Now in this lesson you will see a, I'll practice listening section, Pay attention carefully, listen and answer the questions now.

Watch, listen and learn.

Now.

Turn to section two.

Take some time to look at questions 11-16, listening.

Section two, you will hear a recording of a radio news magazine discussing the importance of doing good in the community.

Now listen carefully to the interview And Answions Questions 11 - 16.

Hello, I'm Emma Robertson and I'd like to welcome our listeners to beyond the lens, the program that aims to dig deeper on issues in culture and society.

Today we have Professor Hudson McMahon from the University of bristol's Department of Social Policy.

Hello Professor McMahon, Do you want to tell us a little about what you'll be presenting today?

Of course, Emma, but first I'd like to thank you for having me on the show.

My wife and I are both avid listeners of beyond lens and it's a bit of a thrill to be on the show.

But I digress today.

I want to talk about the importance of doing good in the community and in society.

There are many ways of doing this, But the two most common ways of volunteering and giving to charity.

However, these methods of improving community in society have an important difference While volunteering once time is almost always a positive for society.

Given to charity is significantly more problematic problematic.

Professor McMahon, it would seem to me that giving to charity is always a positive for society.

We celebrate those among us who are the greatest owners to charity.

Yes, and in general it is warranted.

I do want to clarify in general, given to charity is good, but one must be very careful for two reasons.

First, some charities do not do sufficient amounts of charitable good per pound and second, some charities received too much money that could be spent better on all the causes.

Let me discuss each of these.

In turn, this seems to me a rather radical thesis.

It seems that way, but I hope to convince you otherwise by the end of the program.

Now getting back to charities, some cherries simply do not give a lot of their received monies to the actual performance of good acts.

For instance, some charities utilize less than 10% of their donations on actual charitable activities.

The rest goes to salaries, promotion and other overhead costs.

So for a donation of £100 it may be the case that less than £10 actually goes to helping someone.

That sounds terrible, but it still helps people right?

Well, yes, but as charitable givers, we should try and reward those charities who do most good with the least amount of money by that.

I mean that those thinking of donating to charity should do research on a charity before giving to the cause.

There are other charities where more than 50% of donations go to the end, cause these charities are much more deserving of your patronage.

You now have some time to look at questions 17-20.

Now, listen to the rest of the interview And Answions Questions 17 - 20.

Another reason to be discerning when it comes to your choice of charities is what I call the relative utility of a charitable donation.

Hmm.

Let me take a guess here.

Professor McMahon is the relative utility of a donation, how much good it does relative to other donations.

That's just about it.

Emma, the relative utility of a donation is how much good a donation does amount spent, for instance, the disease, M and D motor neuron disease was in the news in recent years and M and D charities received a windfall of donations.

This sounds all well and good, but there is a problem.

Unlike, say, heart disease, mm.

D does not affect very many people.

While it would be wonderful to cure the disease, there are better allocations of our limited charity funds.

Wait.

So you're saying it was bad for people to give to em and d charities not quite only that it was sub optimal because there's a limited supply of money given to charity each year.

It is important that it is used at least somewhat optimally and allocating overwhelming amounts of money to a disease that affects very low percentage of people is extremely suboptimal.

That's very interesting, Professor McMahon.

So how can our listeners try and optimist their charitable gifts first of all, don't be caught up in viral social media campaigns.

Instead use such moments to remind yourself of the importance of giving to charity in general and not just a niche causes with good promotion And second, do your research before you donate, look up how much of the charities donation go to the actual end goal.

Additionally, look up how many people are affected by the charities and cause the more people there are affected and the worst they are affected, the more likely you should be to donate to their cause.

It is all about maximizing good in the world.

That certainly sounds like a noble goal, but if everyone donates That is the end of section two Now turn to section three, Take some time to look at questions.