End games can be a little bit more boring and mysterious to study, but you absolutely should, because they're theoretical, which means they're solved, which means that if you're winning a position, you'll know how to win it, and if you're losing, you might know how to draw it using certain tricks.

端遊的研究可能會比較枯燥和神祕，但你絕對應該去研究，因為它們是理論性的，這意味著它們是可解的，這意味著如果你贏了一個局面，你就會知道如何贏得它，如果你輸了，你可能會知道如何利用某些技巧扳平它。

In this video, I'm going to show you all the basics of rook and pawn end games.

在本視頻中，我將向您展示車兵殘局的所有基本知識。

We're going to look at a few theoretical examples, ones that have solutions and concepts already built in, and then at the end, we will look at a practical example.

我們先看幾個理論示例，其中已經包含了解決方案和概念，最後再看一個實際示例。

Timestamps on the video player, as always.

視頻播放器上的時間戳一如既往。

Let's go.

我們走吧

So, the very basic rook and pawn end game position is one that looks like this.

是以，最基本的車卒殘局局面是這樣的。

It's just the absolute basic, and I'm going to introduce a few terms that you're going to be hearing throughout this video.

這只是最基本的，接下來我會介紹幾個術語，你們在整個視頻中都會聽到。

So you've got this pawn, and it wants to become a queen, and you have a rook in the way, and the king is going to walk with this pawn together to get the pawn to promote.

所以，你有這個兵，它想變成皇后，你有一個車擋著，國王要和這個兵一起走，讓這個兵晉級。

Ideally, the rook will have to sacrifice itself for it, and you'll be left with king and rook versus king, and you win the game.

理想的情況是，車必須為它犧牲自己，這樣就剩下國王和車對國王，你就贏了這盤棋。

One more thing is at play here.

還有一件事在起作用。

You've got to look at the enemy king.

你得看看敵王。

The enemy king is not where it needs to be, which is as close to the pawn as possible, literally in front of it, in an ideal situation, and your rook is cutting off this king.

敵方的王並不在它應該在的位置上，在理想的情況下，它應該儘可能地靠近小卒，也就是在小卒的前面，而你的車正在切斷這個王。

This is what this is called.

這就是它的名字。

This king is very far away, three files away, actually, from any sort of defense.

這個國王離任何防禦都很遠，實際上有三檔之遙。

This is completely winning for white, and you would win it by going like this, king to e5, trying to push the pawn.

這對白棋來說完全是勝局，你可以這樣走，國王走到 e5，試圖推兵。

Let's say black gives a check.

假設黑棋下了一張支票。

Doesn't really matter where you move the king.

國王的位置並不重要。

You can move in front, and then slide over.

你可以移動到前面，然後滑過去。

You can also go here, threatening to push.

您也可以點擊這裡，威脅推送。

If I give you another check, notice that you've now zigzagged, and my rook cannot check you anymore.

如果我再給你一次將，注意你現在已經走 "之 "字形了，我的車不能再將你了。

If my rook goes to somehow try to hit you from behind, this is called a backward defense, backward check.

如果我的車試圖從後面攻擊你，這叫做後退防禦、後退制衡。

You will push your pawn.

你將推動你的棋子。

Let's say I check you.

比方說，我檢查你。

You don't want to necessarily move in front of your pawn.

你不一定要走到兵的前面。

You can go here.

您可以訪問這裡。

I'll go here, push, and now there is a technique for me to get out, avoid getting hit by so many of your checks, and winning the game.

我走到這裡，用力一推，現在有一種技巧可以讓我脫身，避免被你的許多支票擊中，贏得比賽。

That is essentially the point, and again, your king is very, very, very far away.

這就是關鍵所在，再說一遍，你們的國王離我們非常非常非常遙遠。

So this is the absolute basic understanding of what this video is all about and why it's important, because some of these things are a little bit harder than others.

這就是我們對這段視頻的基本理解，以及為什麼它很重要，因為有些事情比其他事情要難一些。

And the very first position we are going to look at has the king very close to our pawn and our king and everything like that, right?

我們要看的第一個局面中，國王非常靠近我們的兵和國王，諸如此類，對嗎？

So here, you are pushing the pawn forward.

所以在這裡，你是在把兵往前推。

Your king is moving forward, but it's black's move.

你的王正在向前移動，但這是黑棋的一步棋。

And this position for black is a draw.

黑棋的局面是和棋。

This one is known as the Philidor defense, and what Philidor defense means is black needs to defend the sixth rank.

這一招被稱為菲利多防禦，菲利多防禦的意思是黑棋需要防守第六級。

If you are defending on the opposite side, like you are playing with the white pieces, it would be the third rank, but in general, two ranks away from promotion.

如果您是在對面防守，比如您下的是白棋，那就是第三級，但一般來說，離晉級還有兩級。

Black here plays the move, rook to a6.

黑方在此下棋，車至 a6。

Why?

為什麼？

Because now the king cannot get closer, and essentially what black wants, black doesn't care about checks because the king can shuffle back and forth as long as the rook is moving like that.

因為現在國王無法靠近，而黑棋本質上想要的是什麼，黑棋並不關心檢查，因為只要車這樣走，國王就可以來回洗牌。

If the pawn goes forward to create a shield for the king, because then you will check and potentially mate the enemy king, oh, this happened?

如果兵向前走，為國王制造盾牌，因為這樣你就可以制衡敵方國王，並有可能與之交配，哦，發生了什麼？

Okay, great, let's go all the way down.

好的，很好，讓我們一路向下。

Because now the white king cannot hide from the checks.

因為現在白王無法躲避檢查了。

If the white king comes closer, you have a backward check.

如果白王走得更近，你就可以後退。

You have a backward check.

你有一個後退檢查。

You keep checking, and that's it.

你繼續檢查，僅此而已。

The king's got no shelter.

國王沒有住處

And the second the king starts to drift and run over that way, I mean, you can continue to check me if you want, at a certain moment you can go back and just target the pawn because it's impossible to defend it if the king wanders too far in the distance.

一旦國王開始漂移並向那邊跑過去，我的意思是，如果你想的話，你可以繼續檢查我，在某一時刻，你可以回去，只針對小兵，因為如果國王在遠處漂移得太遠，就不可能防守住它了。

Rook to a6 is a draw.

車到 a6 是和棋。

Okay, and you need to play this move.

好吧，你得走這一步。

I mean, this is the easiest way to draw, sixth rank or third rank defense.

我的意思是，這是最簡單的繪製方法，六級或三級防禦。

But one more thing about this kind of position is that you notice black's king and rook are on the back rank.

但這種局面還有一個特點，那就是你會發現黑棋的王和車都在後排。

And actually, depending on where the pawn is, you can just put your king and rook on the back rank, and it doesn't really actually matter about Philidor.

實際上，根據兵的位置，你可以把國王和車放在後排，這對菲力多爾來說並不重要。

But it's not always so simple.

但事情並不總是那麼簡單。

So here's the thing.

事情是這樣的

Back rank defense, just putting your king and rook on the back rank like this, king in front of the pawn, is a draw if the pawn is a, b, or g, h.

後排防禦，就是像這樣把王和車放在後排，王在卒的前面，如果卒是a、b或g、h，就是和棋。

Okay, so if it's a, b, or g, h, you can just go back to the back rank and you don't have to worry.

好吧，如果是 a、b 或 g、h，你可以回到後面的等級，不必擔心。

In this case, it's not.

就本案而言，並非如此。

It's an f-pawn.

這是一個 F 卒。

So why is this not a draw if you just do back rank defense?

那麼，如果只是進行後排防守，為什麼不是平局呢？

Let's say black goes, okay, no Philidor, just gonna hang out on the back rank, it doesn't matter.

比方說，黑棋說，好吧，我不下菲力多，就在後排等著，沒關係。

Okay, king g6, okay, it doesn't matter, I'm gonna go here.

好吧，國王 G6，好吧，沒關係，我就走這裡。

Okay, f6, doesn't matter, back rank defense.

好吧，F6，沒關係，後排防守。

How are you ever promoting?

你是如何進行宣傳的？

I mean, there is a little technique here for white.

我的意思是，這裡有一個小技巧，是給白人的。

Check, okay, let's say king, king, I mean it doesn't really matter, let's say king to h8.

將軍，好吧，我們說國王，國王，我的意思是這並不重要，我們說國王到 h8。

Check again, king goes here, and now we use this pawn to check.

再次將軍，國王走這裡，現在我們用這隻兵將軍。

And we win like this, and we win, game's over.

我們就這樣贏了，我們贏了，比賽就結束了。

Of course, we win the rook, we make a queen, you know how to do ladder checkmate, not teaching you that in this video.

當然，我們贏了車，做了後，你知道怎麼做梯子將死，這個視頻裡不教你。

But that's the point.

但這就是問題所在。

However, notice if we go back just a couple moves, like let's say this position.

但是，請注意，如果我們往回走幾步，比方說這個位置。

And I edit the position to be like this.

我編輯的職位就是這樣的。

This technique doesn't work for white.

這種方法不適用於白色。

This technique just simply doesn't exist in this position.

這種技術在這個位置上根本不存在。

Because if you give a check, you don't have an extra file.

因為如果你給的是支票，就不會有額外的文件。

And if you go g7 now going for this, you actually lose the game.

如果你現在走 g7，實際上就輸掉了這盤棋。

Because black checks you, you lose your rook, you lose your pawn, you lose.

因為黑棋會吃掉你的車，吃掉你的兵，你就輸了。

So, you know, it really matters. a, b, g, h are the correct pawns to use back rank defense.

a、b、g、h 是用於後排防守的正確棋子。

However, if you don't want to, 6th rank defense is known as Philidor, the pawn cannot cross.

然而，如果你不想這樣做，第 6 位的防禦被稱為 "Philidor"，兵不能越過。

And if the pawn does cross, you jump all the way down to the corner, and you give checks from the back.

如果小卒真的過了，你就一路跳到角上，然後從後面給棋。

Okay, great.

好的，很好

But in this example, the king was in front of the pawn.

但在這個例子中，國王在兵的前面。

Here is an example where our king or the defensive king is cut off.

這裡有一個我們的國王或防守國王被切斷的例子。

In this case, it's only cut off by one rank.

在這種情況下，它只減少了一個等級。

So, okay, it's not like the end of the world.

所以，好吧，這又不是世界末日。

But the white king has managed to zigzag, zigzag, and get in front.

但白棋國王卻 "之 "字形、"之 "字形地走到了前面。

And the pawn is one score away from promotion.

而這枚棋子距離晉級只差一分。

Now, at this moment, the king cannot move anywhere.

現在，此時此刻，國王哪兒也不能去。

So, the pawn is not moving forward.

所以，小卒沒有前進。

But this is called now the Lucena position.

但現在這被稱為 "盧塞納立場"。

L-U-C-E-N-A.

L-U-C-E-N-A。

I should have put it in, like, down there instead of white and black.

我應該把它放在下面，而不是白色和黑色。

But whatever, I didn't do that.

但不管怎樣，我沒有那麼做。

Lucena position.

盧塞納位置。

In the Lucena position, white has a technique to get the king out and then promote a pawn.

在盧塞納局面中，白棋有一個技巧，就是先讓王出去，然後再推進一個兵。

And what white does here is white gives a check first.

白棋在這裡的做法是，白棋先下一步。

This king has to make a difficult decision.

這位國王必須做出一個艱難的決定。

If the king stays as close to the pawn as possible, we just slide our king over and there's no check.

如果國王儘可能靠近小兵，我們就可以把國王滑過去，這樣就不會吃掉小兵了。

There's no check.

沒有支票。

We make a queen.

我們做女王

We win the game.

我們贏了

It doesn't matter if we lose our pawn because we're going to win the rook.

即使我們丟了兵也沒關係，因為我們會贏得車。

Okay, great.

好的，很好

But what if the king doesn't do that?

但如果國王不這麼做呢？

What if the king goes here?

如果國王來了怎麼辦？

Well, now, you have to know the technique.

現在，你必須掌握技巧。

You can't just, like, go running with your king.

你不能就這樣，和你的國王一起去跑步。

What you need to do now is something called building a bridge.

你現在需要做的是搭建一座橋樑。

Your king is going to zigzag away from checks, and at a certain point, your rook will cover the checks.

你的國王會 "之 "字形走棋避讓，到了一定程度，你的車就會覆蓋住將。

If you just go running now, and you try to zigzag, check, check, look what happens.

如果你現在就去跑步，並嘗試 "之 "字形，檢查，檢查，看看會發生什麼。

You can't keep zigzagging because your pawn has no guard.

你不能一直走 "之 "字形，因為你的棋子沒有後衛。

You got to go back, and then I check you, and then we repeat this whole process.

你得回去，然後我檢查你，然後我們重複這整個過程。

But wouldn't it be nice if your rook could be prepared to shield?

但如果你的車能準備好盾牌，豈不更好？

Well, that is why in this position, you put your rook on the fourth rank.

這就是為什麼在這個局面中，你要把車放在第四位。

If you're playing on the other side, you put your rook on that fourth rank, which would be the fifth rank.

如果你下的是對方，你就把車放在第四位，也就是第五位。

And you anticipate that, for example, something like rook g2.

例如，你會預料到車g2這樣的情況。

Now it's time to run, zig, zag, and rook comes to f4.

現在是跑起來的時候了，"之 "字形，"之 "字形，車來到 f4。

Boom, and that's it, and you've won.

嘭，就這樣，你贏了。

You use the check to deflect the king away by one rank.

你用格擋將國王擋開一格。

Put your rook up, and then you use the rook as a shield for your king.

把你的車放在上面，然後用車為你的國王做擋箭牌。

Now there's one bonus example here.

這裡還有一個額外的例子。

Let's say you play rook to d4.

比方說，你將車走到 d4。

Actually, let's back up.

事實上，讓我們倒回去。

Let's say king came a little bit more actively.

比方說，國王來得更積極一些。

So you play rook d4, but now king c5.

所以你下象 d4，現在下王 c5。

Now hold on a second, you can't just go running.

等一下，你不能就這麼跑了。

Well, you can't go running, but you can play rook to f4.

你不能跑，但可以走車到 f4。

And this is a big problem, because now your rook is just escorting your pawn.

這是個大問題，因為現在你的車只是在為你的兵護航。

This rook cannot prevent the king from running in both directions.

這輛車無法阻止國王向兩個方向奔跑。

So if the king goes back to try to get closer, there's king to e8, for example.

是以，如果國王后退試圖靠近，例如國王會走到 e8。

And there's even positions like, okay, they attack your rook, but in time to promote, defend your rook, and you win.

甚至還有這樣的局面：好吧，他們攻擊了你的車，但及時晉級，保衛了你的車，你就贏了。

So that is the Lucina position.

這就是露西娜的位置。

However, the Lucina position is not always winning.

然而，露西娜的位置並不總是贏家。

This is a technique that is important to know, how to build the bridge.

如何搭建橋樑，這是一項必須掌握的技巧。

Rook up, and then zigzag.

車向上，然後走之字形。

But sometimes you get games like this.

但有時你也會遇到這樣的比賽。

I mean, it looks like Lucina, but it depends whose move it is.

我的意思是，它看起來像露西娜，但要看是誰的招式。

If it's black's move, this is something called side checks.

如果是黑棋的棋步，這就是所謂的邊檢。

There's a lot of different ways of defending.

有很多不同的防守方式。

We saw backwards checks earlier.

我們之前看到過倒查。

Sometimes you have side checks.

有時，你還需要進行旁聽。

In this case, rook a8, king d7, and rook a7.

本例中，車 a8、王 d7 和車 a7。

And you can't do anything about this.

你對此無能為力。

If the white rook was closer, potentially you can block.

如果白車更近一些，你就有可能擋住它。

But there are certain examples.

但也有一些例子。

If we go to this position, but we change it, it's now white to move.

如果我們走到這個位置，但我們改變了它，那麼現在就是白棋移動了。

White is, of course, winning.

白方當然獲勝。

Because you can do Lucina.

因為你可以做露西娜。

You can do rook g1, and wherever the king goes, you can put your rook in front of your pawn, and then escort the pawn.

你可以走車g1，無論國王走到哪裡，你都可以把車放在兵的前面，然後護送兵。

Just move your king, and you win.

只要移動你的國王，你就贏了。

So it really depends.

所以真的要看情況。

I mean, Lucina, it's a very theoretical position.

我的意思是，露西娜，這是一個非常理論化的立場。

It's good to know, but at the end, we will look at a more practical example where this kind of stuff is important.

知道這一點很好，但最後，我們將看一個更實際的例子，在這個例子中，這種東西很重要。

And by the way, I just want to show how the Lucina position could even happen.

順便說一句，我只是想說明露西娜的位置是如何產生的。

Here you go.

給你

Here's like the beginning of a rook endgame.

這就像是車兵殘局的開端。

You know, white plays king g4.

要知道，白方下國王 g4。

Notice, white is not even pushing the pawn necessarily.

注意，白棋根本沒有必要推兵。

White is escorting the king first.

白方先護送國王。

Black defends, pushing the pawn.

黑方防守，推兵。

You bring your king.

你帶上你的國王

You're not even pushing your pawn yet.

你還沒推你的卒呢。

You're bringing your king.

你要帶國王來

Most important is the king getting all the way there, right?

最重要的是國王能一路到達那裡，對嗎？

You think, oh, I'm just going to run my pawn.

你會想，哦，我只是要運行我的棋子。

Not so fast.

別急。

King goes first.

國王先走。

Rook g8 check, king goes that way.

車 g8 格，王走那邊。

Why that way?

為什麼要這樣做？

Because if you go in front of the pawn, I just check you.

因為如果你走到棋子前面，我就會把你吃掉。

And then I'm going to win your pawn.

然後我將贏得你的棋子。

So you actually have to outflank.

所以，你實際上必須包抄。

You have to go to h6 first.

你必須先到 h6。

Guard your pawn.

保護好你的棋子

And then when I start bringing my king closer, king to g7.

然後當我開始靠近國王時，國王走到 g7。

My rook tries to stay in front of the pawn, but king g6.

我的車試圖停留在兵的前面，但國王 g6。

Rook goes all the way back, now f5.

車一路後退，現在是 f5。

King attacks the rook.

國王攻擊城堡。

Rook slides back, continuing to cut the king off.

車向後滑動，繼續切斷國王的退路。

And use this same process to get this position, right?

用同樣的程序來獲得這個職位，對嗎？

So that is how it's more practical.

這樣才更實用。

I can just set up a position for you, but you go levy.

我可以給你安排一個位置，但你要去徵稅。

How does that even happen?

怎麼會這樣？

I need to be 20 moves ago to even understand how to get to this position.

我甚至需要回到 20 年前，才能理解如何到達這個位置。

That's why I'm including it.

這就是我把它包括進來的原因。

Now there is an entire chapter of endgames with the rook pawn.

現在有一整章都是關於車兵殘局的。

So a h.

所以是 h。

For the aggressive side, it's better to have the rook behind the pawn.

對於進攻的一方來說，車在兵後面會更好。

We've seen that already.

我們已經看到了。

The rook behind the pawn pushing the pawn forward is better.

車在兵後推兵前進更好。

But sometimes your rook gets stuck in front of your pawn.

但有時你的車會卡在你的兵前面。

White is moving this way.

白方向這邊移動。

Now in this position, if white plays the move a7, white cannot move this rook.

現在在這個局面中，如果白棋下 a7 這步棋，白棋就無法移動這輛車。