The city has benefited from Brexit, forcing European Union investors to use platforms inside the block.

Exchanges in the Dutch capital traded over $11 billion a day in January, just ahead of London's $10.4 billion.

That's according to figures from Cibo Europe Exchange, which operates in both cities.

It compares with an average of over $20 billion traded daily in London during 2020.

The rise of Amsterdam was well flagged ahead of Britain's departure from the EU.

Share platforms began preparations for opening hubs in the Dutch capital in 2016, the you had bean clear it wanted euro dominated financial activity shifted from London to build up its own capital market and have direct supervision.

Some derivatives trading has also moved from London to Amsterdam, and trading and EU carbon emissions will move to the Dutch city later this year.