Most players will focus on openings for white and black and maybe some puzzle-solving to make sure their tactics are sharp, but you should definitely study the endgame too, because endgames are theoretical, which means they're solved.

大多數棋手都會關注白棋和黑棋的開局，也許還會研究一些解題方法，以確保戰術的敏銳性，但你肯定也應該研究尾盤，因為尾盤是理論性的，這意味著它們是可以解決的。

If a position is winning and you know how to win it, you're gonna win 100% of the time, whereas if an endgame is drawn, you'll know how to save it, and you'll know how to get half a point instead of losing rating and losing points in a tournament, for example.

如果一個局面是勝局，而你又知道如何取勝，那麼你就會百分之百地獲勝；而如果一個殘局是和棋，你就會知道如何挽救它，比如說，你就會知道如何獲得半分，而不是在比賽中失去等級分和丟分。

In this video, we're looking at queen versus one-pawn endgames.

在這段視頻中，我們將研究後對單兵的尾盤。

I'll teach you a bunch of different techniques and examples.

我會教你很多不同的技巧和例子。

At the end, I have an example which totally breaks the rules.

最後，我舉一個完全打破常規的例子。

There's timestamps on the video player as always, if you want to jump around.

如果你想跳轉，視頻播放器上一如既往地有時間戳。

Let's go.

我們走吧

So, the fundamental basis.

所以，根本的基礎是

We will be playing with the white pieces, we'll have the white pieces throughout the video, and black is going to be trying to make a queen, whereas we will have our queen already on the board.

我們將與白棋下棋，整個視頻中都是白棋，黑棋將試圖製造皇后，而我們的皇后已經在棋盤上了。

Now, this is the introduction.

現在，這是導言。

I just kind of want you to understand why this is important.

我只是想讓你們明白這一點的重要性。

In this example that we have, the easiest way to stop a pawn from getting to the queening square is to get in front of it, and sometimes we can just do that by virtue of geometry.

在本例中，阻止小卒到達後位的最簡單方法就是擋在小卒前面，有時我們可以通過幾何原理做到這一點。

So, for example, in this position, we can play the move queen to c2, and now our opponent cannot push their pawn, and if they move their king anywhere, they cannot go anywhere here, so they can't support the pawn push.

是以，舉例來說，在這個局面中，我們可以下後移到c2，現在對手就無法推兵了，而如果他們把王移到任何地方，這裡也不能去任何地方，是以他們就無法支持推兵了。

They go king e5, we go here, and that's it.

他們走國王 e5，我們走這裡，就這樣。

This is like what we want.

這正是我們想要的。

This is the absolute easiest thing that we can do ever if the pawn is not that close to becoming a queen.

如果小卒沒有那麼接近成為王后，這絕對是我們能做的最簡單的事情。

The way we win this is that we now bring the king, we win the pawn, and you have to know how to checkmate with a queen.

我們獲勝的方法是，我們現在帶著國王，贏得了兵，而你必須知道如何將後。

That's the one prerequisite of this video.

這是本視頻的一個前提條件。

If you don't know that yet, that's okay.

如果你還不知道，沒關係。

Learn it after, or maybe I'll have a video.

之後再學，或許我會有視頻。

I don't have a video at the time of recording, but that's what we're trying to do here, right?

錄製時我沒有視頻，但這正是我們要做的，對嗎？

But obviously, it's not always so simple, okay?

但顯然，事情並不總是那麼簡單，好嗎？

So, we're gonna kind of make it a little bit harder now.

所以，我們現在要讓它變得更難一點。

The king is supporting the pawn, and the pawn is one square away from promotion.

國王支持著小卒，而小卒距離晉級還有一格。

So, the first nugget of information for you to kind of pay attention to here is which kind of a pawn it is.

所以，你要注意的第一個資訊就是它是哪種棋子。

What does that mean?

這是什麼意思？

Well, if it's one of the two central pawns, or it's on a, it's on b or g, which means like where the knight begins the game, right?

好吧，如果它是兩個中央棋子之一，或者它在a上，那麼它就在b或g上，也就是騎士開始遊戲的地方，對嗎？

The knight usually stands on one of these two squares.

騎士通常站在這兩個方格中的一個方格上。

If it's a knight's pawn, or a center pawn, it is winning for the side with the queen, okay?

如果是馬兵或中兵，有皇后的一方就贏了，好嗎？

There is a technique here to win it.

這裡有一種取勝的技巧。

If it is a bishop's pawn, or a flank pawn, or a rook pawn, then more often than not, almost always, it is a draw.

如果是主教兵、側翼兵或車兵，那麼通常情況下，幾乎總是和棋。

If the other side has a close king, and the pawn is close, but there's one other thing at play here.

如果對方的王很近，兵也很近，但還有一件事在起作用。

It's where our king is.

我們的國王就在那裡。

You'll notice that in the beginning, as we learn this, the king is way far away, so there's no way for the queen to do anything.

你會注意到，一開始，當我們瞭解到這一點時，國王離得很遠，所以王后什麼也做不了。

Sorry, the queen has to do everything, I should say.

對不起，應該說王后什麼都要做。

But later, the king is gonna get closer, and I'll show you that sometimes there are exceptions to the rule.

但稍後，國王會走得更近，我會告訴你，有時規則也有例外。

So, let's begin here, okay?

那麼，我們就從這裡開始，好嗎？

In this position, white will need to use a series of checks to force the king in front of the pawn, okay?

在這個局面中，白棋需要使用一系列的制衡來迫使國王走到兵的前面，好嗎？

When that happens, we will get one square closer with the king, and then we will rinse and repeat.

到那時，我們就能與國王再拉近一格，然後我們就會不斷重複。

For example, check, okay?

例如，檢查，好嗎？

Check.

檢查。

King can go to a lot of squares, but in general, it should support the pawn promotion, because if it doesn't, there's this, right?

國王可以走很多位置，但一般來說，它應該支持兵的推進，因為如果它不支持，就會出現這種情況，對嗎？

As we saw in example one.

正如我們在示例一中看到的那樣。

So, we don't even need to give a check.

所以，我們甚至不需要支票。

But if the king is giving defense, do not give a check where the pawn can queen.

但如果國王在防守，就不要在兵可以後的地方下格。

That is the thing that beginners miss a lot.

這正是初學者經常忽略的一點。

Get closer with the queen.

與女王走得更近

Now, again, the king wants to avoid this square, so it goes out here.

現在，國王又想避開這個位置，所以它走到了這裡。

We want to get closer, so we go queen c5, for example, all right?

我們想走得更近一些，所以我們走皇后c5，例如，好嗎？

King d1, queen d4 check.

國王 d1，王后 d4

We don't want to go here.

我們不想去這裡。

King c1.

國王 c1。

And this is our million dollar square, the square right in front of the pawn, which will force the king to come back to defend it, and now we go here.

這是我們價值百萬的位置，也就是兵前面的位置，它會迫使國王回來防守，現在我們走這裡。

It's this little sidestep.

就是這個小旁門左道。

Now we hit both.

現在我們兩個都打。

Remember, the pawn is coming down this way, and now the king has to go in front, and we bring our king.

記住，小卒從這邊走下來，現在國王必須走在前面，我們把國王帶過來。

If the king goes to f1, it's not actually threatening to push.

如果王走到 f1，實際上並不構成威脅。

That's what you have to constantly ask yourself.

這就是你必須不斷問自己的問題。

Are they threatening to push?

他們是在威脅要推嗎？

No, because of the pin.

不，是因為別針。

Okay, great.

好的，很好

They go, oh, damn.

他們會說，哦，該死。

All right, now I'm threatening to push.

好吧，現在我威脅要推了。

Again, there's a series of checks, right?

同樣，還有一系列檢查，對嗎？

Or checks.

或支票。

So we would go check.

所以我們會去看看。

The king comes here.

國王來了

We would go check.

我們會去看看。

King doesn't want to go here.

金不想來這裡。

The king comes out here.

國王出來了

Magic square.

魔術方塊

King here, check.

國王在此，確認。

King here.

國王在此。

Rinse and repeat.

沖洗，重複。

Now, what this looks like as we get closer and closer to the finish line, is we go check.

現在，當我們離終點越來越近時，我們要做的就是檢查。

You know, king c2, for example.

比如國王 c2。

Oh, now it's the million-dollar square.

哦，現在是百萬美元廣場了。

Okay.

好的

Process repeats.

過程重複。

Now, when our king is really close, we don't even need to do the process.

現在，當我們的國王真的很親密時，我們甚至不需要做這個過程。

We can just give a check because the king is defending.

因為國王在防守，我們可以讓一步。

If the king goes in front of the pawn, we have this.

如果王走在卒的前面，我們就可以這樣下。

This, check.

這個，檢查。

Here, checkmate.

將死

So that is how you do it with a central pawn.

這就是使用中央棋子的方法。

There are other examples of this.

這方面還有其他例子。

Like, for example, if in the very, very kind of initial position, I just slide over, I just edit the position so it's a knight's pawn, and it's like this, the process is all the same.

舉個例子，如果在非常非常初始的位置，我只是滑過去，我只是編輯一下位置，讓它變成馬兵，就像這樣，過程都是一樣的。

You know, you give a check, for example.

比如說，你可以給一張支票。

And after you give this check, you give maybe this check or this check.

在你給出這張支票後，你可能會給出這張支票或這張支票。

Check.

檢查。

Check.

檢查。

Check.

檢查。

And it looks cramped, but as long as the king is getting away, the same process.

雖然看起來很擁擠，但只要國王能離開，過程都是一樣的。

Now, you can practice this, okay?

現在，你可以練習一下，好嗎？

I mean, that is the technique.

我是說，這就是技巧。

You give little checks, zigzag, and you're trying to land on one of those two squares.

你要做一些小檢查，走 "之 "字形路線，並儘量落在這兩個方格中的一個方格上。

Sometimes it takes a little bit longer because you give the wrong check, but that is the technique.

有時，因為你給錯了支票，所以需要的時間會更長一些，但這就是技巧。

Why, then, is it a draw with a rook pawn?

那麼，為什麼是車兵和棋呢？

Like, why can't we just do the same process?

比如，為什麼我們不能採用同樣的程序呢？

Well, let's try it, okay?

好吧，讓我們試試，好嗎？

Let's give a check or this check, okay?

讓我們給一張支票或這張支票，好嗎？

The problem here is that the black king can actually get in front of the pawn.

這裡的問題是，黑王實際上可以走到兵的前面。

That's the issue.

這就是問題所在。

We don't have a moment to bring our king because of the threat of stalemate, right?

因為僵局的威脅，我們沒有時間把國王帶來，對嗎？

The rule that if we're not checking the enemy king, but the enemy doesn't have any legal moves, then it's a draw, right?

如果我們沒有吃掉敵方的王，但敵方沒有任何合法棋步，那麼就是和棋，對嗎？

That's what a stalemate is.

這就是僵局。

So the constant threat of a stalemate makes us move our queen, and it doesn't matter how close we get.

是以，僵局的持續威脅會讓我們移動皇后，而不管我們有多接近。

We can give as many checks as we want.

我們想給多少張支票就給多少張支票。

So long as the king stays close, there's nothing we can do.

只要國王還在附近，我們就無能為力。

Now, if the king goes to b3, oh, boom, beautiful.

現在，如果國王走到 b3，哦，嘣，漂亮。

Right?

對不對？

We have this little kind of technique that we've seen throughout.

我們在整個過程中都看到了這種小技巧。

Now, the king can't get close, the pawn can't promote, now we win, but there's nothing.

現在，國王無法靠近，小卒無法推進，現在我們贏了，但什麼都沒有。

I mean, there's just nothing.

我是說，什麼都沒有。

We can set little traps like check, you know, check, check, but there's nothing we can do.

我們可以設置一些小陷阱，比如檢查，你知道的，檢查，檢查，但我們無能為力。

We can always get really close, but the king will hide behind the pawn, right?

我們總能靠得很近，但國王會躲在小兵後面，對嗎？

And that's it.

就是這樣。

That's the easiest thing.

這是最簡單的事情。

Unless the king is very close, which we will see later.

除非國王非常親近，這一點我們稍後會看到。

Okay, so that's why a rook pawn is a draw, because it's just, it's a constant threat of a stalemate.

好吧，這就是為什麼車兵是和棋的原因，因為它一直威脅著僵局。

With a bishop's pawn, there is always a, there's also a constant threat of a stalemate, but it's in a little different of a way, right?

有了主教兵，就始終存在僵局的威脅，但僵局的方式有些不同，對嗎？

So you're gonna, you're about to find out, right?

所以，你會， 你會發現，對不對？

So let's say we do our whole thing.

所以，假設我們完成了全部任務。

Check.

檢查。

All right, king, king comes down.

好了，國王，國王下來了

King doesn't go there.

國王沒有去那裡。

Check.

檢查。

All right, uh, king here.

好吧，呃，國王在這裡。

I say, oh, million dollar square.

我說，哦，百萬美元廣場。

That's what Levi taught me.

這是李維教我的。

Here, here, now the king has to go here.

這裡，這裡，現在國王必須去這裡。

Except it doesn't.

但事實並非如此。

King can go to the corner.

國王可以去角落了。

What the hell, Levi?

搞什麼鬼，李維？

What?

什麼？

Oh.

哦。

Now we see.

現在我們看到了。

When it's a bishop's pawn, the board geometry is weird, and if we take the pawn, it's stalemate.

如果是主教兵，棋盤的幾何形狀就很奇怪，如果我們吃掉這顆兵，就會陷入僵局。

It's just how the board works.

這就是董事會的工作方式。

So a bishop's pawn and a rook pawn.

所以是一個主教兵和一個車兵。

A rook pawn, the king hides behind the pawn.

車兵，國王躲在兵後面。

A bishop's pawn, the king just moves to the corner and says, to hell with my pawn.

主教的卒，國王只是移動到角落，然後說，讓我的卒見鬼去吧。

Take my damn pawn, I don't care.

拿走我的卒子，我不在乎。

We'll see later that there are situations with the enemy king that, for example, we can let the pawn actually become a queen and still give a mate.

稍後我們會看到，在敵方國王的某些情況下，例如，我們可以讓小兵變成皇后，但仍然可以交配。

Or we can just force a situation with a close enough king that we don't need to worry about something like this, okay?

或者我們可以找一個足夠親近的國王，這樣我們就不用擔心這樣的事情了，好嗎？

So that's the fundamental basis.

所以，這就是根本的基礎。

I mean, you can leave the video now.

我的意思是，你現在可以離開視頻了。

Please don't.

請不要

Because there's still instructional stuff, but that's like queen versus pawn in a nutshell, okay?

因為還有一些指導性的東西，但這就像皇后與小兵的對決，一言以蔽之，好嗎？

If I wanted to make a how long?

如果我想做一個多長時間的？

Eight minute video, boom, done.

八分鐘視頻，嘣，完成。

But that's not the end of the story, because there's also a question of how the hell you're gonna win games if the pawn is two squares away from promotion, right?

但這還不是故事的結尾，因為還有一個問題，如果小卒離晉級還有兩格距離，你到底該如何贏得比賽呢？

Like, this is winning for white.

這對白人來說就是勝利。

This is winning because the pawn is two squares away.

這樣就贏了，因為卒在兩格之外。

But how?

但怎麼做呢？

The second this pawn gets here, it's a draw.

這顆棋子一到這裡，就是平局。

Okay, here's the technique.

好吧，這就是技巧。

The easiest thing to do, if it's a bishop's pawn and the king is close, go on the diagonal.

最簡單的做法是，如果是象兵，而且國王距離很近，就走對角線。

Find a square on the diagonal.

在對角線上找一個正方形。

Why?

為什麼？

Well, black has two moves now.

黑棋現在有兩步棋。

Getting in front of the pawn, we know what to do.

走到棋子前面，我們就知道該怎麼做了。

We bring the king, right?

我們把國王帶來了，對嗎？

If the king goes here, you can't just make a b-line for this square, because that's not gonna work, because the king just goes back.

如果國王走到這裡，你就不能在這一格走B線了，因為那是行不通的，因為國王會回去。

There is a move and a kind of a technique in this position which will win you the game, okay?

在這個局面中，有一步棋和一種技巧會讓你贏得比賽，好嗎？

It wins you the game, and it's the move queen to e4.

這步棋會讓你贏得對局，這步棋是皇后走到 e4。

This is the perfect square to monitor black's movement.

這是監視黑棋行動的最佳位置。

Why?

為什麼？

Because if the pawn goes to f2, we have our little trick, and that's it.

因為如果兵走到 f2，我們就有了小把戲，僅此而已。

We've won the battle for the promotion square.

我們贏得了晉升廣場之戰。

We get there, and that's it.

我們到達那裡，僅此而已。

And black doesn't have any other options.

而黑人沒有其他選擇。

Black has to either pin themself, and then we just bring the king, or get in front of the pawn.

黑方要麼先夾住自己，然後我們再把王引過來，要麼就走到兵的前面。

So this is the only little trio of moves that black has here, and we just bring our king, and we win the game.

這就是黑棋唯一的三步小棋，我們只要把國王帶過來，就贏了這盤棋。

That would look something like king b4, king g2, king c3, king g3.

這看起來就像國王 b4、國王 g2、國王 c3、國王 g3。

Like, I'm just not pushing this pawn, right?

就像，我只是不推這個卒，對不對？

Like this.

就像這樣

And here, I mean, you can either go the long way, or here you have to find the move queen to g4.

在這裡，我的意思是，你要麼走長路，要麼就必須找到後走g4。

So there's this spot where you can force your opponent to part ways with the pawn, because they cannot go here.

所以在這個位置，你可以迫使對手與兵分道揚鑣，因為他們不能走這裡。

So they have to go here.

所以他們必須到這裡來。

They part ways with the pawn, and just don't stalemate them when you're trying to checkmate with a queen, for example.

例如，當你想將後時，它們就會與兵分道揚鑣，而不會僵持不下。

You know, don't do this, please, for the love of God.

看在上帝的份上，請不要這樣做。

That's the one thing I'm praying.

這就是我祈禱的一件事。

Don't do that.

別這麼做

Just cut their king off, bring the king, and then it's mate, right?

把他們的國王砍掉，把國王帶過來，然後就可以交配了，對嗎？

So the diagonal is the way you would do this.

是以，對角線就是你的方法。

Now, if I make this a little bit harder, right, because that's always a little bit more fun.

現在，如果我把這個弄得更難一點，對吧，因為這總是會更有趣一點。

Let's do this, right?

我們開始吧，好嗎？

So the king doesn't let our queen get in the way.

所以，國王不會讓我們的王后礙手礙腳。

What do we do?

我們該怎麼辦？

We can still give a check, and the goal is to land on that square.

我們仍然可以給一個格子，目標是落在那個格子上。

So let's say here, black plays like king h1.

假設黑棋下國王 h1。

King h1, it looks like this works, but it doesn't, because of f2.

國王 h1 看起來是可行的，但由於 f2 的存在，它並不可行。

And you just can't take, so that doesn't work.

你就是不能接受，所以這行不通。

So what do you do?

那你該怎麼辦？

Check here.

在此查看。

What's the million dollar square?

什麼是百萬美元廣場？

Hey, hey, remember?

嘿，嘿，還記得嗎？

Remember your training.

記住你的訓練

Queen e4.

皇后 e4