Name: 海洋比你想象的要深。我們需要更好的地圖 (The Ocean Is Deeper Than You Think. We Need Better Maps.)
Uploaded: 2025-05-28T22:55:26.000Z
Duration: 13 min 22 s

情態副詞

But the maps that we have of our oceans are actually terrible.

但是，我們所掌握的海洋地圖實際上非常糟糕。

情態助動詞 B1

If you look at Google Maps, you might think that we know the precise topography of all of this, but that's a lie.

如果你看看谷歌地圖，你可能會認為我們知道這一切的精確地形，但這是個謊言。

We know less about the ocean floor than we do about the surface of Mars by a lot.

我們對海底的瞭解遠遠少於對火星表面的瞭解。

We have mapped Mars to a resolution of five meters per pixel.

我們繪製的火星地圖分辨率為每像素 5 米。

For comparison, we've mapped the land on Earth to about 30 centimeters.

相比之下，我們繪製的地球陸地地圖大約只有 30 釐米。

But most of our oceans, 1.5 kilometers, meaning 300 times less detail.

但我們大部分的海洋，只有 1.5 公里，這意味著細節少了 300 倍。

And that's a big problem because we're using the ocean all the time.

這是一個大問題，因為我們一直在使用海洋。

We're laying cables across it to carry your internet traffic.

我們正在鋪設電纜，以傳輸互聯網流量。

And yet, we have a surprisingly limited view of what's below it.

然而，我們對其下方的瞭解卻出奇地有限。

Well, cartographically speaking, water sucks.

For Mars or Earth's surface, we can take pictures, but light doesn't get to the ocean floor, so we need other ways to see it.

對於火星或地球表面，我們可以拍照，但光線無法進入海底，是以我們需要其他方法來觀察。

And the good news is that we're developing that tech right now.

好消息是，我們正在開發這種技術。

There is a terrifying, incredible alien world right there on our own planet.

在我們自己的星球上，就有一個可怕而不可思議的外星世界。

And finally, we're using technology to see it more clearly.

最後，我們正在利用技術來更清楚地看到這一點。

In this video, we're going deep with some help from a friend to show you how we're mapping the ocean, the surprising things that we've found in the depths, and why this new technology could be huge, if true.

在這段視頻中，我們將在一位朋友的幫助下深入海洋，向您展示我們是如何繪製海洋地圖的，我們在深海中發現了哪些令人驚訝的東西，以及為什麼這項新技術如果屬實，將是一項巨大的技術。

Map an ocean floor that nobody has ever mapped before.

繪製從未有人繪製過的海底地圖。

Piece together a complete map of all the world's seabed.

And nobody really knows quite what's down there.

Mapping our oceans is shockingly hard, largely because they're just so much deeper than most people think.

繪製海洋地圖的難度之大令人震驚，主要是因為海洋比大多數人想象的要深得多。

Imagine that you walk off the coast into the water.

想象一下，你從海岸走入水中。

At 10 meters, or 33 feet deep, you're already experiencing an entire additional atmosphere of pressure on your body.

在 10 米（或 33 英尺）深的水下，你的身體已經承受了整整一個大氣壓的壓力。

At 214 meters, you're passing the verified record for a human diver with no equipment, and it's quickly getting darker and colder.

在 214 米的高度，你正在超越人類潛水員在沒有裝備的情況下潛水的已核實記錄，而且天很快就變黑變冷了。

At 828 meters, you're at the depth of the tallest building on Earth, the Burj Khalifa.

828 米的高度相當於地球上最高的建築哈利法塔的深度。

And 1,000 meters down, the world is unrecognizable.

而在地下 1 000 米處，世界已面目全非。

No light from the surface can penetrate these depths.

海面上的光線無法穿透這些深處。

The whole rest of the way is blackness, and you're less than 10% of the way down.

剩下的路都是漆黑一片，而你只走了不到 10%。

1,220 meters, you're in the territory of the deepest military submarines that we know about.

1220米，這是我們所知的最深的軍用潛艇。

Just above it is where we think the infamous ocean gate submersible imploded.

就在它的上方，我們認為是臭名昭著的海洋之門潛水器內爆的地方。

The pressure down here, over 350 atmospheres, collapsed the faulty submersible in a thousandth of a second.

這裡的壓力超過 350 個大氣壓，在千分之一秒內就把有問題的潛水器壓垮了。

For reference, in space, it would take you up to 90 seconds to die.

作為參考，在太空中，你最多需要 90 秒才能死亡。

So, I mean, if you ever have to choose between a few seconds in space or in the deep ocean, choose space.

所以，我的意思是，如果你要在太空中的幾秒鐘和深海中的幾秒鐘之間做出選擇，那就選擇太空吧。

Except, if you want to see aliens, choose the ocean.

不過，如果你想看外星人，還是選擇海洋吧。

The deepest recorded natural point is 10,935 meters, or 6.8 miles deep.

有記錄的最深自然點為 10935 米，或 6.8 英里深。

You might have heard of this spot, Challenger Deep.

你可能聽說過挑戰者深淵這個景點。

If you put Mount Everest into the water upside down, there would still be over a mile until you get to the bottom.

如果把珠穆朗瑪峰倒著放進水裡，到山底還有一英里多的距離。

It's roughly the average cruising altitude of a 737 airplane.

這大致是一架 737 飛機的平均巡航高度。

The ocean is incredibly deep and scary and amazing, which, as you can imagine, makes it very hard to map.

海洋無比深邃、可怕而神奇，可想而知，這使得它很難繪製地圖。

So we have over 70% of our Earth, most of which light can't penetrate and humans can't go.

是以，我們的地球有 70% 以上的面積，其中大部分光線無法穿透，人類也無法前往。

這是地球上最後一個未知的地方。

I can see what looks like a topography of the entire ocean.

我可以看到整個海洋的地形圖。

But if we haven't mapped the ocean in detail, what am I actually looking at?

但是，如果我們沒有詳細繪製海洋圖，我到底在看什麼呢？

We don't have good maps of the global seabed.

我們沒有很好的全球海底地圖。

What quite a lot of those maps have been derived from is using satellite gravity data.

很多地圖都是利用衛星重力數據繪製的。

That's Steve Hall, marine scientist and ocean mapping expert.

這位是史蒂夫-霍爾，海洋科學家和海洋測繪專家。

He told me that because light can't penetrate past a certain distance, satellites use a method that totally blows my mind and has changed how I'm gonna look at the ocean forever.

他告訴我，由於光線無法穿透一定的距離，衛星使用了一種讓我大吃一驚的方法，它永遠改變了我對海洋的看法。

The gravitational field of the Earth isn't absolutely constant.

So if there's a deep trench, there'll be ever such a slight dip down in the sea surface above it.

是以，如果海溝很深，海溝上方的海面就會向下微傾。

If there's a mountain, there'll be ever such a tiny bulge.

如果有一座山，就會有這樣一個小小的凸起。

To create some of the topography that you see on Google Maps, we're using satellites to send radar pulses down to the surface of the Earth, measure the height of the water in different places, and then estimate the shape of the ocean floor.

為了繪製你在谷歌地圖上看到的地形圖，我們利用衛星向地球表面發送雷達脈衝，測量不同地方的海水高度，然後估算海底的形狀。

The next time that you look out across the water, just take a second to appreciate how absolutely bananas this is.

下一次，當你眺望對岸時，請用一秒鐘的時間欣賞一下這絕對是香蕉的世界。

But this radar on the ocean surface technique doesn't give us a very precise view of the seabed.

但是，這種海洋表面雷達技術並不能讓我們非常精確地看到海底的情況。

We still need to fill in a lot of detail.

You're looking at a pretty good approximation of what the shape of the seafloor is like.

你看到的是海底形狀的近似值。

And a lot of that has been put together by good quality, but educated guesswork.

其中很多都是通過高質量的、有根據的猜測得出的。

For example, see these bumps and ridges right here?

例如，看到這裡的凸起和稜角了嗎？

We know that those are underwater mountains, but if you try and zoom in, it gets blurry.

我們知道那些是水下山脈，但如果嘗試放大，就會變得模糊不清。

There's just not enough data to make a clear image.

只是沒有足夠的數據來製作清晰的影像。

Luckily, we have other methods, some that were invented over 100 years ago.

幸運的是，我們還有其他方法，有些方法在 100 多年前就已發明。

In 1913, a German inventor created a device that could send acoustic waves into the water and record the time that it took for them to bounce back.

1913 年，一位德國發明家創造了一種裝置，可以向水中發送聲波，並記錄聲波反彈的時間。

你聽說過這個吧，這就是聲納。

But it wasn't until the 1940s that a woman named Marie Tharp turned those sonar measurements into maps.

但直到 20 世紀 40 年代，一位名叫瑪麗-塔普（Marie Tharp）的女士才將這些聲納測量結果繪製成地圖。

Those maps showed mountains and valleys and all kinds of things that we'd never seen before.

這些地圖上有山脈、山谷和各種我們從未見過的東西。

They were some of, if not the first, ocean floor maps ever created, but they've largely been forgotten by history.

它們是有史以來繪製的一些海底地圖，甚至是最早的海底地圖，但它們大多已被歷史遺忘。

然而，在研究這個故事的過程中、

I discovered that rare physical copies of them exist at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C.

我發現位於華盛頓特區的美國國會圖書館收藏了這些珍貴的實物複製品。

Now, I'm in New York, but I have a friend in D.C., and he loves maps.

現在，我在紐約，但我有個朋友在華盛頓特區，他很喜歡地圖。

I asked my friend and fellow video journalist,

我問我的朋友兼視頻記者同行、

Johnny Harris, to go find these old ocean maps so we could really see the progress that we've made.

約翰尼-哈里斯（Johnny Harris），去找這些舊的海洋地圖，這樣我們就能真正看到我們取得的進步。

字幕列表影片播放

海洋比你想象的要深。我們需要更好的地圖 (The Ocean Is Deeper Than You Think. We Need Better Maps.)

entire

absolutely

obvious

progress