about creative confidence.

關於創造力自信心的問題

I'm going to start way back in the third grade

最開始我要追溯到

at Oakdale School in Barberton, Ohio.

俄亥俄州巴伯頓的歐克代爾學校三年級的時候

I remember one day my best friend Brian was working on a project.

記得有一天，我最好的朋友布萊恩正在做手工

He was making a horse out of the clay

他在做一匹馬

that our teacher kept under the sink.

用老師藏在水池下的陶土

And at one point, one of the girls who was sitting at his table,

那時候，跟他同桌的一個女孩子

seeing what he was doing,

看到他在做的東西

leaned over and said to him,

靠過來說道

"That's terrible. That doesn't look anything like a horse."

“真差勁。看起來一點兒也不像馬。”

And Brian's shoulders sank.

布萊恩的肩膀懈下來

And he wadded up the clay horse and he threw it back in the bin.

把陶土小馬捏成一團，扔進了垃圾箱

I never saw Brian do a project like that ever again.

那以後我再也沒見過布萊恩做類似的手工了

And I wonder how often that happens.

我想知道這種事有多普遍

It seems like when I tell that story of Brian to my class,

當我對學生們講布萊恩的故事時

a lot of them want to come up after class

似乎有很多人想在課後留下來

and tell me about their similar experience,

告訴我他們自己相似的經歷

how a teacher shut them down

老師如何貶低他們

or how a student was particularly cruel to them.

同學如何不留情面

And some opt out thinking of themselves

其中一些人從此再也不相信

as creative at that point.

自己是有創意的人

And I see that opting out that happens in childhood,

我發現這種童年時的改變

and it moves in and becomes more ingrained,

會變得越來越深刻

even by the time you get to adult life.

甚至直至成年

So we see a lot of this.

所以我們看到很多這樣的例子

When we have a workshop

當我們辦學習班

or when we have clients in to work with us side-by-side,

或是與客戶並肩努力時

eventually we get to the point in the process

最終我們會進入一個環節

that's fuzzy or unconventional.

一個模糊的、非常規的環節

And eventually these bigshot executives whip out their Blackberries

最終，這些高層經理會抽出他們的黑莓手機

and they say they have to make really important phone calls,

說他們必須打幾個非常重要的電話

and they head for the exits.

然後就走出了房間

And they're just so uncomfortable.

他們感到極不舒服

When we track them down and ask them what's going on,

當我們跟蹤調查，問他們到底是怎麼回事

they say something like, "I'm just not the creative type."

他們回答道：“我真不是創造型的人”

But we know that's not true.

我們知道事實並非如此

If they stick with the process, if they stick with it,

如果他們堅持到底

they end up doing amazing things

他們會做出非常驚人的成果

and they surprise themselves just how innovative

他們感到非常驚奇

they and their teams really are.

自己和所在團隊能有多麼有創意

So I've been looking at this fear of judgment that we have.

我研究這種評價恐懼症

That you don't do things, you're afraid you're going to be judged.

你不去做一件事，因為你害怕被評價

If you don't say the right creative thing, you're going to be judged.

如果你說不出正確的有創造性的想法，就會被“判決”

And I had a major breakthrough

我的主要突破發生在

when I met the psychologist Albert Bandura.

我遇到心理學家亞伯特.班杜拉(Albert Bandura)之後

I don't know if you know Albert Bandura.

不知你們是否瞭解亞伯特.班杜拉

But if you go to Wikipedia,

但如果你們查查維琪百科

it says that he's the fourth most important psychologist in history --

上面寫著他是歷史上第四名最重要的心理學家

like Freud, Skinner, somebody and Bandura.

佛洛德、斯金納、某某和班杜拉

Bandura's 86 and he still works at Stanford.

班杜拉已經86歲了，還在斯坦福任職

And he's just a lovely guy.

他令人愉快

And so I went to see him

我去拜訪他

because he has just worked on phobias for a long time,

因他在恐懼症領域有多年經驗

which I'm very interested in.

而我對此很感興趣

He had developed this way, this kind of methodology,

他開發出一種方法

that ended up curing people in a very short amount of time.

能在短時間內治好各種恐懼症

In four hours he had a huge cure rate of people who had phobias.

在四小時的治療時間裡，治癒率相當高

And we talked about snakes. I don't know why we talked about snakes.

我們談到了蛇

We talked about snakes and fear of snakes as a phobia.

不過我們談到了蛇，以及對蛇的恐懼

And it was really enjoyable, really interesting.

談話令人愉悅，非常有趣

He told me that he'd invite the test subject in,

他告訴我他邀請受試者進入房間

and he'd say, "You know, there's a snake in the next room

對他們說：“隔壁房間有一條蛇

and we're going to go in there."

我們要走進去”

To which, he reported, most of them replied,

多數受試者回答

"Hell no, I'm not going in there,

“天哪，不！我不會進去的！

certainly if there's a snake in there."

只要蛇在那兒”

But Bandura has a step-by-step process that was super successful.

班杜拉有一套極為成功的步驟方法

So he'd take people to this two-way mirror

把他們帶到雙面鏡前

looking into the room where the snake was,

可以觀察蛇在房間裡的動向

and he'd get them comfortable with that.

讓人們逐漸適應

And then through a series of steps,

然後經過一系列步驟

he'd move them and they'd be standing in the doorway with the door open

他們被帶到打開的房間門口站著

and they'd be looking in there.

往裡面看

And he'd get them comfortable with that.

並逐漸適應

And then many more steps later, baby steps,

之後還有許多循序漸進的步驟

they'd be in the room, they'd have a leather glove like a welder's glove on,

他們進入房間，帶著焊工用的那種皮手套

and they'd eventually touch the snake.

觸摸蛇

And when they touched the snake everything was fine. They were cured.

當他們摸到蛇的時候

In fact, everything was better than fine.

事實上，結果比這更好

These people who had life-long fears of snakes

這些生來對蛇恐懼的人

were saying things like,

說道

"Look how beautiful that snake is."

“看那條蛇多漂亮”

And they were holding it in their laps.

他們可以把蛇放在膝蓋上

Bandura calls this process "guided mastery."

班杜拉稱之為“引導性精熟”

I love that term: guided mastery.

我喜歡這個術語：“引導性精熟”

And something else happened,

其他的事發生了

these people who went through the process and touched the snake

這些人經歷所有程式最後觸摸到蛇

ended up having less anxiety about other things in their lives.

最後對人生的其他焦慮都減輕了

They tried harder, they persevered longer,

他們更努力，更堅持

and they were more resilient in the face of failure.

在失敗面前表現得更有韌性

They just gained a new confidence.

他們獲得了一種新的自信

And Bandura calls that confidence self-efficacy --

班杜拉稱這種自信為自我效能

the sense that you can change the world

一種你能改變世界的感覺

and that you can attain what you set out to do.

你能達成自己的目標

Well meeting Bandura was really cathartic for me

與班杜拉的會見對我意義非凡

because I realized that this famous scientist

因為我認識到這位著名的科學家

had documented and scientifically validated

有文獻和科學證據來證明

something that we've seen happen for the last 30 years.

我們過去三十年所見證的事情

That we could take people who had the fear that they weren't creative,

那些懼怕自己沒有創造力的人們

and we could take them through a series of steps,

我們可以帶領他們經歷一系列步驟

kind of like a series of small successes,

一系列小小的成功

and they turn fear into familiarity, and they surprise themselves.

懼怕成為熟悉，他們給自己帶來驚喜

That transformation is amazing.

這種轉變是驚人的

We see it at the d.school all the time.

我們不斷在斯坦福設計學院(d.school)看到

People from all different kinds of disciplines,

不同學科的人們

they think of themselves as only analytical.

那些認為自己只是善於分析的人們

And they come in and they go through the process, our process,

他們來我們這裡，經歷我們開發的流程

they build confidence and now they think of themselves differently.

逐漸的累積自信，在最後學會從另一個角度看待自己

And they're totally emotionally excited

他們為能夠

about the fact that they walk around

覺得自己是一個有創造力的人

thinking of themselves as a creative person.

而感到激動

So I thought one of the things I'd do today

我認為我今天的任務之一

is take you through and show you what this journey looks like.

就是向你們展示這個過程是怎樣的

To me, that journey looks like Doug Dietz.

對於我來說，這個過程就像道格.迪茲(Doug Dietz)

Doug Dietz is a technical person.

道格.迪茲是個技術型人才

He designs medical imaging equipment,

他設計醫用成像設備

large medical imaging equipment.

大型的醫用成像設備

He's worked for GE, and he's had a fantastic career.

他為GE工作，有非常成功的事業

But at one point he had a moment of crisis.

不過他也曾有危機時刻

He was in the hospital looking at one of his MRI machines in use

他在醫院裡觀察他的核磁共振儀器的實際使用

when he saw a young family.

他看到一個年輕的家庭

There was a little girl,

那家的小女孩

and that little girl was crying and was terrified.

被嚇哭了

And Doug was really disappointed to learn

道格心情沮喪地發現

that nearly 80 percent of the pediatric patients in this hospital

醫院裡將近80%的兒科患者

had to be sedated in order to deal with his MRI machine.

需要服用鎮靜劑才能做核磁共振

And this was really disappointing to Doug,

這令道格大為受挫

because before this time he was proud of what he did.

因為這之前他一直為自己的工作感到驕傲

He was saving lives with this machine.

他覺得自己的這台機器能拯救生命

But it really hurt him to see the fear

然而事實給了他很大打擊，他看到了

that this machine caused in kids.

這台機器給孩子們帶來的是恐懼

About that time he was at the d.school at Stanford taking classes.

就在那時，他正在斯坦福設計學院學習

He was learning about our process

他知道了我們的流程

about design thinking, about empathy,

關於設計性思維，同情心

about iterative prototyping.

以及反覆運算的原型設計

And he would take this new knowledge

他運用了這些新知識

and do something quite extraordinary.

做出了非凡的成果

He would redesign the entire experience of being scanned.

他重新設計了掃描檢查的全部體驗

And this is what he came up with.

這就是他的成果

He turned it into an adventure for the kids.

他把核磁共振檢查變成了孩子們的到冒險

He painted the walls and he painted the machine,

他在牆上和機器上畫上圖案

and he got the operators retrained by people who know kids,

他請懂孩子的人對醫務人員重新培訓

like children's museum people.

比如說兒童博物館的工作人員

And now when the kid comes, it's an experience.

對孩子們來說這是一次獨特體驗

And they talk to them about the noise and the movement of the ship.

他們對孩子們解釋噪音和檢查艙的運行

And when they come, they say,

他們對來檢查的孩子說

"Okay, you're going to go into the pirate ship,

“好了，你現在要潛入這艘海盜船

but be very still because we don't want the pirates to find you."

別亂動，不然海盜會發現你的”

And the results were super dramatic.

結果是戲劇化的

So from something like 80 percent of the kids needing to be sedated,

需要服用鎮靜劑的孩子從80%

to something like 10 percent of the kids needing to be sedated.

降到了10%

And the hospital and GE were happy too.

醫院和GE公司對此都很高興

Because you didn't have to call the anesthesiologist all the time,

他們不用一直找麻醉師了

they could put more kids through the machine in a day.

每天可以做的檢查數量增加了

So the quantitative results were great.

這個定量結果十分顯著

But Doug's results that he cared about were much more qualitative.

但道格真正在乎的是最終的質量

He was with one of the mothers

他陪同一位母親

waiting for her child to come out of the scan.

等待她的孩子完成檢查

And when the little girl came out of her scan,

當小女孩做完了檢查

she ran up to her mother and said,

她跑到媽媽那兒說

"Mommy, can we come back tomorrow?"

“媽媽，我們明天還能來嗎？”

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

And so I've heard Doug tell the story many times,

我不止一次聽道格講起這個故事

of his personal transformation

他的個人的轉變

and the breakthrough design that happened from it,

以及由此而來的突破性設計

but I've never really seen him tell the story of the little girl

但每一次他講到那個小女孩的故事

without a tear in his eye.

眼裡都含著淚水

Doug's story takes place in a hospital.

道格的故事發生在醫院裡

I know a thing or two about hospitals.

我恰巧對醫院略知一二

A few years ago I felt a lump on the side of my neck,

幾年前我感覺自己的脖子側面長了一個腫塊

and it was my turn in the MRI machine.

於是輪到我去做核磁共振了

It was cancer. It was the bad kind.

是腫瘤。惡性的。

I was told I had a 40 percent chance of survival.

我被告知只有40%的存活率

So while you're sitting around with the other patients in your pajamas

當我坐在一群穿著病號服的病患中間

and everybody's pale and thin

所有人看起來都蒼白瘦弱

and you're waiting for your turn to get the gamma rays,

等著輪到自己做放療的那些時間裡

you think of a lot of things.

你會會想到很多事

Mostly you think about, Am I going to survive?

多數時間是想“我能活下來嗎？”

And I thought a lot about,

我也無數次想到

What was my daughter's life going to be like without me?

要是我不在了，我女兒會怎樣

But you think about other things.

我也想到很多別的事情

I thought a lot about, What was I put on Earth to do?

我經常想：我來到世上究竟要做什麼？

What was my calling? What should I do?

我的使命是什麼？我應該做什麼？

And I was lucky because I had lots of options.

我很幸運，因為有很多選擇

We'd been working in health and wellness,

我們從事醫療福利領域的工作

and K through 12, and the Developing World.

為K through 12專案工作，為第三世界工作

And so there were lots of projects that I could work on.

我能做的專案有很多

But I decided and I committed to at this point

但在那時我決定要投身於

to the thing I most wanted to do --

我最想做的工作

was to help as many people as possible

去幫助盡可能多的人

regain the creative confidence they lost along their way.

重新獲得他們成長過程中缺失的創造力自信心

And if I was going to survive, that's what I wanted to do.

如果我活下來，我就去做這件事

I survived, just so you know.

我活下來了，如你們所見

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

(Applause)

(鼓掌聲)

I really believe

我堅信

that when people gain this confidence --

當人們獲得這種自信

and we see it all the time at the d.school and at IDEO --

正如我們一直以來在斯坦福設計學院和IDEO公司看到的

they actually start working on the things that are really important in their lives.

人們開始研究生命中真正重要的東西

We see people quit what they're doing and go in new directions.

一些人辭掉當下的工作，開闢了新的方向

We see them come up with more interesting, and just more, ideas

他們有了更多有趣的想法

so they can choose from better ideas.

來讓他們能從更好的想法中作出抉擇

And they just make better decisions.

他們能夠作出更好的決策

So I know at TED you're supposed to have a change-the-world kind of thing.

我知道在TED應該有種改變世界的精神

Everybody has a change-the-world thing.

每個人都有這種改變世界的精神

If there is one for me, this is it. To help this happen.

對於我來說，就是讓這一切發生

So I hope you'll join me on my quest --

我希望諸位能加入我的探索

you as thought leaders.

作為思想的領袖

It would be really great if you didn't let people divide the world

這是一件偉大的事：不讓人們把世界上的人

into the creatives and the non-creatives, like it's some God-given thing,

硬分成有創意和沒創意兩種，好像創造力是上天恩賜似的

and to have people realize that they're naturally creative.

讓人們意識到他們天生是有創造力的

And those natural people should let their ideas fly.

自然而然應該讓創意飛翔

That they should achieve what Bandura calls self-efficacy,

人們應該成就班杜拉所說的“自我效能”

that you can do what you set out to do,

你能夠達到自己的目標

and that you can reach a place of creative confidence

你可以擁有創造力自信心

and touch the snake.

然後去觸碰蛇

Thank you.

謝謝各位

(Applause)

(鼓掌聲)