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For more than half the year, this sundial doesn't show the right time.
一年中有一半以上的時間,這個日晷都沒有顯示正確的時間。
That's because in many nations, the clocks spring forward by one
那是因為在許多國家,時鐘向前走了一個小時
hour from the end of March to the end of October.
小時,從3月底到10月底。
It's called daylight saving time, and it affects more
這就是所謂的夏令時,它影響到了更多的人
than one billion people. But recently, several nations
十多億人。 但最近,一些國家
have proposed scrapping it, including the European Union.
包括歐洲聯盟在內,都建議取消它。
So how did seasonal clock changes come about,
那麼季節性的時鐘變化是怎麼來的呢。
and should we be getting rid of them?
我們是否應該擺脫他們?
In most countries, the standard
在大多數國家,標準
timezone is generally in sync
時區一致
with the sun. For example, midday is roughly when the
與太陽。例如,正午時分大致是在
sun is highest in the sky, with equal amounts of daylight
日出而作,日入而息。
either side. But for about 70 countries around the world,
任何一方。但對於全球約70個國家。
this isn't the case for roughly half the year because of daylight
由於白天的原因,一年中大約有一半的時間不是這樣的。
saving time, which is the method of moving clocks forward during
節約時間,是指將時鐘向前移動的方法。
warmer months so that darkness falls at a later time.
暖和的月份,以便在較晚的時候黑暗降臨。
Towards the end of March,
到了3月底。
countries in the northern
北方國家
hemisphere set their clocks ahead by one hour to push
把他們的時鐘提前一個小時,以推動他們的工作。
sunsets later in the evenings and sunrises
夕陽西下,日出而作,日落而息
later in the mornings. Then, in late October,
在上午晚些時候。 然後,在10月下旬。
they are wound back by an hour, subtracting an hour of daylight
它們被倒退一個小時,減去一個小時的日光。
from the evening and making the early mornings brighter.
從晚上開始,讓清晨變得更加明亮。
In the southern hemisphere, the reverse occurs, with their
在南半球,情況正好相反,它們的。
daylight saving time taking place during their summers.
夏天實行夏令時。
The idea of daylight saving was originally proposed by
日光節約的概念最初是由以下人士提出的。
New Zealander George Hudson in 1895. He was a scientist
1895年,新西蘭人喬治-哈德森。他是一位科學家
studying insects and wanted to take advantage of the
研究昆蟲,並想利用這個機會
extra daylight in the summer to hunt for bugs.
夏天有額外的日光來獵取蟲子。
The idea didn't catch on at the time, but at
這個想法在當時並不流行,但在。
the start of the 20th century, a successful
20世紀初,成功
British builder called William Willett published
英國建築商William Willett出版了
a pamphlet called, 'The waste of daylight.'
一本叫《浪費日光》的小冊子。
Willett proposed moving the clocks forward by 80 minutes
Willett建議將時間提前80分鐘。
in 20-minute weekly increments.
每週以20分鐘為組織、部門遞增。
His campaign even gained the support of Winston
他的競選活動甚至獲得了溫斯頓
Churchill, but Willett died in 1915 before
丘吉爾
his plans were realized.
他的計劃實現了。
William Willett was a keen golfer and wasn't a fan of
威廉-威利特是一個熱衷於打高爾夫球的人,並不是一個球迷。
cutting short his round at dusk.
在黃昏時分縮短他的回合。
He argued that several hours of sun were being
他認為,幾個小時的太陽正在被。
wasted while we slept and that we should use more
我們睡覺的時候浪費了,我們應該用更多的時間去做。
of it, along with the nice summer weather, to pursue
的,加上夏天的好天氣,去追求
leisure activities after work. However, when daylight
工作之餘的休閒活動。 然而,當白天
saving was finally adopted, it wasn't
儲蓄最終被採用,這不是
to enjoy long the summer evenings.
以享受漫長的夏日夜晚。
In 1916, Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire
在1916年,德國和奧匈帝國。
were the first countries to implement daylight saving
是最早實行夏令時制的國家
during the first world war. The aim was that by adjusting
第一次世界大戰期間。 其目的是通過調整
the clocks forward, less electricity would
時鐘向前走,電力就會減少
be used for lighting, thereby conserving coal which could
用作照明,從而節約煤炭,而這些煤炭可以用於生產。
instead be used to power production
而不是用於生產的動力
towards the war effort.
對戰爭的努力。
The U.K. followed suit a month later while the
一個月後,英國跟進,而。
U.S. adopted it in 1918, which was claimed to
美國在1918年採用了它,據稱它的。
have saved the United States $2 million in gas
為美國節省了200萬美元的天然氣
bills at the time, or around $33 million when
當時的鈔票,也就是3300萬左右的時候。
adjusted for inflation.
按通貨膨脹調整。
Turning on the lights an hour later may have saved
一個小時後再開燈,可能會救了你。
a lot of energy a hundred years ago,
百年前的能量很大。
but industrialization and technological advances
但工業化和技術進步
mean that lighting is a smaller part
意味著照明只是其中一小部分
of our overall energy consumption.
佔我國整體能源消耗的。
A 2017 study found that moving an hour of daylight
2017年的一項研究發現,移動一個小時的日光
to the evening reduced electricity usage by an
到晚上減少了一個用電量。
average of just 0.34%. Places further from the
平均只有0.34%。 離市區較遠的地方
equator, which experience the biggest change in
赤道的變化最大。
daylight, were more likely to save energy
日光下,更有可能節約能源
with daylight saving. But this was offset by
與日光節約。 但是,這一點被下列因素所抵消
countries closer to the equator.
靠近赤道的國家。
Longer sunlit evenings in hot countries usually
在炎熱的國家,較長的日照時間通常是
result in more time spent indoors, pushing up
導致更多的時間在室內度過,推高了。
electricity consumption due to the need for air
由於需要空氣而導致的電力消耗
conditioning and the growing number of
調理和越來越多的
household electronics.
家用電子產品。
The use of daylight saving continues to split opinion.
日光節約的使用仍然存在意見分歧。
Some countries are even divided about the annual
一些國家甚至對每年的
ritual within their borders.
儀式在其境內。
In the U.S., Hawaii and Arizona — states that
在美國,夏威夷和亞利桑那----------------------------------------------州
already get a lot of sunshine — are the
已經得到了很多的陽光----------------------------。
only two that haven't adopted daylight saving.
只有兩個沒有采用夏令時制的國家。
Within Arizona, however, it's even more confusing,
然而,在亞利桑那州內,這就更加混亂了。
as there are territories and reservations which
因為有些領土和保留地
don't have seasonal clock changes.
不要有季節性的時鐘變化。
There are also divides in Australia, where three
澳洲也有分界線,有三個
out of the eight states have not adopted daylight
八個州中有八個州還沒有采用日光法。
saving; Brazil, where daylight saving is only
節制;巴西的夏令時僅為1.5小時。
used in the south of the country which lies
嶺南
furthest from the equator; and Canada, where the
在離赤道最遠的地方;以及加拿大,那裡的
province of Saskatchewan doesn't have seasonal
季節性
clock changes, unlike the rest of the country.
時鐘的變化,與國內其他地區不同。
But the European Union is planning to keep things
但歐盟正計劃將事情
simple by getting rid of daylight saving altogether.
簡單地說,就是完全擺脫了夏令時。
In 2019, the European Parliament voted to scrap
2019年,歐洲議會投票決定取消。
daylight saving time across all member states from
所有成員國的夏令時,從
2021 following a poll showed EU residents
2021年,此前的一項民調顯示,歐盟居民
were keen on the move.
是熱衷於此舉。
However, supporters and critics of seasonal clock
然而,季節性時鐘的支持者和批評者都認為,季節性時鐘是一個很好的選擇。
changes are divided about its effects.
變化對其影響有分歧。
For instance, daylight saving reduces road
例如,日光節約減少了道路
traffic accidents — which are more likely to occur
交通事故--更容易發生
after dark — by an estimated 13% in
天黑後--估計增加了13%。
pedestrian fatalities and 3% fewer deaths among
行人的死亡人數減少了3%。
those traveling in vehicles. However, a study in the U.S.
乘坐車輛的人。 然而,美國的一項研究。
found that during the week immediately after the clocks
發現在時鐘之後的一週內
go back in the fall, there is an uptick
秋去秋來,有增無減
in fatal car crashes by 6%.
在致命車禍中減少6%。
Research has also shown that immediately after
研究還表明,緊接著
the clocks go forward in spring, the risk of heart
春天的時鐘前進,心臟的風險
attacks and strokes grows by 24%, which some
襲擊和中風增長了24%,有些人
attribute to the loss of an hour of sleep.
歸功於損失了一個小時的睡眠時間。
Conversely, when the clocks go back in autumn,
反之,當鐘聲回到秋天的時候。
the risk falls by 21%.
風險下降了21%。
And a study of people diagnosed with depression
而一項對被診斷為抑鬱症患者的研究顯示
found that the end of daylight saving time saw
發現,夏令時的結束,看到了
an 11% increase in depressive episodes,
抑鬱症發作率增加11%。
thought to be caused by disruption to sleep
被認為是由睡眠中斷引起的
patterns and darker evenings.
模式和較暗的夜晚。
Studies also suggest that daylight saving causes a
研究還表明,夏令時導致
fall in evening TV viewership and
晚間電視收視率下降和
increased physical activity. The brighter evenings are
增加體力活動。 明亮的夜晚是
also popular with retail businesses as it encourages
也受到零售企業的歡迎,因為它鼓勵
people to shop more in the sunlight.
人們要多在陽光下購物。
According to opinion polls, it's not the distribution of
根據民意調查,這不是分配的問題。
daylight hours that voters resent, but rather, the
選民所反感的白天時間,而不是選民所討厭的
one-hour transition itself which many
一個小時的過渡本身,許多
see as inconvenient.
認為不方便。
In both the U.S. and the U.K., surveys suggest
在美國和英國,有調查顯示。
significant opposition to the changing of the clocks.
大力反對改變時鐘。
The further you travel from the equator, the
你越是遠離赤道,就越是
greater the change in daylight hours between
晝夜變化越大
seasons and the significance of the
季節和意義。
impact of daylight saving increases. However, for
日光節約的影響增加。然而,對於
those countries furthest from the equator, cutting
最遠的國家,切斷了這些國家的交通。
short the mornings of already very short days
寒窗苦讀
in the winter would be extremely unpopular.
在冬天會極不受歡迎。
Although the EU'S switch away from seasonal clock
雖然歐盟從季節性時鐘的轉換中擺脫了
changes has been postponed due to
變化被延後,由於
the pandemic, the decision taken in the European
疫情的影響,以及歐洲議會作出的決定。
parliament suggests the move will happen soon.
議會表明,此舉將很快發生。
With around 80% of the global population not using
全球約80%的人口沒有使用
daylight saving time and many of the original reasons
日光節約時間和許多最初的原因。
for implementing the change no longer relevant, the clock
變化的原因不再是相關的,而是時鐘的問題。
appears to be ticking for daylight saving.
似乎是在為夏令時計時。
Hi guys, thanks for watching our video. We'd love for you
大家好,感謝觀看我們的視頻。我們希望您
to subscribe but before you do that we want to know your
但在您訂閱之前,我們想知道您的以下資訊
thoughts on daylight saving. Does it benefit you or does
關於夏令時的想法。它是否有利於你或
it hinder you? Do you get one more hour of sleep or
它妨礙了你?你是多睡一個小時還是
do you have to go to school in the dark?
你一定要在黑暗中上學嗎?
Comment below the video to let us know
在視頻下方評論,讓我們知道
and we'll see you next time.
我們下次再見