will protect me from the virus."

將保護我免受病毒侵害。"

The problem is that people who wear these masks

問題是，戴這些面具的人

usually don't wear them properly.

通常不正確地穿著它們。

Syra Madad: "The coronavirus came from bat soup."

西拉-馬達德："冠狀病毒來自蝙蝠湯"。

[Morse sighs]

[莫爾斯嘆氣]

That is absolutely not correct.

這絕對是不正確的。

Morse: "The coronavirus was deliberately

莫爾斯："冠狀病毒是故意的

created or released."

創造或釋放"。

Madad: Giving humans a little bit too much credit here.

馬達德。在這裡給人類的評價有點太高了。

Hi, I'm Dr. Syra Madad.

你好，我是西拉-馬達德博士。

I am the senior director of

我是 "中國 "的高級主管。

New York City Health + Hospitals'

紐約市衛生+醫院的

System-wide Special Pathogens Program.

全系統的特殊病原體計劃。

Morse: And I'm Dr. Stephen Morse,

莫爾斯。我是斯蒂芬-莫爾斯博士。

professor of epidemiology at the Mailman School

梅爾曼學院的流行病學教授

of Public Health, Columbia University.

哥倫比亞大學公共衛生學院。

We're here to debunk myths about the coronavirus.

我們在這裡揭穿關於冠狀病毒的神話。

Madad: Let's get started.

馬達德。讓我們開始吧。

"Getting the coronavirus is a death sentence."

"獲得冠狀病毒是一種死亡判決"。

Well, there's a lot we still don't know

嗯，有很多我們仍然不知道的事情

about the coronavirus disease,

關於冠狀病毒疾病。

but based on the data that is coming out,

但基於正在出現的數據。

it seems to be a mild type of viral infection.

這似乎是一種溫和的病毒感染。

There's a 2% fatality rate

有2%的致死率

and about 18% to 20% that may be in,

以及約18%至20%的人可能在。

kind of in the critical condition range.

處於危急狀態的那種。

Morse: And those 2% who die are the sickest.

莫爾斯。而那些死去的2%的人是最病態的。

They're in the hospital already.

他們已經在醫院了。

So even those in the hospital have probably

是以，即使是那些在醫院的人也可能有

a 98% chance of surviving.

有98%的機會存活。

So it's not a death sentence. I agree.

所以這不是一個死刑判決。我同意。

Madad: It is not a death sentence.

馬達德：這不是一個死刑判決。

Morse: "Only Chinese people have the coronavirus."

莫爾斯："只有中國人有冠狀病毒。"

Well, it started in China, but the reality is

嗯，它開始於中國，但現實是

that it's everyone's virus.

它是每個人的病毒。

And if it gets far enough, just like the flu,

如果它變得足夠遠，就像流感一樣。

it could be anywhere.

它可能在任何地方。

Madad: Infectious disease do not respect

馬達德：傳染病不受尊重

boundaries or borders,

界限或邊界。

and, for that matter, everyone is susceptible.

就這一點而言，每個人都容易受到影響。

"The coronavirus is the most dangerous virus."

"冠狀病毒是最危險的病毒"。

That is not true.

這不是真的。

There are a number of different viruses

有許多不同的病毒

out there in the world.

在這個世界上。

So, let's just compare it to another type of virus.

是以，讓我們把它與另一種類型的病毒相比。

So, you have the Ebola virus disease,

所以，你有埃博拉病毒疾病。

which has a much higher fatality rate associated with it.

這與它的死亡率高得多。

Morse: I think the official count is now

莫爾斯：我想現在的官方統計是

6,000 recoveries.

6,000次回收。

But, you know, one of the funny things

但是，你知道，其中一個有趣的事情是

is that we don't usually report recoveries

是，我們通常不報告恢復情況

when someone is discharged from the hospital.

當某人出院時。

So all those recoveries, probably there are

是以，所有這些恢復，可能有

many more on the way as well.

還有許多正在進行中。

"Wearing a mask will protect me from the virus."

"戴上口罩可以保護我免受病毒侵害。"

A lot of people like to think so.

很多人都喜歡這麼想。

And, of course, a mask gives you a sense of security.

當然，面具也會給你帶來安全感。

But the problem is that people who wear these masks

但問題是，戴這些面具的人

usually don't wear them properly.

通常不正確地穿著它們。

They've never really been trained.

他們從來沒有真正接受過訓練。

They may not know what kind of mask to wear.

他們可能不知道該戴什麼樣的面具。

Madad: So, there's two types of masks:

馬達德。所以，有兩種類型的面具。

One, the simple or surgical mask

一、簡易或外科口罩

that you see the general population wearing.

你看到一般人都會穿的。

And then there's another type of mask

然後還有另一種類型的面具

that healthcare workers wear.

醫護人員佩戴的。

It's called the N95 mask, and it's a respirator,

它被稱為N95口罩，是一種呼吸器。

and it is able to filter particles that are airborne

它能夠過濾空氣中的微粒。

with 95% efficacy.

療效達95%。

And the one that healthcare workers wear,

還有醫護人員穿的那件。

they have to go through what we call fit testing.

他們必須通過我們所說的適應性測試。

And so to make sure they have a perfect seal.

是以要確保他們有一個完美的密封。

Morse: People who may think they wanna wear an N95

莫爾斯。那些可能認為自己想戴上N95的人

find it very uncomfortable after a while.

一段時間後發現它非常不舒服。

So even if it's well fit,

是以，即使它很適合。

it's then especially hard to breathe through.

然後特別難以呼吸。

Madad: And the mask is really for those that are infected

馬達德。而口罩實際上是為那些被感染的人準備的。

with the actual coronavirus disease,

與實際的冠狀病毒疾病。

not so much for a healthy individual.

對於一個健康的人來說，就不是那麼回事了。

So things that actually proven to be effective

是以，實際證明有效的事情

is washing your hands often,

是經常洗手。

you know, 20 seconds,

你知道，20秒。

as well as obviously, if you're sick, staying home.

以及顯然，如果你生病了，就呆在家裡。

So, a number of other public health measures

是以，其他一些公共衛生措施

that actually are proven to be extremely effective.

這實際上被證明是非常有效的。

"The coronavirus came from bat soup."

"冠狀病毒來自於蝙蝠湯"。

[Morse sighs]

[莫爾斯嘆氣]

That is absolutely not correct.

這絕對是不正確的。

So, what we know about the current coronavirus disease

那麼，我們對目前冠狀病毒疾病的瞭解是什麼？

is that it started in Wuhan province in China

是在中國的武漢省開始的

in a wet market or seafood market, if you will,

在一個溼貨市場或海鮮市場，如果你願意的話。

where there's a number of different animals there.

在那裡有許多不同的動物。

So there's a couple of different speculations out there,

是以，外面有幾種不同的猜測。

but not from somebody obviously consuming bat soup.

但不是來自明顯飲用了蝙蝠湯的人。

But what we do know, obviously, is that once

但我們所知道的，顯然是，一旦

you actually get the coronavirus disease,

你實際上得到了冠狀病毒疾病。

the form of transmission

傳播的形式

is obviously through droplet spread.

顯然是通過液滴傳播。

So coming in contact with somebody that is sick

是以，與生病的人接觸

with the coronavirus disease, close contact with them,

患有冠狀病毒疾病，與他們密切接觸。

or, you know, contact with

或者，你知道，與

their droplets right shortly after.

他們的液滴就在不久之後。

Morse: "You can get sick from a package sent from China."

莫爾斯："從中國寄來的包裹可以讓你生病。"

I think it's really highly unlikely,

我認為這真的非常不可能。

when you consider the time it takes

當你考慮到它需要的時間

for a package to get from China.

為一個包裹從中國得到。

Madad: And right now what we do know is that obviously

馬達德。而現在我們所知道的是，顯然

these droplets that can contain the virion,

這些飛沫可以包含病毒體。

or the virus itself,

或病毒本身。

it may not be able to survive

不一定能活下來

outside the human body for very long.

在人體外的時間非常長。

So even if it may, for example, come on a package or a box,

是以，即使它可能，例如，出現在一個包裝或一個盒子上。

depending on how long it's been there,

取決於它在那裡有多長時間。

it may not actually be able to survive outside.

它實際上可能無法在外面生存。

But we still don't know.

但我們仍然不知道。

"Closing borders will stop the spread of the virus."

"關閉邊界將阻止病毒的傳播。"

These types of respiratory viruses,

這些類型的呼吸道病毒。

they don't respect borders as we know.

正如我們所知，他們不尊重邊界。

And it's not the fault of a government

而且這不是政府的錯

that this type of outbreak is starting or spreading.

這種類型的疫情正在開始或蔓延。

It's just the nature of the virus itself.

這只是病毒本身的性質。

Travel bans historically have proven

歷史上，旅行禁令已被證明是

not to be very effective.

不是很有效。

In fact, you know, it seems that it was the opposite.

事實上，你知道，似乎是相反的。

They caused more fear, make more chaos.

他們引起了更多的恐懼，製造了更多的混亂。

People were reluctant to actually come forward

人們不願意真正站出來

with actually reporting that they had the illness.

與實際報告他們有這種疾病。

Morse: A lot of it is perception, and with travel bans,

莫爾斯。很多都是觀念問題，而且有旅行禁令。

a lot of it, politicians particularly I hate to say,

很多，特別是政治家，我不想說。

like to do that because it gives

喜歡這樣做，因為它給

the appearance of doing something,

做事的樣子。

but it is often counterproductive.

但它往往適得其反。

Madad: The federal government does state nonessential travel

馬達德。聯邦政府確實規定了非必要的旅行

should be restricted, obviously, to mainland China.

顯然，應該限制在中國大陸。

That's the epicenter, and that's where there's

那是震中，那是有

a lot of community transmission.

大量的社區傳輸。

But outside of China, where you may see

但在中國以外的地區，你可能會看到

there's over two dozen countries

有超過二十個國家

that actually are reporting to have coronavirus disease,

實際上正在報告有冠狀病毒疾病的。

if there is no community transmission,

如果沒有社區傳輸。

there is, obviously, no risk to the general public.

顯然，對一般公眾沒有風險。

But continue to look

但要繼續尋找

at Centers for Disease Control's website.

在疾病控制中心的網站上。

They have a travel health advisory section,

他們有一個旅遊健康諮詢部分。

and that you can actually go to and put the name

而你實際上可以去把名字放在

of the country, and it'll tell you the precautions.

的國家，它會告訴你預防措施。

And as well as go to your healthcare provider,

還有就是去找你的保健醫生。

they can provide some travel guidance to you

他們可以向你提供一些旅行指導

if you need to travel to various areas

如果你需要到各個地區旅行

that may be reporting outbreaks of coronavirus disease.

可能報告爆發冠狀病毒疾病的。

Morse: "The virus only affects older people."

莫爾斯："這種病毒隻影響到老年人。"

Well, that's kind of half true.

嗯，這有點半真半假。

It affects everybody, even children.

它影響到每個人，甚至是兒童。

The older people, however, are the ones

然而，年長的人是

who are more likely to have severe disease

更有可能患有嚴重疾病的人

or more serious disease.

或更嚴重的疾病。

So all of us older people have to be careful,

所以我們所有的老年人都必須小心。

but it affects everybody.

但它影響到每個人。

And even the older people, most of us

而即使是老年人，我們中的大多數人

will probably not even be that sick.

可能甚至不會有那麼多病。

Madad: "The coronavirus is the same as SARS."

馬達德："冠狀病毒與SARS相同"。

So, the coronavirus is in the same family as SARS.

是以，冠狀病毒與SARS屬於同一家族。

It's a coronavirus disease.

這是一種冠狀病毒疾病。

There are two various, and now three coronaviruses,

有兩種不同的，現在有三種冠狀病毒。

known to cause more severe infections in humans.

已知會導致人類更嚴重的感染。

SARS is one of them.

SARS就是其中之一。

MERS, which is Middle East respiratory syndrome,

MERS，也就是中東呼吸綜合徵。

is another one.

是另一個。

And now coronavirus disease that just started obviously.

而現在冠狀病毒疾病顯然剛剛開始。

SARS was more severe in terms of

SARS在以下方面更為嚴重

the fatality rate that was reported.

所報告的死亡率。

So it's about 10% versus, with the coronavirus,

是以，與冠狀病毒相比，大約是10%。

what we're seeing right now is about a 2%,

我們現在看到的是大約2%。

but still it's way too early to tell.

但現在判斷還為時過早。

Morse: This one is different.

莫爾斯：這一次是不同的。

This spreads a lot more like the flu,

這種傳播方式更像流感。

but there are so many more cases

但還有很多案例

simply because it's spread so well

僅僅因為它傳播得很好

so many more people can easily get infected.

所以更多的人可以很容易地被感染。

Large numbers of deaths doesn't necessarily mean

大量的死亡不一定意味著

that it's a very lethal virus.

這是一種非常致命的病毒。

It just means that a lot of people have been getting it,

這只是意味著有很多人已經得到了它。

and some of them unfortunately die.

而其中一些人不幸死亡。

Madad: And let's just take seasonal flu, for example.

馬達德。我們就以季節性流感為例。

Seasonal flu this year started in October,

今年的季節性流感在10月開始。

and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

和疾病控制和預防中心

are already reporting over 10,000 deaths,

已經報告有超過10,000人死亡。

you know, related to seasonal flu.

你知道，與季節性流感有關。

And over again, you know,

而且一遍又一遍，你知道。

20 million Americans being infected.

2000萬美國人被感染了。

So let's just put things into context.

是以，讓我們把事情放在背景中。

Morse: "The coronavirus has something

莫爾斯："冠狀病毒有一些東西

to do with Corona beer."

與科羅娜啤酒有關。"

[Morse laughing]

[莫爾斯笑著說]

No, and beer won't prevent it, either.

不，啤酒也不會阻止它。

So, "corona" is simply Latin for "crown,"

是以，"corona "只是拉丁語中的 "皇冠"。

and they have a crown-like appearance,

而且它們有一個類似皇冠的外觀。

with those spikes sticking up.

有了這些釘子的支撐。

But the beer is all on its own.

但啤酒都是自己的。

It won't prevent coronaviruses,

它不會預防冠狀病毒。

won't give it to you.

不會給你的。

It's just a coincidence.

這只是一個巧合。

Madad: "My pet could give me the virus."

馬達德："我的寵物可以給我病毒。"

So, with the coronavirus, you know,

是以，對於冠狀病毒，你知道。

there's still a lot we don't know.

還有很多我們不知道的事情。

Right now, we haven't seen any cases where

現在，我們還沒有看到任何案例，即

pets are transmitting the virus to their owners.

寵物正在將病毒傳播給它們的主人。

Morse: You're more likely to give it to your pet

莫爾斯：你更有可能把它給你的寵物

than the other way around. Madad: Yeah.

而不是相反。馬達德。是的。

Morse: Take good care of your pets.

莫爾斯：好好照顧你的寵物。

Madad: Yeah.

馬達德。是的。

Morse: "The coronavirus was deliberately

莫爾斯："冠狀病毒是故意的

created or released."

創造或釋放"。

Madad: Giving humans a little bit too much credit here.

馬達德。在這裡給人類的評價有點太高了。

Morse: So, we basically had three coronaviruses

莫爾斯：所以，我們基本上有三種冠狀病毒

in three decades.

三十年來。

But we know that there are a lot of them in nature

但我們知道，在自然界中有很多這樣的人

that look exactly like SARS,

看起來完全像SARS。

and this one doesn't look special.

而這個人看起來並不特別。

So this is just another one to add to the collection.

是以，這只是另一個添加到收藏中的例子。

Madad: Infectious diseases can be caused

馬達德：傳染病可能是由以下原因造成的

by a number of different things.

通過一些不同的事情。

Obviously, they're natural in the environment.

很明顯，它們在環境中是自然的。

It could be due to, obviously, climate change,

這可能是由於，顯然，氣候變化。

ecological factors, agricultural factors, human behavior.

生態因素、農業因素、人類行為。

And these are constantly happening around us.

而這些在我們身邊不斷髮生。

So outbreaks are inevitable.

所以爆發是不可避免的。

Morse: It could be very surprising that anyone

莫爾斯：這可能是非常令人驚訝的，有人

would have figured out a way to create it.

會想出一個辦法來創造它。

We still are way behind nature in being able to do that.

在能夠做到這一點方面，我們仍然遠遠落後於大自然。

Madad: "Antibiotics prevent and treat the virus."

馬達德："抗生素可以預防和治療病毒"。

Viruses and bacteria are two different microbes.

病毒和細菌是兩種不同的微生物。

So we would use antibiotics for bacteria.

所以我們會對細菌使用抗生素。

For viruses, we use antiviral medications.

對於病毒，我們使用抗病毒藥物。

And so, for example, with seasonal flu,

是以，比如說季節性流感。

that's a virus, and so one of the ways

那是一種病毒，是以，其中一個方法是

that we can treat or alleviate some of the symptoms

我們可以治療或減輕一些症狀。

is by giving Tamiflu. That's an antiviral medication.

是通過給予特敏福。那是一種抗病毒藥物。

So antibiotics in this context for this virus

是以，在這種情況下，對這種病毒的抗生素

do not work unless you have secondary infections

除非你有繼發性感染，否則不起作用

that are bacterial in nature.

屬於細菌性質的。

Morse: And this is a very common misconception.

莫爾斯。而這是一個非常普遍的誤解。

There are a couple of drugs now that are experimental,

現在有幾種藥物是實驗性的。

but they're in the development stage,

但它們正處於開發階段。

that are showing promise against this particular virus.

正在顯示出對這種特定病毒的希望。