So they might be your DNA, your fingerprints,

所以它們可能是你的DNA，你的指紋。

iris scans or retinal patterns.

虹膜掃描或視網膜模式。

We are always leaving digital traces wherever we go,

我們無論走到哪裡都會留下數字痕跡。

and we can never be truly offline.

而我們永遠不可能真正脫機。

There's always the suggestion that collecting vast amounts of biometrics

總有一種說法是，收集大量的生物識別技術

is going to be used for something nefarious.

將會被用於一些邪惡的事情。

But it can actually create some incredibly positive situations.

但它實際上可以創造一些令人難以置信的積極情況。

So there's a saying in Chinese -

所以在中國有一句話--

if you haven't done anything wrong, why would you be scared of ghosts?

如果你沒有做錯任何事，為什麼你會害怕鬼？

Businesses are typically designed to make money

企業的目的通常是為了賺錢

and they will not have, in general,

和他們不會有，一般來說。

as much interest in protecting your rights.

對保護你的權利有同樣大的興趣。

You are very much the product.

你是非常多的產品。

Fingerprints are something that were used

指紋是一種被使用的東西

in very, very early Chinese pottery, for example.

例如，在非常、非常早期的中國陶器中。

Where the potter would leave their fingerprint in the wet clay.

在那裡，陶工會在溼粘土中留下他們的指紋。

If you watch television and you read all these forensic fiction,

如果你看電視，你讀所有這些法醫小說。

fingerprints solve everything and the honest truth is they don't.

指紋可以解決一切問題，而誠實的事實是它們不能解決。

The fingerprint in isolation has no value

孤立的指紋沒有任何價值

in telling you who the person is

在告訴你這個人是誰

until you have something to compare it with.

直到你有東西可以與之比較。

DNA is still the gold standard

DNA仍然是黃金標準

when we can identify the source of the DNA, whose DNA it is.

當我們能夠確定DNA的來源，即它是誰的DNA。

What we're not very good at understanding

我們不善於理解的是

is how did it get there?

是它是如何到達那裡的？

So how did your DNA get on to the knife?

那麼，你的DNA是如何到刀上的？

Is it because you used the knife to stab somebody?

是因為你用這把刀刺傷了別人嗎？

Or is it because you shook hands with somebody

還是因為你和某人握過手？

who used the knife to stab somebody?

誰用刀刺傷了別人？

If you look at the little skin creases

如果你看一下皮膚上的小褶皺

that you have over your knuckles,

你的指關節上有的。

they're different on every finger,

它們在每個手指上都是不同的。

they're different across your two hands,

它們在你的兩隻手上是不同的。

they're different on identical twins.

它們在同卵雙胞胎身上是不同的。

And when infrared light shines on your veins

而當紅外光照射在你的血管上時

it interacts with the deoxygenated blood

它與脫氧的血液相互作用

and your veins stand out like black tramlines.

而你的血管像黑色的電車線一樣突出。

There is a really strong chance that the hand

有一個非常大的機會，那就是手

and of all the biometrics that we can see in the hand

在我們能看到的所有生物識別技術中，在手部

may well be that 'holy grail' that we search for

很可能是我們尋找的 "聖盃"。

which is, it's unique.

這就是，它是獨一無二的。

So there is a global trend across the world

是以，世界各地都有一個全球趨勢

where computers collect more data.

其中計算機收集更多的數據。

And therefore governments and corporations

是以，政府和公司

are locked in a race where they're trying to collect

被鎖定在一場比賽中，他們試圖收集

a mass amount of identifying information.

大量的識別資訊。

Gathering data about people who live in a city or who live in a borough

收集居住在一個城市或居住在一個區的人的數據

is now a critical part of the functioning government.

現在是政府運作的一個關鍵部分。

If you want to allocate your resources properly

如果你想適當地分配你的資源

you need the data.

你需要這些數據。

Wouldn't it just be wonderful

這不是很好嗎？

if you could put your hand or your finger on whatever devices,

如果你能把你的手或你的手指放在任何設備上。

it knows exactly who you are,

它完全知道你是誰。

it knows exactly what your health statistics are,

它確切地知道你的健康統計數字是什麼。

what the probability is of you catching cancer

你染上癌症的概率是多少？

because of the gene that you've got -

因為你所擁有的基因 --

the options are just limitless.

選擇是無限的。

Netflix released what they thought was

Netflix發佈了他們認為是

anonymised records of movie watching,

匿名的電影觀看記錄。

and their aim was to try and improve their recommendation algorithms.

而他們的目的是試圖改進他們的推薦算法。

In other words, if you've watched movies A, B and C

換句話說，如果你看了電影A、B和C

you're really quite likely to enjoy watching movie D.

你真的很有可能喜歡看電影D。

Unfortunately researchers quickly realised

不幸的是，研究人員很快意識到

they were able to cross-reference these anonymous records with IMDB,

他們能夠將這些匿名記錄與IMDB進行交叉對比。

which is an online movie rating service.

這是一個在線電影評級服務。

And once you can identify who someone is

而一旦你能確定某人是誰

you can work out their sexual preferences

你可以計算出他們的性偏好

to some degree of probability.

到一定程度的概率。

It would be taking in all sorts of data from local government,

它將從地方政府吸收各種數據。

from your schools, from your workplaces,

從你們的學校，從你們的工作場所。

from your companies, where you go, your GPS data -

從你的公司，你去的地方，你的GPS數據 -

putting it into one single score

歸納為一個單一的分數

which evaluates how trustworthy - in quotation marks - you are.

它評估了你的可信度--用引號表示--。

Like an Uber score

像優步的分數

where, with a lower credit score,

其中，信用分數較低。

you might not be able to borrow money,

你可能無法借到錢。

you might not be able to travel on public transport.

你可能無法乘坐公共交通工具。

We're always in a cyber-physical space.

我們總是處於網絡物理空間。

Every place we go to will have some cyber element around it.

我們去的每個地方都會有一些網絡元素圍繞著它。

There'll be cameras capturing information.

會有攝像頭捕捉資訊。

There'll be things that are connecting to your phone

會有一些東西連接到你的手機上

that you may or may not be aware of.

你可能知道也可能不知道的。

We are always leaving digital traces wherever we go

我們無論走到哪裡都會留下數字痕跡

and we can never be truly offline.

而我們永遠不可能真正脫機。

In Shenzhen, when you're crossing the road,

在深圳，當你過馬路的時候。

there are CCTV cameras that use facial recognition

有閉路電視攝影機，使用面部識別

to see if you're jaywalking or not

看你是否亂穿馬路

and then identifying who that citizen is

然後確定該公民是誰

and then sometimes you'll be displayed on a big billboard

然後有時你會被顯示在一個大廣告牌上

on the other side of the road in a sort of 'name and shame' action.

在路的另一邊，有一種 "點名責備 "的行動。

What happens in China and in other countries

在中國和其他國家發生的事情

is a cautionary lesson for all of us

是對我們所有人的一個警示性教訓

that unless you have proper regulation

除非你有適當的監管

the gathering of your data is a real danger to our human rights.

收集你的數據是對我們人權的真正威脅。

The landscape is continually changing.

景觀是不斷變化的。

Who would have thought ten years ago

十年前，誰會想到

we'd have had all this collection that we have now?

我們會有現在的這些收藏嗎？

Who would have thought about

誰會想到

the ways data can be used and abused.

數據可以被使用和濫用的方式。

So regulation is always chasing where we are

是以，監管總是在追趕我們的位置

with the current technology.

與目前的技術。

If they provide you with pages and pages of terms and conditions

如果他們向你提供了幾頁幾頁的條款和條件

well, that's transparent, so we can all read those.

嗯，這是透明的，所以我們都可以讀到這些。

However do we really have the time and the knowledge

然而，我們真的有時間和知識嗎？

to read all of those?

要閱讀所有的這些？

No.

沒有。

So are we really in a situation where it's not transparent

那麼，我們是否真的處於一種不透明的情況呢？

but it's apparent to us?

但它對我們來說是明顯的？

Are we aware?

我們意識到了嗎？

Biometric data is very personal.

生物識別數據是非常個人化的。

It's your data because it's about you.

這是你的數據，因為它是關於你的。

They're your fingerprints or it's your DNA.

它們是你的指紋，或者是你的DNA。

Once it's given away it is incredibly hard,

一旦送出去，就會令人難以置信地難受。

if not impossible, to take it back.

如果不是不可能的話，也要把它收回來。

I have a real conflict

我有一個真正的衝突

between how much of my information I want to share

在我想分享多少我的資訊之間做出選擇

and how much information I want to have available to me

以及我希望有多少資訊可供我使用

when I go to a crime scene.

當我去犯罪現場的時候。

I want to be able to find the pieces of DNA,

我希望能夠找到DNA的碎片。

I want to be able to find the fingerprints.

我希望能夠找到指紋。

I want to be able to get every single bit of information I can

我希望能夠獲得每一個資訊，我可以

to make sure justice is served.

以確保正義得到伸張。

But of course here I am, sitting in the middle of that crime scene,

但當然，我在這裡，坐在那個犯罪現場的中間。

not wanting to give mine.

不願給我的。

That old saying,

那句老話。

if you have nothing to hide you have nothing to fear -

如果你沒有什麼可隱藏的，你就沒有什麼可害怕的 --

that kind of approach doesn't value our privacy.

這種做法並不重視我們的隱私。

If the government said,

如果政府說。

"We're going to put a camera in every single bedroom in the country

"我們要在全國每間臥室都安裝一個攝像頭

that would film what happens in your bedroom,

這將拍攝你臥室裡發生的事情。

but we assure you we will only turn it on if we think there's suspicion."

但我們向你保證，只有在我們認為有嫌疑的情況下，我們才會打開它。"

I think most members of the public would say,

我想大多數公眾會說。

"I don't have anything to hide

"我沒有什麼可隱藏的

but this is my bedroom, this is private."

但這是我的臥室，這是隱私。"

In reality, there are so many ways to gather data about you nowadays

在現實中，現在有很多方法可以收集關於你的數據

and it can give as detailed information, in some ways, about you

在某些方面，它可以提供關於你的詳細信息

as if you were having a camera in your bedroom.

就像你的臥室裡有一個攝像頭一樣。

Large size datasets or databases are incredibly useful

大規模的數據集或數據庫是非常有用的

but the critical thing is that they are correctly used.

但關鍵是要正確地使用它們。

That's going to be a very, very big question that we need to resolve

這將是我們需要解決的一個非常、非常大的問題。

as this digital word really starts to accelerate around us.

隨著這個數字詞真正開始在我們周圍加速發展。