the pressures of the pandemic quite as keenly

as the world's ports.

A boom in manufacturing and strong demand

for consumer durables during the second half of last year

have led to logjams on the world's major shipping routes,

running from east Asia to the US and Europe.

These have only been exacerbated by the Suez Canal blockage

last month.

Freight costs have soared.

At the start of the year, for example,

the cost of shipping goods from China to Europe

more than quadrupled, hitting record highs.

Containers are in short supply, and ports, usually

conduits of world trade, are operating more

like storage facilities.

The rebounding cargo volumes have been so strong

that the total figures for the year

are barely down on their 2019 levels,

despite the collapse in trade during the spring

when the pandemic first hit.

The scale of the recovery has led

to severe delays in the time it takes ships to dock,

for containers to make it onto shore,

and then onto their final destination.

At the Port of Los Angeles, the busiest in the US,

containers currently wait for six days

to be unloaded compared with the usual two.

Loading bays, meanwhile, are operating beyond full capacity.

Longshoremen and women from the US West Coast to Singapore

have been hit hard by outbreaks of the virus.

Some 90 per cent of the Asian city-state's cases

have occurred in migrant workers who live in cramped conditions,

despite being essential to the running of the port.

Those who are working are made less productive

by distancing and cleanliness requirements put in place

to protect against the virus.

The pressures are set to ease in the coming months.

Many workers have already received the first vaccine

shots, and as economies reopen, demand for consumer durables

is set to be superseded by spending on services.

That's likely to lead to a drop in exports,

as people ditch their Pelotons and PlaysSations,

and instead splurge on eating out and events.

Till then though, it's full steam ahead.