Organ transplantation, where a damaged or failed organ is replaced with a working one, is one of the greatest advances of modern medicine that saves countless lives.

器官移植，即用一個可以運作的器官取代受損或無法運行的器官。是現代醫學最偉大的進步之一，拯救了無數的生命。

In 2021 alone, over 40,000 organ transplantations were performed in the United States.

僅在2021年，在美國進行了超過40,000例器官移植手術。

Currently, there are six life-saving organs that doctors are able to transplant:The lungs, heart, liver, kidneys, pancreas, and intestines.

目前，醫生能夠移植六個能拯救生命的器官：肺部、心臟、肝臟、腎臟、胰腺和腸道。

Many other components of the body can be transplanted as well, including the uterus, arms, hands, and legs.

身體的許多其他部分也可以被移植，包括子宮、胳膊、手和腿。

And a number of different tissues like skin, different parts of the eye, and components of the musculoskeletal system.

以及一些不同的身體組織，如皮膚、眼睛的不同部分，和肌肉骨骼系統的組成部分。

Imagine getting all of these replaced. You would be like half you and half… all the other people! 

想象一下，把這些部分都換掉的話，你就像有一半的你，和一半的別人！

Oh boy! That's giving me the heebie-jeebies! 

我的天！那讓我覺得不寒而慄！

"Are you still you?" I'll save that question for the end.

「你還是你嗎？」我會把這個問題留到最後。

But there are some organs that can't be transplanted, like the entire eye.

但是有一些器官是不能移植的，比如整個眼睛。

While small parts, like the cornea or sclera, can be transplanted.

雖然可以移植一些小的部分，像角膜和鞏膜。

A whole-eye transplant has never been done successfully.

但全眼移植從未成功完成過。

This is because of the complexity of the optic nerve, which consists of over a million tiny nerve fibers that would need to first stay alive after removal from the donor,

這是因為視神經的複雜性，它包含超過一百萬條細小的神經纖維，這些神經纖維從捐獻者身上移除後，要先能夠活下來，

then be reconnected to the recipient, and finally, be able to rejuvenate and regrow from the eye to the brain.

然後再和捐獻接受者連接起來，最後能夠復活，並從眼睛再生到大腦。

So far, scientists are unable to fully accomplish all of these steps,

到目前為止，科學家們還無法完全達成所有的步驟，

though they are hard at work at trying to find a way to do so, like by blocking genes to prevent the death of nerve cells and finding drugs that make them regrow.

儘管他們正努力試圖找到一種方法來做到這點，例如阻斷基因以防止神經細胞死亡，以及找能藥物能使其再生。

The brain has similar challenges.

而大腦也有類似的挑戰。

Scientists have yet to find a way to keep it alive after removal, and establish a connection of the spinal cord to the recipient's.

科學家們還沒有找到讓它在移除後還能存活的辦法，並且和移植接受者的脊椎連結起來。

Though, notably, one pair of surgeons have claimed that a whole-body transplantation, in which the recipient's head is attached to a donor's body is possible.

然而值得注意的是，有一對外科醫生聲稱全身移植在接受者的頭部被連接到捐贈者身體的情況下是可能的。

And while their controversial plans to perform this operation on living humans fell through in 2019,

而雖然在2019年，他們欲在活人身上進行這種手術的爭議計劃落空了。

They claim to have already transplanted the heads of mice and reconnected the spinal cords of a dog and a monkey.

但他們聲稱他們已經將小鼠的頭部移植，並重新連接在一隻狗和一隻猴子的脊椎上。

However, their studies and claims have been highly criticized for lacking evidence.

然而，他們的研究和主張因缺乏證據而被受到嚴厲批評。

But what if it did work and you could replace your entire body one day?

但是如果有一天它真的是可行的，而你可以替換你整個身體呢？

Are you still you if most of your body is someone else?

如果你的身體大部分是別人的，你還會是你嗎？

At what point do you stop being you?

在什麼樣的狀況下你就不再是你了？

There's a thought experiment called "The ship of Theseus" that asks a similar question about one's changing identity.

有一個叫做「特修斯之船」的思想實驗提出了一個關於自我認知改變的類似問題。

If, over time, you replace every part of the ship, is it the same ship that existed before? 

如果隨著時間的推移，你更換了一艘船的每一個部件，那麼它還是以前存在的那艘嗎？

While you're having that existential crisis, let me know in the comment section below.

當你碰到那種判斷存在與否的難題時，在下面的評論區告訴我。

“What should I talk about next?"

「我下次應該講些什麼？」

Ask me any weird question like this one in the comments, and make sure you use the hashtag #DearBlocko so I can find it!

在評論區問我任何像這樣的奇怪問題，並確保你使用#DearBlocko的標籤，這樣我就能找到它了!

This video is sponsored by our good friends over at "NordVPN!"

本部影片是由我們在NordVPN的好朋友贊助的!

I live inside the computer and sometimes invaders try to burst through the door and steal my pizza bagels.

我住在電腦裡，而有時入侵者試圖衝進門來偷走我的披薩麵包圈

Mr. Nord here helps protect my house from those invaders!

Mr. Nord 在此時幫助保護我的房子免於這些入侵者的侵擾！

NordVPN has threat protection that blocks intrusive ads and web trackers when a user like me downloads a file.

NordVPN有威脅保護功能，來阻止和我一樣的使用者在下載檔案時出現的彈出式廣告和網站跟蹤器。

Threat protection inspects it for malware.

威脅保護功能會檢查它是否存在惡意軟體。

It also automatically scans URLs and blocks malicious ones.

它還能自動掃描並阻擋惡意網址。

But aside from virtually karate chopping malware for me, NordVPN offers 5500+ servers in 60 countries.

但除了幫我迅速截斷惡意軟體外，NordVPN還在60個國家提供5500多個伺服器。

Find a server near you for better speed or in a faraway location for more content.

在你附近找到更快的伺服器，或從遠方的伺服器中獲得更多內容。

Simply change your virtual location.

你只需要改變你的虛擬位置。

You'll get access to shows that might not be available in your country!

你就能夠看到在你的國家無法看到的節目!

It takes just a click.

只需要點一下。

Open the map, click on the location, and you'll be connected in seconds. It's that easy!

打開地圖，點擊一個地點，然後你就會在幾秒鐘內完成連接。就是這麼簡單!

Oh and Mr. Nord here is fast. 

哦，而且Mr. Nord在這裡的速度很快。

He's very proud of it actually! 

他實際上為此非常自豪!

It's confirmed by the speed tests.

速度測試證實了這一點。

NordVPN is the fastest VPN out there!

NordVPN是這最快的VPN!

NordVPN has been protecting the "Life Noggin" world for a while. 

NordVPN已經有一段時間在一直保護Life Noggin的世界了。

And if you want to protect your computer and support "Life Noggin," consider downloading NordVPN now by going to NORDVPN.COM/BLOCKO.

如果你想保護你的電腦並支持Life Noggin，就考慮現在到NORDVPN.COM/BLOCKO來下載NordVPN。

Or click the first link in the description!

或者點擊資訊欄裡的第一個鏈接!

It's risk-free with Nord's 30-day money-back guarantee!

Nord的30天退款保證沒有任何風險！

Click here if you wanna find out how we can live to 200 years, or click here to watch this video!

如果你想知道我們怎樣能活到200歲，請點擊這裡，或點擊這觀看這個視頻！

Thanks for clicking Like! And subscribe!

感謝點擊喜歡！別忘了訂閱！

And as always, my name is Blocko.

老樣子，我是Blocko。

This has been "Life Noggin."

這裡是Life Noggin。

Don't forget to keep on thinking!

別忘了繼續思考！