Until the early 19 fifties, the structure of DNA remained a mystery.

直到1950年代初，DNA的結構仍是一個謎。

At Cambridge University, Francis Crick and James Watson worked on making physical models of what DNA may look like.

在劍橋大學，弗朗西斯-克里克和詹姆斯-沃森致力於製作DNA可能長什麼樣的物理模型。

Meanwhile, at King's College in London, Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin were also studying DNA by examining X rated fraction images of DNA.

與此同時，在倫敦國王學院，莫里斯-威爾金斯和羅莎琳德-富蘭克林也在通過研究DNA的X額定分數影像來研究DNA。

In short, this means that when shining X rays through DNA molecules, the X rays made a shadow of the molecule structure.

簡而言之，這意味著當用X射線照射DNA分子時，X射線使分子結構產生了陰影。

Over time, different researchers made important but seemingly unconnected findings about the composition of DNA.

隨著時間的推移，不同的研究人員對DNA的組成做出了重要但看似毫無關聯的發現。

For example, Alexander Todd discovered that the backbone of the DNA molecule contained repeating phosphate and dioxide arrivals.

例如，亞歷山大-託德發現DNA分子的主幹含有重複的磷酸鹽和二氧化物到達。

Sugar groups.

糖組。

Linus Pauling discovered the single stranded Alfa helix, prompting biologists to think of helical forms.

Linus Pauling發現了單股的Alfa螺旋，促使生物學家思考螺旋形式。

He also pioneered the method of model building in chemistry.

他還開創了化學界建立模型的方法。

Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin had obtained high resolution X ray images of DNA fibers.

莫里斯-威爾金斯和羅莎琳德-富蘭克林曾獲得DNA纖維的高分辨率X射線影像。

It suggested a helical, corkscrew like shape.

它暗示了一個螺旋狀的，像開瓶器一樣的形狀。

Franklin suspected that all DNA was helical.

富蘭克林懷疑所有的DNA都是螺旋狀的。

Phoebus, Levene and others discovered that DNA was composed of subunits called nucleotides.

Phoebus、Levene等人發現DNA是由稱為核苷酸的亞組織、部門組成的。

A nucleotide is made up of a sugar ah phosphate group and one of four nitrogenous bases.

核苷酸是由糖啊磷酸基團和四個含氮鹼基中的一個組成。

Thes are eight and nine Thing I mean guanine and cytosine.

這些都是8和9的東西我的意思是鳥嘌呤和胞嘧啶。

Um Irwin charge off had found that 89 timing always appeared in ratios of 1 to 1, as did guanine and cytosine.

Um Irwin charge off曾發現89定時總是以1比1的比例出現，鳥嘌呤和胞嘧啶也是如此。

In the end, it was Watson and Crick who eventually unified all these findings to reveal DNA structure.

最後，是沃森和克里克最終統一了所有這些發現，揭示了DNA結構。

They used pollings method of model building in chemistry to uncover the structure of DNA, Franklin's double helix idea and char gaffes.

他們在化學中使用了建立模型的民意調查法，揭開了DNA的結構、富蘭克林的雙螺旋思想和查爾的失誤。

Findings about base pairs were incorporated into Watson and Crick's model.

關於鹼基對的發現被納入Watson和Crick的模型中。

This meant that matching base pairs interlocked in the middle of the double helix to keep the distance between the latter legs or backbones constant.

這意味著，匹配的鹼基對在雙螺旋的中間互鎖，以保持後腿或骨架之間的距離不變。

Finally, Watson and Crick realized that they always paired with tea and likewise see with G.

最後，華生和克里剋意識到，他們總是與茶葉搭配，同樣也看到與G。

The base is connected to the two helical sugar phosphate backbones of DNA at right angles, so the legs retained their regular double helix shape.

鹼基與DNA的兩個螺旋狀磷酸糖骨架成直角連接，所以腿部保留了規則的雙螺旋形狀。

Similarly, the complementary pairing of the base is meant that the backbones ran in opposite direction to each other, one up the other down.

同理，基座的互補配對是指骨架之間的運行方向相反，一個向上一個向下。

And so Watson and Crick showed that each strand of the DNA molecule was a template for the other.

於是沃森和克里克表明，DNA分子的每一條鏈都是另一條鏈的模板。

During cell division, the two strands separate and on each strand and new other half is built.

在細胞分裂過程中，兩股分離，在每條鏈上，都會建立新的另一半。

This'll DNA can reproduce itself without changing its structure.

這將DNA可以在不改變其結構的情況下進行自我複製。

This discovery opened many doors and biological research.

這一發現打開了許多門，也打開了生物研究的大門。