And I’m Neil. Whoo-oo-oo! Trick or treat!

For listeners at home, Neil is dressed up as a ghost.

He’s wearing a white bedsheet over his head with two holes

cut out for his eyes, which must mean…

It’s Halloween! The start of autumn,

when the days get shorter and leaves fall from the trees, marks Halloween,

a festival which is celebrated all over the world at this time of year.

In Britain, people carve scary faces into pumpkins

and children go trick-or-treating, dressing up in fancy dress costumes

and visiting people’s homes shouting, ‘trick or treat!’ for sweets and candy.

Halloween comes from an ancient festival called Samhain

which celebrated the changing of the seasons,

a time when it was believed the dead could make contact with the living,

which is why children dress up as ghosts, witches and other scary monsters.

But recently, online shops have removed several Halloween costumes

including creepy clown masks and real-life serial killer costumes

after parents complained they were too frightening.

In this programme, we’ll be discussing whether Halloween is no longer harmless fun,

and as usual, we’ll be learning some new vocabulary as well.

But before that, and since you’re all dressed up as a ghost, Neil,

my question is this

– why did people traditionally dress up in costumes on Halloween?

Was it: a) to scare their neighbours as a joke

b) to use up their old clothes, or c) to hide from ghosts

I think it was to hide from ghosts.

OK, Neil. We’ll find out the answer later in the programme.

In recent years, Halloween has become more influenced by American horror movies

like ‘Friday the Thirteenth’ or ‘Scream’.

Some parents now think Halloween costumes are too scary and over the top

– a phrase meaning too extreme and unsuitable.

Mother of two, Joanne O’Connell, was shocked when she took her 10- year-old daughters

shopping for Halloween costumes. Here she explains

what she saw to BBC Radio 4 programme, You and Yours.

They've seen decorations of small children

holding a teddy bear covered in blood.

They've seen what's described as a standing animated decoration

which looks like a dead girl carrying a knife

and various Grim Reapers, creepy clowns,

and stuff that kids are now finding frightening, and even to an adult,

they look pretty vile, actually. And I think it feels like

retailers are in some kind of race to the bottom

for the grimmest, most vile, sickening outfit

so that they can just make money out of.

Joanne was horrified by Halloween costumes of the Grim Reaper

– an imaginary skeleton who wears a long black cloak,

carries a sharp cutting tool

and represents Death. She’s worried that costumes like this

are too frightening for little children.

Nowadays, Halloween is big business and Joanne thinks that

the focus on money encourages shops

in a race to the bottom, a phrase which describes a situation

where companies compete with each other to sell as many products as cheaply as possible.

The phrase is connected to the idea of standards getting worse and worse.

But come on, Sam! Isn’t this going too far?

I mean, Halloween is supposed to be scary!

Parents don’t want to stop people having fun,

but over the top costumes are too scary for younger children,

and some mums say they will no longer open the door

to trick-or-treaters because the costumes are giving children nightmares.

Siobhan Freegard, founder of the parenting website, Channel Mum,

thinks a compromise is needed. Here she is talking to BBC Radio 4’s, You and Yours:

There's a sort of a halfway house, isn't there? I mean,

I know everyone refers to the new generation as the snowflake generation,

and we shouldn't be so worried about our little darlings,

but there’s a point beyond which it becomes tasteful or appropriate.

Siobhan thinks that scary costumes are okay for teenagers

but she also wants to protect younger children.

She thinks we need to find a halfway house

- a compromise, or arrangement which includes features of two opposing ideas.

She also uses the expression the snowflake generation,

a phrase which is sometimes used to describe the generation of young people

who became adults in or after the 2010s,

and who are considered by some to be easily upset and offended.

Now I can see how some costumes

are over the top and I don’t want to spoil Halloween for anyone,

so I’ll stick with my bedsheet ghost.

Anyway, isn’t it time for you to reveal the answer to your question, Sam?

Yes, I asked why people started dressing up at Halloween in the first place,

and you said it was to hide from ghosts,

which was… the correct answer!

Hundreds of years ago, people thought that ghosts would try to return

to their old homes at Halloween.

People wore masks so that the ghosts would mistake them for other spirits!

OK, let’s recap the vocabulary we’ve learned

starting with trick-or-treating, the Halloween tradition

of dressing up in creepy costumes and

knocking on neighbours’ doors shouting ‘trick or treat’ for sweets and candy.

Over the top describes something which is too extreme,

unsuitable or unacceptable.

The Grim Reaper is an imagined representation of Death

and looks like a skeleton in a long, black cloak.

A race to the bottom happens when companies compete with each other

in order to sell as many products as cheaply as possible.

A halfway house is a compromise which includes

features of two contrasting ideas.

And finally, the snowflake generation

is used by some people to refer to the present generation

of young people who they think lack resilience

and are easily upset.

Enjoy Halloween and don’t get too scared!

Bye for now. Bye!