I'm Esther.

我是以斯帖。

In this video, I'm going to introduce the present perfect tense.

在這個視頻中，我將介紹現在的完全時態。

This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past,

這個時態可以用來談論過去發生的動作。

but when it happened is not very important or it's unknown.

但什麼時候發生的不是很重要，或者說不知道。

It can also be used to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in

它也可以用來談論一個開始於過去的行動，並繼續在。

the present.

現在的。

We really want to emphasize how long that action has been happening.

我們真的要強調，這種行動已經發生了多長時間。

And finally, we use this tense to talk about a recent action.

最後，我們用這個時態來談論最近的一個動作。

There's a lot to learn and a lot of important information, so keep watching.

要學的東西很多，重要的資訊也很多，請繼續關注。

Let's talk about one usage of the present perfect tense.

我們來談談現在完成時的一種用法。

This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past.

這個時態可以用來談論過去發生的動作。

But when it happened is not important or not known.

但什麼時候發生的並不重要，也不知道。

However, this action is important to the conversation right now.

然而，這個行動對現在的談話很重要。

Let's take a look at some examples.

我們來看看一些例子。

The first one says, 'I have been to Canada.'

第一個說，'我去過加拿大'。

What we do here is we start with the subject, 'I'.

我們在這裡做的是，我們從主語 "我 "開始。

For 'I', 'you', 'we', and 'they', we follow with 'have'.

對於'我'、'你'、'我們'、'他們'，我們用'有'跟在後面。

After that we use the past participle of the verb.

之後我們用動詞的過去分詞。

In this case, the verb is 'be'.

在這種情況下，動詞是'被'。

And so the past participle is 'been'.

所以過去分詞是'被'。

'I have been to Canada.'

'我去過加拿大。

The next sentence says, 'My cousins have seen the movie.'

下句說：'我的表哥們都看過電影了。

My cousins is a 'they'.

我的表妹就是一個 "他們"。

And so again, we follow with 'have'.

所以我們又以'有'為下文。

And the past participle of see is 'seen'.

而see的過去分詞是'看見'。

'They have seen the movie.'

'他們已經看過電影了。

Or 'My cousins have seen the movie.'

或者 "我的表弟們已經看過電影了"。

The next example says, 'Chad has gone home.'

下一個例子說，'查德已經回家了'。

Chad is a 'he'.

查德是一個 "他"。

For 'he', 'she', 'it', we follow with 'has'.

對於'他'、'她'、'它'，我們用'已'跟。

Then, the past participle 'gone' is for the verb 'go'.

那麼，過去分詞'去了'是為動詞'去'服務的。

'Chad has gone home.'

'查德已經回家了。

And finally, 'My phone has been fixed.'

最後，"我的手機已經修好了"。

My phone is an 'it'.

我的手機是一個 "它"。

Therefore, I use 'has'.

是以，我用 "有"。

And then I need the past participle of 'be' – 'been'.

然後我需要'be'的過去分詞--'been'。

'My phone has been fixed.'

'我的手機已經修好了'。

Let's move on to the next usage.

我們接著說下一個用法。

The present perfect tense is also used to describe an action that started in the past

現在的完成時也用於描述過去開始的行動。

and continues in the present.

並延續到現在。

'for' and since' are common expressions used with the present perfect tense.

'for'和since'是常用的現在完成時的表達方式。

Let's take a look at these examples.

我們來看看這些例子。

'I have worked there since 2002.'

'我從2002年就在那裡工作了。

You'll notice we start with the subject.

你會注意到我們從主題開始。

If it's 'I', 'you' or 'we', we have 'have'.

如果是'我'、'你'或'我們'，我們有'有'。

Then the past participle of the verb.

然後是動詞的過去分詞。

In this case - 'worked'.

在這種情況下--"工作"。

What you'll notice here is that we also have 'since 2002'.

在這裡你會注意到的是，我們還有 "自2002年以來"。

This shows when the action started, so with the expression 'since', you need to use

這顯示了動作開始的時間，所以對於表達式 "自"，你需要使用

a specific point in time.

某一特定時間點。

The next example does the same thing.

下一個例子也是如此。

'You have had a car since last year.'

'你從去年開始就有車了'。

Again, we use 'since', so we have a specific point in time - 'last year'.

同樣，我們使用 "自"，所以我們有一個具體的時間點--"去年"。

Take a look at the next example.

看看接下來的例子。

'Anna has liked him for weeks.'

'安娜已經喜歡他好幾個星期了。

In this case the subject is 'Anna'.

在這種情況下，主體是 "安娜"。

Which is a 'she', and so we use 'has'.

這是一個'她'，所以我們用'已'。

Then the past participle 'liked'.

然後是過去分詞'喜歡'。

However, at the end of the sentence, we see 'for weeks'.

但是，在句子的最後，我們看到了 "幾周"。

Not 'since weeks'.

不是 "從幾周開始"。

When we use 'for', we talk about the duration.

當我們用 "為 "的時候，我們說的是持續時間。

We explain how long this action has been true.

我們解釋一下這個行動有多長時間了。

And finally, 'We have eaten lunch here for 3 months.'

最後，"我們已經在這裡吃了3個月的午飯了"。

Again, the sentence ends with 'for 3 months'.

同樣，這句話的結尾是'3個月'。

So we show the duration.

所以，我們顯示的是持續時間。

Let's move on to the next usage.

我們接著說下一個用法。

In addition, the present perfect tense can be used to describe an action that recently

此外，現在的完成時態可以用來描述最近的行動。

stopped.

停了下來。

Let's take a look at some examples.

我們來看看一些例子。

'I have just been to the doctor,'

'我剛剛去看了醫生'。

So just like for all the other usages, we start with the subject,

所以就像其他所有的用法一樣，我們從主題開始。

'have' or 'has', and the past participle.

'有'或'已'，還有過去分詞。

But you'll notice here, I used the word 'just' between 'have' and the verb.

但是你會注意到這裡，我在 "有 "和動詞之間用了 "只是 "這個詞。

'I have just been to the doctor.'

'我剛剛去看了醫生'。

This shows that it happened very recently.

這說明，這事是最近才發生的。

The next example says, 'James has just seen his new baby.'

下一個例子說："詹姆斯剛剛看到了他的新寶寶"。

Again, just goes in between 'have' or 'has' and the verb.

同樣，只是在'有'或'已'和動詞之間。

Take a look at the next example.

看看接下來的例子。

It says, 'She has already been to China.'

上面寫著："她已經去過中國了"。

'already' is another word you can use to show that this action recently happened.

'已經'是另一個你可以用來表示這個動作最近發生的詞。

However, 'already' can also be moved to the end of the sentence.

不過，'已經'也可以移到句末。

So it's perfectly fine to say, 'She has been to China already.'

所以完全可以說："她已經去過中國了"。

And in the last example, 'We have recently visited Tom.'

而在最後一個例子中，'我們最近拜訪了湯姆。

Again, you can put this word between 'have' or 'has' and the verb.

同樣，你可以把這個詞放在'有'或'已'和動詞之間。

Or you can also put it at the end of the sentence.

或者你也可以放在句子的最後。

'We have visited Tom recently.'

'我們最近拜訪了湯姆。

Let's move on.

讓我們繼續前進。

Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect tense.

我們來看看現在的完全時態的否定形式。

Here are some examples.

下面是一些例子。

The first one says, 'I have not been to Europe.'

第一個人說：'我沒有去過歐洲'。

What you'll notice in the first sentence is that we simply put a 'not' between 'have'

你會注意到，在第一句話中，我們只是在 "有 "和 "沒有 "之間加了一個 "沒有"。

and 'been'.

和'被'。

'I have not been to Europe.'

'我沒有去過歐洲。

You can also use a contraction and say 'I haven't been to Europe.'

你也可以用收縮詞，說'我沒去過歐洲'。

The next sentence says, 'It has not rained for 3 months.'

下句說：'三個月沒下雨了'。

Again, we put the 'not' between the 'has' and the verb.

同樣，我們把'不'放在'有'和動詞之間。

'It has not rained for 3 months.'

'三個月沒下雨了'。

Here we have a time expression to show the duration.

這裡我們有一個時間表達式來顯示持續時間。

The next example says, 'Teddy hasn't driven for 2 years.'

下一個例子說："泰迪已經2年沒有開車了"。

We used the contraction here for 'has' and 'not' – 'hasn't'.

我們這裡用的是'有'和'沒有'的縮略語--'沒有'。

And then we use the time expression 'for 2 years' at the end of the sentence.

然後我們在句子的末尾使用時間表達'for 2 years'。

And finally, the last sentence says, 'My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.'

最後，最後一句話說："我的兒子們從2010年開始就沒有踢過足球。

We see another contraction here for 'have not' – 'haven't'.

我們在這裡看到了 "沒有 "的另一個收縮詞--"沒有"。

'My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.'

'我的兒子們從2010年開始就沒有踢過足球。

This time expression uses 'since'.

這次的表達方式使用'自'。

And so we mention a specific point and time.

所以我們提到一個具體的時間點和時間。

Let's move on.

讓我們繼續前進。

Now let's take a look at the 'have' or 'has' question form of the present perfect

現在我們來看看現在完成時的 "有 "或 "已 "的疑問句形式。

tense.

時態。

Take a look at the board.

看一下板子。

The first sentence says, 'Mike has eaten lunch.'

第一句話說，"邁克吃過午飯了"。

That is a statement.

這是個說法。

Now to turn it into a question, it's quite easy.

現在要把它變成一個問題，很容易。

All you have to do is put 'has' at the beginning.

你要做的就是在開頭加上'已'字。

Then you follow with the subject and then the past participle.

然後你再跟上主語，再跟上過去分詞。

You'll notice that the placement of the past participle doesn't change.

你會發現，過去分詞的位置並沒有改變。

We've simply changed the order of the first 2 words.

我們只是改變了前兩個字的順序。

'Has Mike eaten lunch?'

'邁克吃過午飯了嗎？

'Has Mike eaten lunch?'

'邁克吃過午飯了嗎？

And you can answer by saying 'Yes, he has.' or 'No, he hasn't.'

你可以說 "是的，他有。"或 "不，他沒有。

The next sentence says, 'They have watched the video.'

下一句說，'他們已經看了視頻'。

This is a statement.

這是一個聲明。

If we want to turn it into a question, again, we change the order of the first two words.

如果我們想把它變成一個問題，同樣，我們改變前兩個字的順序。

'Have they…?'

'他們有沒有......'？

And the past participle verb stays in the same place.

而過去分詞動詞停留在同一個地方。

'Have they watched the video?'

'他們看了視頻嗎？

'Have they watched the video?'

'他們看了視頻嗎？

You can answer this question by saying, 'Yes, they have.'

你可以回答這個問題，說：'是的，他們有。

or 'No, they haven't.'

或 "不，他們沒有。

Good job, guys.

幹得好，夥計們。

Let's move on.

讓我們繼續前進。

Now, I'll briefly introduce how to ask WH questions in the present perfect tense.

現在，我就簡單介紹一下如何用現在的完全時態來問WH問題。

Take a look at the board.

看一下板子。

I have 'where', 'what', 'who', and 'how'.

我有'哪裡'、'什麼'、'誰'和'如何'。

These go at the beginning of the question.

這些都是在問題的開頭。

Let's take a look at the first example.

我們來看看第一個例子。

'Where has Tim been?'

'蒂姆去哪了？

You'll notice we followed the WH word with 'has' or 'have'.

你會注意到我們在WH這個詞後面加了 "有 "或 "有"。

In this case, I used 'has' because the subject is 'Tim', and Tim is a 'he'.

在這種情況下，我用了 "已"，因為主語是 "蒂姆"，而蒂姆是個 "他"。

And then we followed that with the past participle of the verb.

然後我們接著用動詞的過去分詞。

'Where has Tim been?'

'蒂姆去哪了？

And I can answer by saying, 'Tim has been home.'

我可以回答說："蒂姆已經回家了。

or 'Tim has been on vacation.'

或 "蒂姆一直在度假。

Something like that.

類似的東西。

The next question says, what countries have you visited?

下一個問題說，你都去過哪些國家？

I can answer by saying, 'I have visited China.'

我可以回答說："我去過中國"。

or 'I have visited Mexico.'

或 "我去過墨西哥"。

You can also use the contraction 'I've'.

你也可以用 "我已經 "這個收縮詞。

'I've visited China.'

'我去過中國。

The next question says, 'Who has she talked to?'

下一個問題說："她和誰談過？

You can answer by saying, 'She has talked to her mom.' or 'She has talked to her

你可以說："她和媽媽談過了。"或者 "她和媽媽談過了。

teacher.'

老師。

The next question says, 'How long have you been married?'

下一個問題是說："你結婚多久了?

'I've been married for 3 years.'

'我已經結婚3年了'。

That's one answer that you can give.

這是你能給出的一個答案。

Great job, everybody.

大家幹得好

Let's move on.

讓我們繼續前進。

For this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.

這次檢查，我們就來看看現在的完全時態。

Which describes an action that happened at

哪個描述了發生在

an unknown or indefinite time in the past.

過去的未知或不確定的時間。

Let's look at the first sentence.

我們來看第一句話。

'She _blank_ read that book.'

'她_blank_讀那本書。

The subject in this sentence is 'she'.

這句話的主語是'她'。

For he/she/it, in this tense we say, 'has'.

因為他/她/它，在這個時態中我們說，"已經"。

'She has'.

'她有'。

Now, take a look at the verb.

現在，看一下動詞。

It looks like 'read'.

看起來像是 "讀"。

But remember we need to use the past participle of the verb.

但記住我們要用動詞的過去分詞。

So It's actually 'read'.

所以其實是 "讀"。

'read' and 'read' are spelled the same.

'讀'和'讀'的拼寫是一樣的。

'She has read that book.'

'她看過那本書。

The second sentence says, 'They _blank_ visit China.'

第二句話說，'他們_空白_訪問中國'。

'visit' is the verb that you want to use here.

'拜訪'是你要在這裡使用的動詞。

For 'I', 'you', 'we' and 'they', we use 'have'.

對於 "我"、"你"、"我們 "和 "他們"，我們用 "有"。

Not 'has'.

不是 "有"。

'They have'

"他們有

Now, what's the past participle of visit?

現在，訪問的過去分詞是什麼？

The answer is 'visited'.

答案是 "訪問"。

'They have visited China.'

'他們去過中國。

Next, 'We _blank_ see that concert.'

接下來，"我們_空白_看那場演唱會"。

Again, for 'I', 'you', we' and 'they' – we use 'have'.

同樣，對於 "我"、"你"、"我們 "和 "他們"--我們用 "有"。

'We have'.

'我們有'。

Now, the past participle of 'see' is 'seen'.

現在，'看'的過去分詞是'看見'。

'We have seen that concert.'

'我們已經看過那場音樂會了。

Now, let's look for the mistake in the next sentence.

現在，我們來看看下一句話中的錯誤。

'Rick have been to Cuba.'

"瑞克去過古巴。

Take a look at the subject, 'Rick'.

看看題目，'瑞克'。

Rick is a 'he'.

瑞克是個 "他"。

So instead of 'have', we need to change this to 'has'.

所以，我們要把這個 "有 "改成 "有"。

'Rick has been to Cuba.'

"瑞克去過古巴。

'Sally and I hasn't finished work.'

'我和莎莉還沒有完成工作。

The subject in this sentence is 'Sally' and 'I'.

這句話的主語是 "莎莉 "和 "我"。

The pronoun for that is 'we'.

這個代詞是'我們'。

'We hasn't finished work.'

'我們還沒有完成工作。

That still sounds weird, right?

這聽起來還是很奇怪的，對吧？

We have to change this to 'have not' or the contraction 'haven't'.

我們要把它改成'沒有'或者是收縮詞'沒有'。

And finally, 'I did go to the doctor.'

最後，"我確實去看了醫生"。

Now this sentence makes sense, but it's not the present perfect tense.

現在這句話說得通了，但它不是現在的完成時。

We have to change it.

我們必須改變它。

Remember, we use 'have' for the subject, 'I'.

記住，我們用 "有 "來表示主語 "我"。

But we're not done.

但我們還沒有完成。

What is the past participle of 'go'?

'去'的過去分詞是什麼？

It is 'gone'.

它是'走了'。

'I have gone to the doctor.'

'我已經去看醫生了。

Great job.

幹得好

Let's move on to the next checkup.

我們繼續進行下一次檢查。

In this checkup, we'll talk about the present perfect tense

在這次檢查中，我們將討論現在的完成時態。

and how it can be used to describe an action that started in the past and is still true

以及如何用它來描述一個始於過去而又仍然真實存在的行動；

today.

今天。

The first sentence says, 'I _blank_ known Carly since 1994.'

第一句話說："我_空白_從1994年就認識卡莉了。

The subject is 'I'.

題目是'我'。

And we already have the past participle of the verb, 'know'.

而且我們已經有了動詞的過去分詞 "知道"。

Which is 'known'.

這就是'已知'。

What are we missing?

我們還缺什麼？

The correct answer is 'have'.

正確答案是 "有"。

For 'I', 'you', 'we' and 'they', we use 'have' after the subject.

對於 "我"、"你"、"我們 "和 "他們"，我們在主語後用 "有"。

The next sentence says,

下句說。

'He has been here _blank_ 2 p.m.'

'他已經在這裡_空白_下午兩點了'。

Now the first part is all there.

現在第一部分都有了。

'He has been'.

'他一直在'。

However, remember that for the present perfect tense,

但是，請記住，對於現在的完全時態。

we use 'for' or 'since' to talk about how long that action has been true.

我們用'for'或'since'來談論這個動作有多久了。

In this case, we use 'since'.

在這種情況下，我們使用 "自"。

Because 2 p.m. is a specific period in time.

因為下午兩點是一個特定的時間段。

Next it says, 'She _blank_ liked Tom since June.'

接下來說："她_空白_喜歡湯姆，從六月開始。

The subject is 'she'.

主體是'她'。

And we have the past participle of the verb 'like', which is 'liked'.

而我們有動詞'喜歡'的過去分詞，就是'喜歡'。

What are we missing?

我們還缺什麼？

Again, we need 'have' or 'has'.

同樣，我們需要'有'或'已'。

Because the subject is 'she'...

因為對象是 "她"... ...

Can you figure out which one you need?

你能搞清楚你需要哪一個嗎？