Endgames can be a little bit more boring and even mysterious to study, but you absolutely should.

端遊的研究可能會比較枯燥甚至神祕，但你絕對應該去研究。

Why?

為什麼？

Because endgames are theoretical, that means they're solved.

因為終局是理論上的，這意味著它們已經被解決了。

If a position is winning and you learn the technique, you're gonna win 100% of the time.

如果一個位置能獲勝，而你又學會了技巧，那麼你就能百分之百地獲勝。

If an endgame is drawn, or a little bit tricky to win for the other side, you might draw rather than losing.

如果尾盤和棋，或者對方贏棋有點困難，你可能會和棋而不是輸棋。

In this video, I'm gonna teach you the proper technique for king and pawn endgames.

在本視頻中，我將教你國王與兵殘局的正確技巧。

At the end, I will tell you my favorite endgames book.

最後，我會告訴你我最喜歡的殘局書。

I've put timestamps on the video player for every technique you'll have to learn.

我在視頻播放器上為你要學習的每項技術都打上了時間戳。

Nothing else to say, let's go.

沒什麼好說的了，我們走吧。

We're gonna kick things off with a very very fundamental basis of king and pawn endgames.

我們將從國王和兵卒殘局的基本原理入手。

The pawn is trying to promote and become a rook or a queen, because you cannot win with just king and bishop or king and knight.

兵試圖升級成為車或後，因為僅靠王和象或王和馬是無法取勝的。

So, I put a very easy example here.

所以，我在這裡舉一個非常簡單的例子。

If it's white to move, white will push, black will try to get our pawn, white will push, black will try to get our pawn, white will push.

如果是白棋走，白棋會推，黑棋會試圖吃掉我們的棋子，白棋會推，黑棋會試圖吃掉我們的棋子，白棋會推。

And black is not in time, we make the queen and hopefully we know how to win this position.

黑棋還來得及，我們讓後，希望我們知道如何贏得這個局面。

However, if the black king is still on the square, but in the initial position, it's not white to move, and it's black to move.

但是，如果黑王還在這個位置上，但處於初始位置，那麼就不是白棋走，而是黑棋走了。

Black has now entered what's called the square.

黑方現在進入了所謂的正方形。

The square is a little geometric kind of understanding of where the defending king has to be to stop a passed pawn.

這個方格是一個小小的幾何圖形，表示防守方的國王必須在哪裡才能阻止過路兵。

The way you figure out where a square should be is you see how many squares, or I guess how many spots until promotion, and you draw an equivalent amount to the other side.

計算方格位置的方法是，你看有多少個方格，或者我猜有多少個點，直到晉級為止，然後在另一邊畫出等量的方格。

And you do this.

你就這樣做。

So, what this means is that if the black king enters the square in time, the black king will stop the pawn.

是以，這意味著如果黑王及時進入該格，黑王就會擋住小卒。

So, that's the very, very first concept.

所以，這就是第一個概念。

You're going to get endgames where the pawn can run or the king...

在殘局中，兵可以跑，王也可以跑......

If the king can stop you, be very careful.

如果國王能阻止你，那就要非常小心了。

Be very, very careful with just pushing your pawn and not thinking.

要非常、非常小心地只推你的棋子而不思考。

So, if black moves to e5, black enters the square.

是以，如果黑棋下 e5，黑棋就進入了位置。

However, if in the initial position, it's white to move, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, and the black king, even on this move, will not be able to enter the necessary square to stop the pawn.

然而，如果在初始局面中，是白棋走1、2、3、1、2、3，而黑王即使走這一步，也無法進入必要的位置攔住棋子。

So, that's number one.

所以，這是第一位的。

That is an absolutely basic example, and we need to get this out of the way.

這絕對是一個最基本的例子，我們必須把它講清楚。

Why is this important?

為什麼這很重要？

Why are we even studying king and pawn endgames?

我們為什麼要研究王兵殘局？

Because you're going to get positions like this.

因為你會得到這樣的職位。

This is the most famous position of all king and pawn endgames.

這是所有王兵殘局中最著名的局面。

This is the one that you will spend the most time on in this video.

這是您在本視頻中花費時間最多的部分。

Don't click anything.

不要點擊任何東西。

Don't learn this.

不要學這個。

Don't run away from it.

不要逃避。

Okay, you're going to get this position, and someone's going to tell you, is white winning or is this a draw?

好吧，你會得到這個局面，有人會告訴你，白棋是贏了還是和棋？

And the answer is, as long as the pawn is between b and g, there are winning chances.

答案是，只要卒在 b 和 g 之間，就有獲勝的機會。

If it's your a or an h pawn, you will find out in a few minutes why that's basically always a draw, as long as the defending king is close.

如果是你的 a 或 h 卒，幾分鐘後你就會知道為什麼只要防守方的王距離很近，基本上總是和棋。

Of course, it's also important to note, you know, if the king is like over here, it's a very easy win.

當然，還需要注意的是，如果國王像這邊一樣，那就很容易贏。

So, first things first, the defending side is at least close to the pawn, and really in front of it is the most important.

所以，首先第一點，防守方至少要靠近卒子，而真正在卒子前面才是最重要的。

We're going to start with it being black's move in this position.

我們將從黑棋在這個局面中的走法開始。

Right now, white has played the move king to e3, and is doing something called opposition to the black king.

現在，白棋已經把王下到了 e3，並且正在對黑棋的王進行所謂的反擊。

That means you're opposing the black king.

這意味著你在反對黑王。

You are staring straight out.

你的眼睛直勾勾地盯著外面。

You're saying, make a move.

你是說，行動吧

Do something.

做點什麼

So, the winning technique here, if it's black's move, white is winning.

是以，這裡的制勝技巧是，如果是黑棋的棋步，白棋就贏了。

And we'll learn in a few minutes why, if it's white's move, it's a draw.

幾分鐘後我們就會知道，如果是白棋，為什麼會和棋。

So, the black king will give way to the white king.

是以，黑王將讓位於白王。

If the black king goes straight back, then we continue to march the king down and implement the same technique that you're about to learn.

如果黑棋的王直接後退，那麼我們就繼續向下行軍，並實施你們即將學習的相同技巧。

So, let's say the king gives way.

所以，假設國王讓步了。

We now do something called outflanking.

我們現在做的事情叫包抄。

We move our king out of the way to take control of these squares, to open the path for our pawn.

我們移動國王，控制這些位置，為我們的小兵開闢道路。

Again, if the black king ends up on a square to try to see our pawn, we do opposition again.

同樣，如果黑王最終在一個位置上試圖看到我們的兵，我們就再次進行對立。

If the king just goes straight back, cardinal sin of this endgame, your pawn should never, never be side by side with your king, and definitely not in front of it.

如果國王直接後退，這就是殘局的大忌，你的兵絕對不能與國王並排，更不能在國王前面。

Like, almost never side by side, and definitely not in front.

比如，幾乎從不併排，也絕對不在前面。

Your king will escort the pawn.

你的國王將護送小卒。

It is the security escort to your pawn.

它為您的典當保駕護航。

Do not march the pawn in front of your king.

不要把兵行進到國王前面。

You won't win.

你贏不了的

What you need to do is continue to create a little bit of distance for this pawn.

你需要做的是繼續為這顆棋子拉開一點距離。

Side defense by black never works, because again, now you can push, and the king cannot get back in time.

黑棋的邊防永遠不會奏效，因為你現在又可以推進了，而國王卻無法及時回防。

Hey, hey, hey, I know it's a check.

嘿，嘿，嘿，我知道這是一張支票。

I said nothing side by side, right?

我沒說什麼並排，對吧？

King escorts.

國王護送

It's about controlling the squares, ensuring a safe passage of the pawn to the end of the board.

這就是控制方格，確保小卒安全地走到棋盤的盡頭。

So side defense is not a thing.

所以，側翼防禦並不存在。

Now, when you can push your pawn is as long as it's still behind the king.

現在，只要兵還在王的後面，就可以推兵。

Okay?

好嗎？

Still behind the king.

還在國王后面

Why?

為什麼？

Because now another opposition.

因為現在又多了一個反對派。

If the second the king looks at our pawn, we say, uh-uh, uh-uh, no way.

如果國王一看到我們的棋子，我們就會說，呃，呃，呃，沒門。

If the king goes here, we outflank in the other direction to maintain the squares here.

如果國王走這裡，我們就向另一個方向包抄，以保持這裡的方位。

Side defense is not a thing.

邊防不是個東西。

All right?

行嗎？

And we can do the exact same thing here.

我們可以在這裡做同樣的事情。

We can push and then get in front, or even we can just go like this.

我們可以推到前面，也可以這樣走。

So the king guides the way, right?

所以國王會指引方向，對嗎？

We need to create the situation where the defending side has to skedaddle.

我們需要創造一種讓防守方不得不溜之大吉的局面。

Get out.

滾出去

Get out.

滾出去

Right, left, something.

右，左，什麼的。

So that we can create the outflank.

這樣，我們就能創建外翼。

If we go back to the starting position, and we say, well, Levi, you said it's black's move here, right?

如果我們回到起始局面，我們說，好吧，李維，你說過這是黑棋的一步棋，對嗎？

What if it's white's move?

如果是白棋呢？

Like, what if black just got us in opposition?

比如，如果黑人讓我們成為反對派呢？

The way you defend this now is, I can even probably flip this.

你現在的辯護方式是，我甚至可以把它翻轉過來。

Okay?

好嗎？

How do you defend this?

你如何為自己辯護？

White king moves out of the way.

白方國王閃開。

You follow that king!

你跟隨國王！

Continue to get in its face.

繼續打它的臉。

Why?

為什麼？

Because if the pawn moves up, it's in front of the king.

因為如果小卒向上移動，它就在國王前面。

We already know this is a draw.

我們已經知道這是一場平局。

How do we draw it?

如何繪製？

Stay in front of the pawn.

走在卒的前面。

Okay?

好嗎？

And when it's time to go backwards, where do you go?

當需要倒退的時候，你會去哪裡？

In front of the pawn.

在卒子前面。

Why?

為什麼？

Because you anticipate where the king will go, and you get in front of that king.

因為你能預測國王會去哪裡，你就能走到國王面前。

Push in front of the pawn.

推到卒的前面。

Behind, so you maintain vision.

後面，以便保持視野。

And you don't follow the king every single time.

你不能每次都跟著國王走。

You only follow the king if you cannot touch the pawn again.

只有在無法再次觸碰小兵的情況下，才能跟隨國王。

As long as the king coming back to the pawn is allowed, you do it.

只要允許國王回到小兵身邊，你就可以這麼做。

You go boop, boop, boop, boop, boop, boop, boop, boop, boop, until the white king says no more of this boop, boop, boop.

No, you can't come closer, so you get in front of the king again.

不，你不能再靠近了，所以你要再次走到國王面前。

And this process will go all the way down here.

這個過程會一直進行到這裡。

And this is where you gotta remember this is what you do, and you gotta remember you don't go here.

在這裡，你要記住這是你的工作，你要記住你不能去這裡。

You need to stay in front of this pawn, or you're gonna lose this game.

你必須走在這顆棋子的前面，否則你就會輸掉這盤棋。

And it's not gonna work.

這行不通

So, that's the technique for the defense, and that's the technique for the offense.

所以，這是防守的技巧，也是進攻的技巧。

Now, you are not...

現在，你不是...

This is a very raw, elementary-level, fundamental starting position.

這是一個非常原始的、初級的、基礎性的起始位置。

If we go all the way back, and we flip it to the offensive side, the key is getting this opposition in the first place.

如果我們回過頭來看，我們把它翻轉到進攻方面，關鍵在於一開始就獲得這種反對。

How do you even figure this out in a real setting?

在真實環境中，你是如何搞清楚這些問題的？

And, I promised I would show you, why is it a draw when there's a flank pawn?

而且，我答應過要給你看，為什麼有側翼兵時是和棋？

Well, because even if you get the opposition, you're missing a whole thing here on the left-hand side.

好吧，因為即使你得到了反對派的支持，你在左手邊也錯過了一個完整的東西。

Like, in a normal spot, you would go there, but you can't.

就像，在一個正常的地方，你會去那裡，但你不能。

Look, I can't.

聽著，我不能

There's no extra file.

沒有額外的文件。

So, as long as the defensive side here just runs all the way back to the corner, there's no way to get it out of the...

所以，只要防守方一直跑回角落，就沒有辦法把球從......

Even, look, this is a draw, okay?

甚至，你看，這是一個平局，好嗎？

Even this position is a draw, because there's just no way to get the king out of the corner.

即使這個局面也是和棋，因為國王根本無法離開角。

I mean, it's just impossible.

我是說，這根本不可能。

Same goes if the king is on the H-file.

如果國王在 H 層，情況也一樣。

So, this opposition, the out-flank, is going to be the backbone of your understanding, but now we're going to add extra layers so you get some of the more advanced concepts of king and pawn endgames.

是以，這種對局，即外翼，將是你理解的基礎，但現在我們要增加額外的層次，讓你瞭解一些更高級的王兵尾盤概念。

Okay?

好嗎？

For example, I have this position for you.

例如，我有這樣一個職位給你。

It's 2-2.

現在是 2 比 2。

Here, there's no real...

在這裡，沒有真正的...

I mean, okay, I learned king and pawn, Levi taught me in this video, but how am I going to win this position?

我的意思是，好吧，我學會了國王和卒，列維在這個視頻裡教過我，但我要如何贏得這個局面呢？

Well, here, it's white to move, and what you can do is you can pause.

在這裡，移動是白色的，你可以做的是暫停。

Okay?

好嗎？

You can pause and try to figure it out yourself.

您可以暫停一下，試著自己想辦法。

I'm going to give you a few seconds, and now I'm going to get into it.

我給你幾秒鐘時間，現在我要開始了。

This is a concept called...

這個概念被稱為...

It's a little bit more advanced version of out-flanking, something that you learned last example.

這是包抄的高級版本，你們在上一個例子中學過。

It's something called out-flanking, and essentially, you're going to use your king's advantage of quicker access around to body the other king in the right direction.

這就是所謂的 "包抄"（out-flanking），本質上就是利用自己國王的優勢--更快地繞過對方，把對方國王引向正確的方向。

You want your king to win these two pawns.

你要讓國王贏得這兩個兵。

Sorry, these two pawns.

對不起，這兩個棋子。

So instead of king e3, you're going to go king d3.

所以，你要用國王 d3 代替國王 e3。

Why?

為什麼？

What if the king comes closer?

如果國王走近了怎麼辦？

Not king d4.

不是國王 d4

King c4.

國王 c4.

Why?

為什麼？

Because if you go to d4, opposition, and you bet you ain't getting in here.

因為如果你走到 d4，反對派，你肯定進不了這裡。

Ain't nobody getting to those squares.

沒有人能到達那些廣場。

So you go to c4, because now you get the opposition.

所以你走 c4，因為現在你有了對手。

You waste a move to get the opposition.

你浪費了一招，卻得到了對手。

This is important, because if the king goes just back, you get in.

這一點很重要，因為如果國王就在後面，你就能進去。

King comes back, you get in.

國王回來了，你上車。

And now you've pried away the king from the defense.

現在你把國王從辯方手裡撬走了。

Bang, bang.

砰，砰

Two pawns up, easy.

兩枚棋子，輕而易舉。

I mean, two pawns up, you should be winning like this.

我是說，你有兩個棋子，應該會贏的。

But one pawn is tricky.

但有一個棋子很棘手。

And now, once you get the opposition, if the king goes there, you go here.

現在，一旦你得到了反對派，如果國王去了那裡，你就去這裡。

You gobble, gobble.

你狼吞虎嚥，狼吞虎嚥。

If the king goes here, another out-flank.

如果國王走這裡，另一個側翼就會出現。

And then you get close, and the whole same kind of technique.

然後你再靠近，也是同樣的技巧。

King d6.

國王 d6。

King here.

國王在此。

You say, well Levi, this is opposition, it's a draw.

你說，好吧，李維，這是反對派，這是平局。

No, it's not.

不，不是這樣的。

You've got two pawns.

你有兩個棋子

What are you talking about?

你在說什麼？

I just showed you something with one pawn.

我剛給你看了一個只有一個卒的東西。

Two pawns, it doesn't matter.

兩個棋子，無所謂。

Two pawns up is two pawns up, unless they're doubled on the h-file.

兩個兵上前就是兩個兵上前，除非他們在 h 位上加倍。

So that's out-flanking.

這就是包抄。

The next example is actually kind of fascinating.

下一個例子其實很吸引人。

This is winning for white.

白方獲勝。

As stupid as it looks.

看起來很蠢

Now you think, how's it winning?

現在你想一想，它是如何獲勝的？

Oh, easy.

哦，簡單。

Bang, bang, bang, bang, bang, bang, push pawn.

砰、砰、砰、砰、砰、砰，推卒。

Yeah, hold on.

對，等等

How many squares?

有多少個方格？

What?

什麼？

No.

不

That's a terrible idea.

這是個糟糕的主意。

Listen to me.

聽我說

Here, there's a new concept called shouldering, which is when your king kind of doesn't shove the other king out of the way by forcing it to move.

在這裡，有一個新概念叫做 "肩並肩"（shouldering），即你的國王不會通過強迫對方國王移動而將其推開。

It doesn't even let it get close in the first place.

甚至一開始就不讓它靠近。

Shout out to Chael Sonnen.

向Chael Sonnen致敬。

I can't let you get close.

我不能讓你靠近

What you do in this position is you play the move king b1, which to the uninitiated looks like it doesn't make any sense.

在這個局面中，您要下的是國王 b1 這步棋，這步棋在初學者看來毫無意義。

Let me show you why.

讓我告訴你為什麼。

If this king tries to run this way, we go here.

如果國王想往這邊跑，我們就從這裡走。

If the king tries to get close, we go here.

如果國王試圖靠近，我們就從這裡走。

Our king bodies the other king away.

我們的國王把另一個國王趕走了。

This is very useful.

這非常有用。

It's a concept you will come across many times.

這是一個你會遇到很多次的概念。

And now, if like the king tries to continue, we go king d4, king f5.

現在，如果國王想繼續，我們就走國王 d4，國王 f5。

The process continues.

這個過程還在繼續。

And even here, it looks like we finally, we finally can go here.

即使在這裡，看起來我們終於，我們終於可以去這裡了。

Uh-uh-uh.