My passion is public speaking,

我對演講很有熱情

and I just recently realized

我最近才發現

that it's been 10 years that I'm involved in championship speaking

我已經參與十年的冠軍演講比賽

and public speaking training.

以及演講訓練大會

I can very vividly remember

我依然可以清楚地記得

the very first time that I gave actually session on public speaking.

第一次我參加一個 (以季為單位的) 公開演講

That was in May 2000, in Hamburg, Germany,

那時是 2000 年的五月，在德國漢堡

and the slide that I used was this one.

我用的幻燈片是這一個。

The excitement in the eyes of the audience

台下觀眾都訝異地看著我

was almost as big as is yours now.

眼睛瞪得跟你們一樣大。

I have to say that since then, I have learned a couple of lessons,

從那之後我就學到一些教訓

but the main thing that I've learned is:

我最主要學到的是

public speaking is not about theory,

公開演講和理論無關，

is not about models and complex things.

也不是典範或複雜的事情。

It's about doing. It's about practicing.

而是關於實作，關於演練

So what I want to share with you today,

所以我今天想分享給你的

are some of the lessons that I've learned when practicing public speaking.

就是一些我曾經在公開演講學過的教訓

I'm going to do that by using what I call the 'speaker's code'.

接下來我要使用一個我稱呼為 「演講密碼" 的報告」

Whenever I look at a presentation,

當我開始報告

I look at the code:

我會檢查這些密碼

Content. Organization. Delivery. Effect.

包含內容、組織架構、表述方法、特效

Let's start with the first one. With content.

我們首先看第一項：內容。

When you join a public speaking training or communication training,

當你參加一個公開演講或是溝通的訓練

you will hear lots of rules.

你會聽到很多規矩

One of them is a very famous rule:

其中有名的一個法則

the 55 - 38 - 7 rule.

就是 55-38-7 法則

It says, in terms of communication,

這提到在一項溝通中

55% is non verbal,

百分之 55 都是非語言的表達

38% is how we say it, how we intonate it,

我們表達的方式和聲調佔百分之38，

and only 7% is what we say: content.

只有百分之 7 才是所謂的「內容」。

I don't believe in this at all.

我並沒有完全相信

For me, in a presentation, content is king.

對我而言，在一個演講之中，內容才是王道。

Content is at the core of a presentation.

內容是演講的核心

So I want to share with you a couple of thoughts.

所以我要分享一些想法給你們。

You have to research your material,

你必須要好好研究考察你的素材

of course you have to dig in, all of these things.

當然你必須深入瞭解所有的事。

But before you take Power Point, Keynote,

但是你在準備 PPT、Keynote 或是

anything, in your hands,

手上任何東西之前，

get a pen and a piece of paper,

先拿一枝筆跟一張紙，

and I would recommend you write down your objective.

我建議你寫下你的目的

Write down, "At the end of this presentation I want..."

寫下 "報告之後我希望..."

and then what is it that you want to achieve.

然後就是你希望達到的成就

It sounds so obvious, but so many people don't do it.

這看起來很明顯，可是很多人都沒有這樣做

In order to set a right objective,

為了設定一個正確的目的

you have to think of another factor.

你必須要顧慮到其他的因素

You have to think of your audience.

你要為你的觀眾著想

Who are they? Why they are there?

他們是誰? 為什麼他們在這裡?

What do they care? What do they know?

他們關心的是甚麼? 他們本來就知道些甚麼?

What do they not know?

他們有甚麼還不知道?

Here I would like to zoom in a bit further.

我們把焦點放遠一點

Because there's something about audiences that is less known.

因為有些事觀眾不清楚

So let's assume you set your objective,

所以假設你已經定好主題，

you did all your homework,

事先做好功課，

you did great research,

你花了很大的力氣研究考察

you practiced, practiced, practiced.

你練習、練習再練習

Then you want that the audience looks a bit like this.

然後你希望觀眾看起來像這樣

You want that they cheer, that they love, that they're fans of you.

你希望他們開心，他們喜愛，他們成為你的粉絲

And then you go out.

接著你亮相。

Then you go out on the podium,

你在講台上亮相。

and I can tell you in 95% of the cases,

我可以告訴你，百分之 95 的情況是

audiences will probably look a bit like this.

觀眾會看起來像這樣

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

What do you do then?

那這時你該怎麼辦?

Standard advice is, look at the people who smile.

標準建議是，看著人群裡微笑的那些人。

In every audience there are some people who smile, who nod,

在座的觀眾有些人微笑，有些人點頭

whatever you say,

不管你怎麼講

they will go, yes, yes, that's brilliant.

他們遲早會離開，是的，這想法很棒

But what about her? (Laughter)

那她呢？（笑聲）

What do you do with her?

你該拿她怎麼辦？

In order to deal with her, let me tell you a little story.

為了處理她，我告訴你一個小故事。

Two years ago, I gave a session,

兩年前，我參加了一場大會

I gave a session to 60 business school students

底下有六十個商業學校的學生

on public speaking.

一個公開演講

When I was roughly 20 minutes into my talk,

當大約進入我談話的二十分鐘

all of a sudden I noticed that a bit in the back

突然間，我發覺底下有些反應

they were two grumpy students.

有兩個比較不耐煩的學生

The grumpy face on, who look at this, and then they start to talk with each other.

不耐煩的表情，看起來像這樣，他們開始聊天。

I thought, "What's going on, what are they..."

我想 "發生甚麼事，他們在.."

...thoughts were going in my head,

許多想法進到我的腦袋

"Hm, should I change my talk, should I change anything?"

嗯，我應該改變我的講話方式，我應該改變任何事嗎?

Then I went on, was distracted. Another person was sitting there.

然後我心煩意亂的繼續下去，其他人坐在那兒

More front row, young student.

許多前排的年輕學生

He did the nods, you know,

他們就是點頭，你了解的

when somebody starts to fall asleep.

當有人開始打瞌睡，

I thought, "What's happening here?"

我在想 「到底發生甚麼事了」

So I tried to make a break very very fast.

我試著講快點，提早讓大家休息

So around about after 40 minutes we made a break,

大約四十分鐘後我們就稍作停頓

students entered the room,

學生進到房間

and then they came.

然後他們過來

The nodder guy as well as the grumpy couple came over to me.

那個點頭的同學以及不耐煩的那兩個人來找我

I was already starting to get prepared for the questions.

我已經準備好要如何面對問題

And then they started, first the nod one.

那個點頭的學生就開始問

He started, "You know, I noticed that you saw me fall asleep,

你知道我注意到你看見我打瞌睡了

and I really have to apologize.

我真的要跟你道歉

You now, we arrived yesterday Brussels, nice city,

你知道我昨天前往 布魯塞爾 (比利時首都)，一個蠻棒的首都

we just went out very long, and I'm extremely tired,

我們在那裏待了非常的久，我相當的疲倦

and I just want to let you know, I like your talk."

我只是想讓你知道，我非常喜歡你的演講

And then the grumpy group started,

接著輪到這兩個不耐煩的學生，

"Actually, during your talk we were discussing,

事實上，當你在演講的時候我們在討論

can we use that for a social organization that we do?

我們是否也可以在社交組織上實際執行?

Can you maybe share some material?"

可以請您分享一些資訊嗎?

At that moment, I had a revelation, when it comes to audiences.

在那個當下，我有一個來自觀眾群的啟發

I had all my thoughts for nothing.

我的想法根本不重要

The key tip I have for you, is:

你們的想法才是關鍵

do not try to 'mind read' your audience.

不要嘗試擅自解讀你的觀眾

There are nodders in every audience,

觀眾裡一定有人打瞌睡，

many grumpy people in every audience.

觀眾裡一定有人不耐煩。

People tell me I'm a very grumpy listener.

觀眾告訴我：我是一個不耐煩的聽眾。

But that doesn't mean I don't like the talk,

但那不代表我不喜歡這個演講，

it just means I'm reflecting.

我只是有些想法。

So what I recommend to you,

所以我建議你們

don't try to mind read during your talk your audience.

你不要在演講的時候去解讀你的觀眾。

Get some feedback afterwards,

稍後你會得到回饋，

but during the talk, just go on.

但是演講中，就一直講下去

Then some thoughts on organization.

接著把想法組織起來。

It has been said a great talk has a great opening, a great ending,

他們說偉大的演講都有偉大的開場，跟強而有力的結尾

and hopefully not too much in between these two.

中間的內容不是那麼重要

That is good advice when it comes to organization.

這對一些組織是個好建議

Tell them what you're going to tell them,

告訴他們你所要表達的

tell them what you've told them.

告訴他們你已經說過的。

But I think there's something missing.

但我覺得這其中有些不對勁的地方

Roughly one year ago, I had to give a session on public speaking

大約一年前，我在一個大會作公開演講

at a conference, good conference, 100 managers roughly over there.

在一個會議，很棒的會議，大約有一百位經理與會。

One hour before my talk, we had a break,

我演講的前一個小時，是一段休憩的時間

good coffee break,

很好的休憩時光

so I was having a coffee,

我喝了一杯咖啡

standing there chatting, and then it happened.

站在那邊聊天，然後事情就這樣發生了。

Somebody crashed into me,

有個人撞到我，

and the coffee spilled all over my shirt.

而且潑得我身上襯衫全是咖啡。

One hour before the session.

就在大會前一個小時

Question: What do you do then?

問題是你會怎麼辦呢?

I had lots of thoughts going on.

我腦袋閃過很多想法

Buy a new shirt?

買一件新襯衫？

Not happening.

不可能。

Reserve shirt? I didn't have any.

備用襯衫，我沒有

Ask somebody for a new shirt?

跟別人要一件新的？

Didn't really work out, nobody my size was over there.

不可行，在座沒人的尺寸跟我一樣

Then I thought, maybe I should enter like this,

後來我想，我應該進去的時候就保持這個樣子

and just give my talk a bit like this during all the time.

就讓我一直保持這個樣子演講

Maybe that would work.

或許這樣可行

No.

不

In the end I started my talk like this, with the stain.

最後我開始演講時就像這樣，伴隨著污漬

But my question to you, what do you think would have happened,

但是我要問你們，你覺得會發生甚麼事

if I would have started,

假設我開始演講

"Good day, ladies and gentlemen,

先生女士大家好

let me talk about presentation skills today."

今天讓我們來談論關於報告技巧

Almost everybody of you would have thought,

幾乎每個人會這樣想

"What's up with the stain?"

那個污漬是怎麼回事？

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

Luckily, in that moment what I call the 'elephant rule'

幸運的是，在那當下，那個被我稱為「大象法則」

came to my mind.

在我腦中靈光一閃。

Sometime ago I listened to a great speech

以前我聽過一場精采的演講，

by a person named Randy Pausch.

主講者是藍迪波許。

Randy Pausch was a professor with cancer,

藍迪波許教授當時患有癌症，

and he gave a so-called 'Last Lecture'.

那就是所謂的「最後一堂課」

He mentioned something that sticks to my mind.

他提到說有些事物縈繞我心

He mentioned something very very profound. He said,

他提到有些事非常深奧。他說：

"When there's an elephant in the room, introduce it."

「當房間裡有一隻大象，介紹牠。」

In his part, that was the cancer.

以他的角度來看，這是一個癌症

For me, what I did then, is saying what happened.

對我而言，我那時做的，就代表發生了甚麼事。

I just told the story to the audience.

我就直接把這故事告訴觀眾

What happened with the coffee, and that was it.

為什麼會有咖啡，這個污漬是甚麼

This is what I would recommend.

這就是我所建議的

So many speakers just go on and leave the stuff that happened there.

許多演講者不過是自顧自地演講，然後把事實棄之不顧。

If you have any elephant in your room, in your audience, or wherever it is,

假設有任何一隻大象在你的房間，在你的觀眾之中，無論牠在哪裡

introduce it.

介紹它吧!

There's a vice-president missing, name it.

這是副總裁的失誤，為他命名吧

Microphone not working, name it.

麥克風壞了，提一下它吧

Things falling off the sky during a talk,

滿天都是是可以演講的事

name it and address it.

提起它並點綴它

And then, only then, go on.

然後，就這樣，去吧

So introduce that elephant.

所以介紹那隻大象

Then we come to the next area, that's the delivery.

接下來我們進到下一個領域，如何表達

Delivery, one of my favorite areas to look at.

表達是我最喜歡觀察的一部分

And there are so many things to look at in terms of delivery.

關於表達有很多事項要注意

People are craving for rule

人們都渴望有規則

I would say, there are a couple of things that can go wrong

我想說，很多事都會出錯

in terms of delivery.

在表達的環節中

Just for example, many of you will have sessions,

舉個例子，你們大部分中都有參加過大會

small sessions, 20 people sitting there,

小型的研討會，20 個人坐在那裏

and there's a presenter over there who has the pen in the hand.

有個演講者在那，手中拿著筆。

You know that, when some people start with the pen in the hand,

你知道的，當有人一邊玩弄手中的筆，一邊開始，

that is probably not the best thing you can do in that moment.

這樣會很殺風景。

Then, in general, there're other dangerous objects.

一般來說，這是最危險的事

I see many of you wear the badges.

我看到你們很多人戴著名牌。

I see many speakers in the training start to play around

我看到很多演講者在訓練時一直在甩

with their badges,

他們的牌子，

or necklaces.

或是項鍊

Or, also a favorite thing,

或是喜歡的小東西，

some speakers start playing around with things in their pockets.

有些演講者玩口袋裡的物品。

Like this one here, with the key.

就像這一個，玩著鑰匙

Key recommendation I would have for you:

我要給你們建議

empty all of your pockets, get rid of all dangerous things.

清空你的口袋，擺脫所有危險的事物

I do that every time when I give a talk,

我每次演講都這麼做，

and that was for demonstration purposes here.

當然現在是為了示範。

Then there's of course the stand.

當然就是站在這裡

Some speakers stand there, five hundred slides,

有一些演講者站在這裡，五百個段落

they will not move, for the whole talk.

演講中，他們不會移動

But then there's also something, what I would call the 'speaker's dance'.

但有些，我稱為「演講者起舞」。

Some start a bit more slow,

有些慢慢開始，

they go from back, forth, back and forth.

他們走到後面、往前、往後又往前

Up until what I would call the 'speaker's disco fox'.

又往上跳，我稱這為 「演講者是迪斯可狐狸」

You know, going always back, forth, back, forth.

你知道，這樣總是往後往前、往後往前

Up until what I would call the 'tiger dance'.

又往上跳，我上為 「老虎舞」

Motivational speakers very often do this.

一直動不停的演講者非常喜歡這樣作

They go from back to forth, from back to forth,

他們從後面到前面，從後面到前面

like a tiger in a cage. Right?

就像一隻關在籠子裡的老虎，對吧?

Typically, the audience would say, after 10 seconds,

通常十秒後觀眾會說：

"Stop, that gets us on nerves."

「停下吧！這讓我們好緊張。」

What does work for me there, walk with purpose.

對我來說，行走是要有目的的

Come natural stand, and then, maybe, if you change your thought,

站姿自然，然後，如果你要改變想法，

yes, then you can move around a bit and then walk.

是的，你可以稍微移動走走。

So, obviously, these were some of the things that one should not do.

所以，顯然，這是一些我們不該做的事

But let's explore a bit further the top of your body language.

但是讓我們一起更進一步發掘最重要的肢體語言

Let's look at him.

讓我們看看他

Now he stands there, starts his talk, moves around a bit,

他現在站在那兒，開始他的言論，移動一點點

hands in the pocket, oh, oh, very bad!

手放在口袋，喔，喔，非常的糟糕

Whoa! Second hand in the pocket. What's going on?

喔 然後手放在口袋，到底是怎樣?

Then he realizes, take out, take out.

然後他發覺，拿開，拿開

So we're all focused on the hands in the pocket.

所以我們都只注意在口袋裡的手。

But frankly, I tell you,

但坦白說，我告訴你們

if we would listen to the sound,

假設我們想聽這個聲音

and would listen to the whole speech,

並且想聽完整個演講

we might not even have noticed it.

我們可能甚至不會注意它

And that gets me to the problem of body language laws.

肢體語言的規矩讓我有些困擾

I tell you another law that is going on.

我告訴你另外的規矩是這樣

Like, I read once, in terms of eye contact,

就好比，我有一次讀過，眼神交會，

one should finish a sentence with one person,

演講者應該看著一個人完成一個句子

after twelve seconds.

在 12 秒之後。

Whenever I actually do that

無論何時我那樣做

and actually talk longer than 5 seconds to one person at a time,

我對一個人一次說話超過五秒

that person feels rather...? Annoyed, exactly.

這個人就覺得非常...？事實上令人心煩。

What works for me, is 1 to 2 seconds at a time,

對我而言，一次一到兩秒

and then move on.

然後移開視線。

So 1 to 2 seconds, that's enough.

所以一到兩秒就夠了。

Like, "Uh, looking at me. But that's enough, please go on."

就好比，哦，看著我，但是那樣就夠了，請繼續

It already shows that some of these laws don't work.