, and there are many in late stage clinical trials.

Showing an immune response doesn't mean they're all gonna work, but it's a very important step along the way.

Third, the new testing approaches.

So the idea of faster near person testing, which has been difficult up until now and it wasn't certain that you get there now looks riel as though that's going to come online.

So those three things together a concrete and you can see therefore the advances that are likely to come into play over the next months and certainly by next year.

In spring and beyond.

You start to see the effects of some of those.

Thanks so much, Romney.

Thanks.

Uh, let's go to David Willing Sun on Sunday.

David David Nieto on mute.

You need a mute New Sorry.

Apologies.

If this four week locked down doesn't do the trick and you have to extend what sort of length of time do you envisage?

Another week?

Another two weeks.

Another four weeks on.

Good.

I perhaps ask a professor balance and, uh, sorry, professor with his Patrick, whether they think that four weeks is enough or whether they were pushing for a bit longer on the other thing, I'd like to ask quickly.

Is the Premier League matches are they still big going to be played throughout this period?

I can say yes to the Premier League.

I think with authority.

Um, David on the you know is for is the period up to 2nd December going to be enough?

I hope so.

We have every reason to believe it.

It will be, but we will be.

We will be driven by the by the science and we'll look at what where we've got to.

You know, I'm optimistic because the a Z.

I said a couple of weeks ago and I said again tonight, you know they are.

Although it's above one is not that much above one.

I think looking at the one of the slides that Patrick showed us earlier, you know it has Bean coming down.

The trouble is, it's that still means that the disease is doubling.

If we could get it below one, then, as you know, it starts having that's that's where we want to get on.

We think this package will do that, but we will be will be led by the evidence.

I think the key is getting the are really below one during this four weeks.

So if we all do what we're supposed to do during this, the arm will come down.

If we could get the are well below one, it starts toe Harv on.

We end up in a much better position, but I don't think it's a situation where in four weeks time you just say, Well, everything's back to normal again and you're on.

There's gonna have to still be some restrictions over the winter until the new measures come in in spring and the new things come along, but four weeks with a really good reduction of our would make a big difference.

And just just on the period on the period coming up, as it were to December the second, we will be looking very carefully at what's happening in the in the tiered areas and working out exactly which which tier would be most appropriate.

As we come out of the, uh, come out of these tougher, uh, tougher autumn measures.

Let's go toe Harriet line of the Press Association.

Thank you, Prime Minister, what is your message to leaders in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland?

Do you want them to follow your lead and introduced the same measures?

And if not, are you considering restrictions on travel between the four nations into the scientists?

Why, you confident that you won't need formal shielding this time around?

And is there also a danger that hospitals could still be overwhelmed despite these new restrictions?

Well, thanks very much.

How it first of all on the on the on the devolved administrations, the actually the situation now is that there's quite a large degree of congruence between, uh, the the whole of the UK in the sense that Northern Ireland and Wales have very similar arrangements were already to the ones we're announcing tonight.

Andi.

Scotland, as you know, has its its five tier system, which also involves some pretty stringent measures to deal with, fundamentally the same problem that we have across the whole of the UK, which actually we're dealing with in pretty much the same way.

And a Z.

You know, uh, every day.

There are constant discussions between the the four CMOs, but certainly the political level, constant conversations about how we're fighting this together.

Yeah, I'm just a reinforced that way for CMOS talked together very regularly.

Try and make sure that the science and the thinking is that the line is possible in terms of shielding, which is your question.

Specifically, thio us.

We're not suggesting that people who previously were on the shielding list the just over two million people who on the shielding list do not need to take extra cautions.

They do.

But the exact we learned a lot from the first time with the shielding program on some of the things worked with some of the things did not.

So what we're not aiming to do is to reproduce it.

There were both in practical problems, and there was also Theis.

You of people having a significant problems of loneliness and feeling completely cut off from society.

What we're trying to do is trying avoid those downsides to shielding whilst reinforcing the message that for people who are particularly vulnerable, they do need to take even greater precautions.

And the general public right.

Well, that that that brings us to the clothes.

Thank you very much, Harriet.

Thank you, everybody for watching, uh, just repeat those those threes, rays of sunshine, of optimism that we are from from the from the scientific medical adviser rather than from from From me the prospect to have ever better drugs already Decks method zone the realistic, though, by naming certain but realistic prospect of a vaccine and then the hopes that were on confidence that we're not placing in rapid turnaround testing that we're rolling out across the country.

But in the meantime, we have to put in place these tougher measures for now until the second of December across the country.

And it goes without saying everybody don't forget the basics.

Don't forget hands, face space.

Get a test if you have symptoms.

Thank you all very much.

Stay safe.