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Tokyo; December 10th, 1968.

It was pouring rain.

The bank manager of the Nihon Trust bank was on edge.

Someone had threatened his life and those around him

over the past few months.

Just four days prior, a letter, one of recent many,

was sent to his personal residence demanding 300 million yen

or his house would be blown up with dynamite.

The letter was made up of characters cut out and

pasted from movie magazines.

Police were notified; and indeed they kept a close eye

on the bank and his home; though,

this did not ease the mind of the bank manager who

shared his concerns with his branch employees.

Now of course, this is Japan, and work is work;

the show must go on.

With this in mind, the bank manager went on with his

duties, sending four of his employees to the nearby

Toshiba factory to make a scheduled drop.

So off they went, taking the company car,

but not long after leaving the bank,

the four heard police sirens approaching.

At that very moment they happened to be next

to a prison of all places.

A police officer screeched to a halt in front of

the car, and frantically got off his motorcycle

to warn them.

The branch manager's home had just been blown up,

people were injured; and some presumably worse.

Despite police monitoring the locations,

the perpetrator was still able to carry out his threat.

But it wasn't over, additional threats were made.

The bank in particular was now a target and branch

employees were at risk, especially those who had

left the bank earlier to carry out bank duties in

clearly-marked company cars.

Their car needed to be searched.

The officer got down underneath to check the car,

but before he could do a proper search, an employee

started noticing smoke and flames emerging from the vehicle.

Fearing the car was about to explode,

the officer desperately tried to roll out of the way.

Everyone ran as fast as they could to safety,

retreating behind the prison walls.

They waited and waited for the explosion.

But there was no explosion.

They looked back, and realized the company car was gone.

The police officer was gone.

Had he moved the car to safety?

Confused, they called the Nihon Trust bank to find out

what was going on.

To their relief, the bank manager answered;

he was alive and well.

In fact, everything was fine there;

the bank manager's home was never blown up.

As the adrenaline wore off, it finally dawned on them

what had happened.

This was the moment the perpetrator had been setting

up the past few months.

Disguised as a police officer,

he had now gotten away with what was to be the bonus

payments of 523 Toshiba employees;

the stolen amount totaled to 300 million yen

or six million dollars, the exact amount he had asked for.

On the ground they found various items left behind

including a warning flare that the officer must have

ignited while under the car, to mimic dynamite.

A reported 120 pieces of evidence was left behind at

the crime scene, which is a lot and would normally be

beneficial, but this was purposely done

to mislead the investigation.

This worked.

Half a century later, the case remains unsolved.

Some say this was the greatest heist in Japanese

history; there was no loss of life, no blood spilt;

the plan meticulously carried out by a single

person; and in the end the money taken;

but there are many ways a bank heist can be great,

there are many ways it can be notable.

Take the case on May 15th, 2016.

At around 5:00 a.m. in the early hours,

cash was physically withdrawn from an ATM

from a Tokyo 7-Eleven.

The amount was a 100,000 yen, about $880,

which was the cash limit.

Now, this doesn't seem too bad;

but try repeating this 14,000 times across Japan

in the span of just two hours.

Because that is exactly what happened.

In total, 1.4 billion yen, about 13 million dollars,

was taken from ATMs alone;

and this wasn't done electronically.

It was done in person.

Sure, it had to have been some sort of a large

coordinated group, but the staggering number of

transactions in a two hour frame

made even this seem questionable.

Compared to other notable cases,

the largest known recorded number of participants to

have been involved in a single heist,

wouldn't have been able to pull this off either;

unless they had super powers.

Involving an even larger team would presumably be

unwise, as there'd be too many chefs in the kitchen.

Now after police completed their painstaking process of

checking security footage from each 7-Eleven store

and yeah it was only 7-Elevens hit,

they found their answer.

In this particular case, the more chefs the better.

It wasn't a team of 50, or 100, or even 200.

It was 600 people.

600 people pulling off a sophisticated,

highly-coordinated heist using fake credit cards.

Quite the contrast from the single perpetrator

of our first heist.

Not surprisingly, people have surmised with this many

active participants, there must have been links to a

large crime organization.

But as of today, despite the numbers,

no one of note has been caught.

Now here's a quick one.

Kobe.

August 7th, 1994.

540 million yen was stolen from Fukutoku Bank;

which is a sizeable amount, but what makes this story so

unique is that 10 days after the heist,

the bank, still reeling from the events, received a note

from the robbers.

The note read Thank you very much for the bonus.

We can now live on this loot for the rest of our lives.

It was a sincere message of gratitude.

Yeah we all know the reputation Japanese people

have for being polite but this took it to another level.

So, the last three cases involved plans being

executed perfectly with no loss of life,

but not the case with the next one.

We're going way back.

January 26th, 1948.

Again in Tokyo; a man in his forties walked into a branch

of the Imperial Bank, just before closing time.

16 people were inside including customers and bank workers.

He got everyone's attention and explained

he was a government health inspector sent

by the US occupation authorities.

Remember, this was postwar Tokyo,

still under US occupation.

The man stated there was a sudden outbreak of dysentery

in the area, and he was to carry out inoculations.

In postwar Tokyo, the disease was a legitimate

threat so no one really doubted him, add to the fact

the man wearing an official government armband.

He gave all 16 people a pill,

and a few drops of liquid, which they quickly drank.

Now, it wasn't long, until they fell, one by one; in agony.

With everyone incapacitated, the so-called health inspector

grabbed all the money he could find,

and calmly left.

12 of the 16 people would later be confirmed dead,

including a young child.

The solution they drank was a cyanide solution.

This was a ruthless way to go about a heist;

but what made this even more strange was that the man

left behind a business card; he left it at the scene.

The card was marked with the name Shigeru Matsui,

apparently from the Department of Disease Prevention;

which does make sense since he was

pretending to be a health official.

But Shigeru Matsui turned out

to be a real person, who actually worked

for the Department of Disease Prevention.

Not surprisingly, upon investigation Matsui was cleared,

he was not the robber, he had several alibis.

But he told police he had exchanged business cards

with 593 individuals.

Japanese people have the habit of exchanging business

cards with personal details; so this was helpful,

as police now had 593 suspects.

Over time, they were able to whittle down this number to

just eight cards, eight suspects,

one of which was a man named Sadamichi Hirasawa,

a Japanese painter.

When Hirasawa was questioned and asked to produce the

card of Shigeru Matsui's which he should have had;

he could not.

He claimed it must have been in his wallet which was

stolen the other day.

He was a victim of pickpocketing.

Of course, police had a feeling they knew exactly

where the card was.

When asked to produce an alibi, he could not.

When police looked into his history,

they found four previous cases of bank fraud.

When they searched his possession,

they found a similar amount of money to that stolen from

the bank, Hirasawa suspiciously refused to

divulge how he got the money.

Finally, when his face was shown to eye witnesses,

they immediately identified him as the poisoner.

Upon further interrogation, Hirasawa confessed.

He was arrested for the robbery and the murders;

and in 1950, he was given the death penalty, he was

sent to death row to await execution by hanging.

Case closed.

Or is it?

Because after the trial, some had doubts whether

Sadamichi Hirasawa was indeed the perpetrator.

Everything mentioned was circumstantial.

In fact, it was revealed his confession was viciously

beaten out of him; allegedly tortured;

and it was only two of the eyewitnesses who identified

him as the criminal.

Perhaps he was telling the truth.

Perhaps he was really a victim

of pickpocketing as he claimed.

The unexplained origin of the money in his possession

was also thought by some to be from his side business of

drawing pornographic pictures, revealing this

truth to police, and to the public, would have been

detrimental to his reputation as an artist.

There was also no way Hirasawa could have

realistically obtained the ingredients for what turned

out to be a military grade cyanide solution

used in the robbery.

Interestingly, some have claimed that the true

culprit was actually a former member of the

notorious Unit 731; a covert biological and chemical

warfare research and development unit of the

Imperial Japanese Army; that undertook lethal human

experimentation during wartime.

If so, this would explain the accessibility to the poison.

The Minister of Justice himself doubted Hirasawa's

guilt and so never signed the death warrant.

This opinion was shared by successive Ministers of Justice,

so the death sentence was never actually carried out.

And so Hirasawa sat in prison, on death row,

for the next 32 years of his life,

one of the longest tenures ever on death row.

And on May 10th, 1987, he caught pneumonia and died in

a prison hospital.

Despite the verdict, the case was never truly put to

rest, and many people felt that the true culprit,

all those years ago, would have been within grasp if

only the focus was on the right person.

This brutality happened in 1948, but 70 years on,

there would emerge a new type of heist.

January 25th, 2018.