one thing has remained constant:

Apple's approach to iPhone apps.

The App Store launched in 2008 and, with it,

Apple laid out how it was going to let

third-party apps onto its platform.

And not much has really changed.

You still have to develop your app

according to Apple's rules, submit it

to the company for review, and then pray

Apple lets it onto the App Store.

Anything that crosses the line, especially around

copyright or privacy, isn't allowed.

And those rules are extensive.

The guidelines document is more that 12,500 words long.

But, if you've been following the world of mobile apps

since the early days of the iPhone,

you're probably well aware that

there are holes in Apple's walled garden.

On Android, Google typically lets you do

a lot of stuff you can't do on the iPhone.

But that doesn't mean people have stopped

trying to find ways around Apple's restrictions.

In fact, they've only gotten smarter about it.

(bass heavy electronic music)

This is AltStore.

It's one of the latest attempts by independent developers

to bypass the App Store, and it's made by

a recent college graduate, Riley Testut.

- AltStore basically lets you install apps

outside the App Store by tricking the phone

into thinking you developed the app yourself.

Like, you programmed it and you installed it

and you're testing it out on your device.

So a few years ago, Apple had the ability

for Xcode, Apple's developer tool, to allow

anyone with an Apple ID to install their own apps

on their phones so that Apple could encourage people

to learn to program iPhone apps and test them out

for schools and curriculums, stuff like that.

But so basically, I'm using that

same process, but just without Xcode.

- Riley was inspired to make AltStore through

a trick he discovered in the jailbreaking community.

You probably remember jailbreaking.

It used to be pretty much the only way to get

unauthorized apps onto your iPhone

or features Apple hadn't developed yet.

Well, after jailbreaking started to fade out,

some really savvy programmers started

coming up with ways to get apps onto the iPhone

without needing to jailbreak your phone.

One of those methods was with

a software called Cydia Impactor.

Like AltStore, the Impactor exploits a loophole in how

iTunes communicates and syncs files with the iPhone.

But Cydia Impactor only lets you take

app files and put them on your phone from your computer.

AltStore is a fully functioning platform

that can, in theory, support a whole ecosystem

of apps that live outside of the App Store.

It also lets you download apps and updates

over Wi-Fi without needing to plug your phone

into your computer all the time.

Riley's even made one of those apps himself.

It's a super polished version of his old

Nintendo emulator that he's spent years fine-tuning.

It used to be called GBA4iOS, but now

he's calling this more powerful version Delta.

It can let an iPhone play Super Nintendo,

Game Boy Advance, and even N64 games.

It's got a sleek, built-in controller scheme

and some really nice save state features.

But Riley knew he could never get Delta onto the App Store.

Apple wouldn't allow it because there are strict rules

around apps that might be used for copyright infringement.

So, he started thinking up more clever ways

to get around the restrictions on iOS, and that's what

pushed him to come up with AltStore instead of just

releasing his app on Android and calling it a day.

- AltStore and everything just came from

me wanting to get Delta out.

It just made sense for me,

if I'm building this whole process for Delta,

just to build it out for anyone to use.

So I'm kind of doing it 'cause I want to also

improve the quality of apps that you won't find on

the App Store but could still exist on the platform.

- Okay, quick side note: we're not encouraging

you go download video game files,

which are known on the internet as ROMs.

Sites hosting those ROMs have been

shut down by game companies and it's generally

not a good idea to share them.

Now, Apple has a history of working hard

to shut these things down.

It's spent years patching iOS

to block jailbreaking software.

But before things like AltStore existed,

there was one really popular way

to get around IOS restrictions.

It's been around for years and it involves

using Apple's own tools against it.

That method is the Enterprise program.

It started up a few years after the iPhone really took off,

when all sorts of companies were developing mobile apps.

Apple lets you pay $300 a year for a special license

that it controls that then lets you distribute apps

to anyone over the internet, no App Store review required.

It was intended for really big companies.

So, like, say you work for Amazon or Microsoft.

Those employees can then test apps early to weed out bugs.

It turns out that Apple wasn't really paying

too close attention to who was buying access

to those Enterprise certificates.

Some companies would sell them to you on the cheap

and Riley even distributed his old

Nintendo emulator, GBA4iOS, using an

Enterprise certificate he bought on the internet.

That is, before Apple got wind of that

and shut him down pretty quickly.

You may also remember that Facebook and Google

were even abusing this program up until a few months ago

when they got in trouble with Apple for installing

these VPN apps onto teenager's iPhones

to snoop on their data in exchange for $20 a month.

There are tons of, let's say,

creative uses of the Enterprise program.

Just look at something like TutuApp.

It's a popular alternative app store out of China

that sells access to all sorts of pirated software.

TutuApp occasionally goes down,

probably because Apple is revoking its certificates,

but it always seems to come right back.

Riley theorizes that the makers of TutuApp

are buying new certificates from other companies.

He also raises a really good point,

which is that Apple has let this go on for years

without really doing much about it.

- But so I've always been expecting

that route to kind of go away,

so that's why I've positioned this whole

installation method completely separate from that.

- After the Facebook and Google controversy,

Apple has, in fact, gotten stricter

about these Enterprise certificates.

It announced some new restrictions to the program

back in WWDC, and Riley tells me that the company

is paying closer attention to who signs up

for the program and what they do with it.

So the Enterprise program is probably

not the best way to try and bypass the App Store anymore

and that's how we've arrived at something like AltStore.

Riley thinks AltStore can survive for at least a little bit.

Apple may come up with a way to

disable his ability to distribute apps

but it would end up affecting a lot

of legitimate users on the platform.

- They could completely shut down

the whole service, but that would affect

everyone doing this, including schools,

anyone just using their free Apple ID

on the side of their work or anything.

So that would be a pretty heavy-handed solution there.

Besides that, they could prevent syncing of our Wi-Fi;

but even then, the worst case is

you could still plug in the phone.

Essentially, as long as iTunes

can sync apps, AltStore can work.

- So if it does survive, Riley hopes AltStore

can become a destination for other app makers.

And there's a lot of room for really interesting

apps that don't abide by the iOS guidelines.

- Or I know someone made a file managing app.

So, it looked gorgeous and did everything,

but Apple would never allow it because

you can't replicate a desktop experience.

- As for the future of the App Store,

it's pretty unlikely Apple is ever going to budge

when it comes to apps on the iPhone.

But there is a small sliver of hope for the iPad.

Back at WWDC, Apple announced iPadOS.

It's a whole new operating system dedicated to its tablet.

And while the iPad's capabilities as a computer

have been pretty held back until now,

we're starting to see Apple open it up way more.

There's now Catalyst, so you can develop apps

for both Mac and iPad at the same time,

iPads will be getting the ability to read USB drives,

and Apple is completely redesigning how the

iPad home screen, window layout, and gesture support works

so it's more like a real laptop.

- What's a computer?

- Remember that "What's a computer?" ad campaign?

Well, Apple is actually now following through.

At some point, Apple just might give the iPad

something that could truly make it into a computer:

the ability to run apps from the internet.

- So, I think it's inevitable that at some point

the iPad will gain some way of

installing apps outside of the App Store.

I don't know if that will ever happen for the iPhone

because, essentially, the iPad is your computer

and the phone is the convenience.

- Unfortunately, I think I have to agree with Riley here.

I don't see that ever happening for the iPhone.

Thankfully, we have options like AltStore.

That is, if Apple doesn't shut it down immediately.

I only get to it pick my starter,

which I feel like is going to anger the internet.

Bulbasaur? No way.

Charmander? Absolutely not.

I'm definitely gonna get Squirtle.

Hell yeah.