Allow me to start this talk with a question to everyone.

你知道全世界的人 都在為自己爭取自由

You know that all over the world,

你知道全世界的人 都在為自己爭取自由

people fight for their freedom,

爭取權益

fight for their rights.

有些人是跟強制的政府抗爭

Some battle oppressive governments.

有些人所對抗的 是強勢的社會體制

Others battle oppressive societies.

你認為哪個比較難對付

Which battle do you think is harder?

我將會用接下來的時間 來試著回答這個問題

Allow me to try to answer this question

我將會用接下來的時間 來試著回答這個問題

in the few coming minutes.

請讓我帶大家回到兩年前

Let me take you back two years ago in my life.

那是我兒子 Aboody 晚上睡覺前

It was the bedtime of my son, Aboody.

他當時五歲

He was five at the time.

就在準備上床睡覺前

After finishing his bedtime rituals,

他看著我並問了一個問題

he looked at me and he asked a question:

"媽媽, 我們是壞人嗎?"

"Mommy, are we bad people?"

我著實嚇了一跳

I was shocked.

"你怎麼會這麼說呢, Aboody?"

"Why do you say such things, Aboody?"

那天下午他放學回家時 我發現他臉上有些瘀青

Earlier that day, I noticed some bruises

那天下午他放學回家時 我發現他臉上有些瘀青

on his face when he came from school.

他原本不願意告訴我發生了什麼事

He wouldn't tell me what happened.

[但那當下] 他想告訴我了

[But now] he was ready to tell.

"今天學校裡有兩個男生打我

"Two boys hit me today in school.

他們告訴我說: "我們在臉書上看見你媽媽

They told me, 'We saw your mom on Facebook.

你跟你媽媽都應該被抓去關"

You and your mom should be put in jail.'"

我從來沒有隱瞞過 Aboody 任何事情

I've never been afraid to tell Aboody anything.

對於我的成就我總是相當自豪

I've been always a proud woman of my achievements.

但那天我兒子看著我的質疑眼神

But those questioning eyes of my son

是我不得不面對事實的時候

were my moment of truth,

是我不得不面對事實的時候

when it all came together.

我是個曾經坐過牢的阿拉伯婦女

You see, I'm a Saudi woman who had been put in jail

因為我在一個

for driving a car in a country

不允許女性開車的國家裡開了車

where women are not supposed to drive cars.

而我的親哥哥被拘留了兩次

Just for giving me his car keys,

只因為他把他的車鑰匙給了我

my own brother was detained twice,

甚至因為他不斷地被騷擾

and he was harassed to the point he had

他不得不辭去他地理學家的工作

to quit his job as a geologist,

並帶著他的妻子 跟兩歲大的孩子遠走他鄉

leave the country with his wife and two-year-old son.

我的父親則必須參加 禮拜五的一場伊斯蘭教聚會

My father had to sit in a Friday sermon

聽伊瑪目(伊斯蘭教對領袖之尊稱) 指責開過車的女性

listening to the imam condemning women drivers

並在許多來參加聚會的人面前 聽他用妓女來稱呼她們

and calling them prostitutes

並在許多來參加聚會的人面前 聽他用妓女來稱呼她們

amongst tons of worshippers,

當中不乏是我父親的朋友或甚至是家人

some of them our friends and family of my own father.

我當時所面對的 是一連串有組織性的毀謗

I was faced with an organized defamation campaign

包括當地媒體報出了可能是親戚 或街坊鄰居謠傳的不實報導

in the local media combined with false rumors

包括當地媒體報出了可能是親戚 或街坊鄰居謠傳的不實報導

shared in family gatherings, in the streets

就連在學校裡也不得平靜

and in schools.

在在地都打擊了我

It all hit me.

我知道那些孩子 並不是故意要對我兒子動粗

It came into focus that those kids

我知道那些孩子 並不是故意要對我兒子動粗

did not mean to be rude to my son.

他們只是被週遭的大人給影響了

They were just influenced by the adults around them.

而那也不是針對我個人

And it wasn't about me, and it wasn't a punishment

或對我開車這個舉動的一個懲罰

for taking the wheel and driving a few miles.

而是針對我竟敢挑戰 並違反了社會規範的處罰

It was a punishment for daring to challenge

而是針對我竟敢挑戰 並違反了社會規範的處罰

the society's rules.

但是這個故事並未就此打住

But my story goes beyond this moment of truth of mine.

請讓我繼續跟各位說明

Allow me to give you a briefing

這整個故事的全貌

about my story.

那是 2011 年的五月

It was May, 2011,

我在跟一個工作上的同事抱怨

and I was complaining to a work colleague

提到了我所在面對的惱人的事

about the harassments I had to face

只為了可以搭個便車回家

trying to find a ride back home,

雖然我明明自己就有台車 跟一張國際通用的駕照

although I have a car and an international driver's license.

就我所了解的

As long as I've known, women in Saudi Arabia

所有在沙烏地阿拉伯的女性 都對這個禁令很感冒

have been always complaining about the ban,

但是二十幾年來都是如此

but it's been 20 years since anyone

老一輩的人也就這麼過了 現在又能怎麼辦呢

tried to do anything about it,

老一輩的人也就這麼過了 現在又能怎麼辦呢

a whole generation ago.

他當著我的面說了這個 不知算好還算壞的消息

He broke the good/bad news in my face.

"反正又沒有明文規定你不能開車"

"But there is no law banning you from driving."

我抬起了頭，他說得對

I looked it up, and he was right.

沙烏地阿拉伯並沒有這麼一條法律

There wasn't an actual law in Saudi Arabia.

這不過是一個傳統在被神聖化之後 便成了一道不可違背的教令

It was just a custom and traditions

這不過是一個傳統在被神聖化之後 便成了一道不可違背的教令

that are enshrined in rigid religious fatwas

而且是「女性限定版」

and imposed on women.

這個領悟促成了六月十七號的活動發想

That realization ignited the idea of June 17,

我們鼓勵所有的女性在當天開車

where we encouraged women to take the wheel

而且是開上街頭

and go drive.

幾個禮拜之後 我們開始接到這類的警告

It was a few weeks later, we started receiving all these

"妳要是開車出門 小心男性之狼找上妳"

"Man wolves will rape you if you go and drive."

有位勇敢的女性 她的名字是 Najla Hariri

A courageous woman, her name is Najla Hariri,

她住在沙烏地阿拉伯的吉達

she's a Saudi woman in the city of Jeddah,

她公開表示自己開了車

she drove a car and she announced

但她並沒有錄影下來

but she didn't record a video.

我們需要有東西可以證實

We needed proof.

所以我就開車出去 並且在 YouTube 上面上傳了一段影片

So I drove. I posted a video on YouTube.

令我驚訝的是

And to my surprise,

影片上傳的第一天就有上萬人點閱

it got hundreds of thousands of views the first day.

可想而知接下來會發生什麼事呢?

What happened next, of course?

我開始受到威脅跟恐嚇

I started receiving threats

說他們要殺了我或強暴我 為的就是讓我不再進行這個活動

to be killed, raped, just to stop this campaign.

當時沙國的相關當局一直保持沉默

The Saudi authorities remained very quiet.

但我們反而越挫越勇

That really creeped us out.

我與其他的一些行動主義份子 我們當中不乏女性或甚至男性參與

I was in the campaign with other Saudi women

我與其他的一些行動主義份子 我們當中不乏女性或甚至男性參與

and even men activists.

我們想要知道

We wanted to know how the authorities

要是女人真的都開車出門 政府究竟會如何回應當天的行動

would respond on the actual day, June 17,

要是女人真的都開車出門 政府究竟會如何回應當天的行動

when women go out and drive.

所以我找了我的哥哥

So this time I asked my brother

跟我一起 不過我們坐的是警車

to come with me and drive by a police car.

一切都發生的如此迅速 我們先是被逮捕

It went fast. We were arrested,

發誓不會再開車之後就被釋放

signed a pledge not to drive again, released.

但很快又被抓了 他被拘留了一個晚上

Arrested again, he was sent to detention for one day,

而我則是直接進了監牢

and I was sent to jail.

其實我不太清楚我怎麼會被關起來的

I wasn't sure why I was sent there,

因為在我被問訊的時候 並沒有任何的指控

because I didn't face any charges in the interrogation.

但我可以肯定的是 我並沒有犯任何的罪

But what I was sure of was my innocence.

我並沒有犯法 我的衣著也是符合規條的

I didn't break a law, and I kept my abaya

就是沙烏地阿拉伯的女性出門 必須穿的一件黑色外衣

— it's a black cloak we wear in Saudi Arabia before we leave the house —

跟我關在一起的人 不斷地叫我把它脫下來

and my fellow prisoners kept asking me to take it off,

但我清楚知道自己是清白的 我只有不斷地說

but I was so sure of my innocence, I kept saying,

"不, 我今天就可以離開這裡的"

"No, I'm leaving today."

在監獄的外頭 全國上下都陷入了一陣狂熱

Outside the jail, the whole country went into a frenzy,

有些人氣急敗壞地攻擊我

some attacking me badly,

也有些支持我的人開始進行連署

and others supportive and even collecting signatures

希望沙國國王可以釋放我

in a petition to be sent to the king to release me.

九天之後我被放出來

I was released after nine days.

到了六月十七號這一天

June 17 comes.

街頭上到處都是警車

The streets were packed with police cars

也有伊斯蘭教警車

and religious police cars,

但仍是有上百名無懼的阿拉伯婦女

but some hundred brave Saudi women

在那天打破了規條開車出門

broke the ban and drove that day.

而且沒有一個人被捕 我們打破了這個禁忌

None were arrested. We broke the taboo.

(掌聲)

(Applause)

所以我想到目前為止 各位都知道了我們不能開車出門

So I think by now, everyone knows that we can't drive,

或者沙烏地阿拉伯的女性不能開車出門

or women are not allowed to drive, in Saudi Arabia,

但或許沒幾個人知道到底為什麼

but maybe few know why.

我想我可以為大家回答這個問題

Allow me to help you answer this question.

有一份在沙國諮議會中 提出的官方研究報告

There was this official study

有一份在沙國諮議會中 提出的官方研究報告

that was presented to the Shura Council --

諮議會是由沙國國王欽定的

it's the consultative council appointed

諮議會是由沙國國王欽定的

by the king in Saudi Arabia —

這個調查是由一位當地的教授完成的

and it was done by a local professor,

他是位大學教授

a university professor.

他表示這份研究報告 是參考一份聯合國文教會的報告寫成

He claims it's done based on a UNESCO study.

而報告指出

And the study states,

性侵事件、婚外情、私生子 甚至濫用藥物或賣淫的比例

the percentage of rape, adultery,

性侵事件、婚外情、私生子 甚至濫用藥物或賣淫的比例

illegitimate children, even drug abuse,

在女性可以開車的國家裡 比女性不能開車的國家還要高

prostitution in countries where women drive

在女性可以開車的國家裡 比女性不能開車的國家還要高

is higher than countries where women don't drive.

(笑聲)

(Laughter)

我知道 我也是不敢相信

I know, I was like this, I was shocked.

我想：除了我們也沒有別的國家 女性是不能開車了啊

I was like, "We are the last country in the world

我想：除了我們也沒有別的國家 女性是不能開車了啊

where women don't drive."

所以如果你看這張世界地圖

So if you look at the map of the world,

也就只有兩種國家

that only leaves two countries:

沙烏地阿拉伯 跟世界上的其他國家

Saudi Arabia, and the other society is the rest of the world.

我們在推特上發了一篇 嘲諷這個研究報告的文章

We started a hashtag on Twitter mocking the study,

那篇文章上了國際頭版

and it made headlines around the world.

[BBC新聞: 沙國宗教人士警告 "女性若開車恐貞節不保"]

[BBC News: 'End of virginity' if women drive, Saudi cleric warns]

(笑聲)

(Laughter)

我們也才驚覺

And only then we realized it's so empowering

原來嘲諷對手 可以帶來這麼大的影響力

to mock your oppressor.

因為那使他們的最後武器「恐懼」失效

It strips it away of its strongest weapon: fear.

這整個制度是建立在 極端保守的傳統跟習俗上

This system is based on ultra-conservative

這整個制度是建立在 極端保守的傳統跟習俗上

traditions and customs

並視女性為次等的

that deal with women as if they are inferior

女性也是需要被管束的

and they need a guardian to protect them,

所以終其一生女性都必須受這規範管束

so they need to take permission from this guardian,

無論那規範是成文還是不成文的

whether verbal or written, all their lives.

哪怕到死女人的地位都是無舉足輕重的

We are minors until the day we die.

一旦規範成了神聖的宗教規條 那情形就更加嚴重

And it becomes worse when it's enshrined in religious fatwas

而且往往是錯誤地解讀了伊斯蘭教教法

based on wrong interpretation of the sharia law,

或其他宗教法律

or the religious laws.

最糟的是如果這些規條 進一步地被訂定成法律

What's worst, when they become codified

最糟的是如果這些規條 進一步地被訂定成法律

as laws in the system,

就連女性也相信自己是次等的

and when women themselves believe in their inferiority,

還反對其他人對這些條例提出質疑

and they even fight those who try

還反對其他人對這些條例提出質疑

to question these rules.

所以對我來說 真正難的不是那些攻擊

So for me, it wasn't only about these attacks I had to face.

而是要面對針對我個人 兩種完全截然不同的觀點

It was about living two totally different

而是要面對針對我個人 兩種完全截然不同的觀點

perceptions of my personality, of my person --

在我自己的國家裡 我被視為過街老鼠

the villain back in my home country,

但是一旦離開了 卻又成了別人眼中的英雄

and the hero outside.

就拿前兩年發生的兩個小插曲來說吧

Just to tell you, two stories happened in the last two years.

其中一個是當我被關起來的時候

One of them is when I was in jail.

我可以非常確定 當我被關的時候

I'm pretty sure when I was in jail,

這是我被關的那九天裡 各大國際媒體版上的標題 (較正面)

everyone saw titles in the international media

這是我被關的那九天裡 各大國際媒體版上的標題 (較正面)

something like this during these nine days I was in jail.

但在我自己的國家裡 可就完全不是這麼一回事了

But in my home country, it was a totally different picture.

比較多是這樣寫的

It was more like this:

"Manal al-Sharif 被指控 擾亂公共秩序並煽動女性開車"

"Manal al-Sharif faces charges of disturbing public order

"Manal al-Sharif 被指控 擾亂公共秩序並煽動女性開車"

and inciting women to drive."

我不訝異

I know.

"Manal al-Sharif 退出這波宣傳活動"

"Manal al-Sharif withdraws from the campaign."

這也還好啦 下面這個是我最喜歡的

Ah, it's okay. This is my favorite.

"Manal al-Sharif 崩潰並承認

"Manal al-Sharif breaks down and confesses:

「我是受到其他國家指使的」"

'Foreign forces incited me.'"

(笑聲)

(Laughter)

情勢越演越烈 甚至還公開受審跟受到鞭刑

And it goes on, even trial and flogging me in public.

情況真的很不一樣

So it's a totally different picture.

去年我受邀在奧斯陸的自由論壇上演講

I was asked last year to give a speech

去年我受邀在奧斯陸的自由論壇上演講

at the Oslo Freedom Forum.

我感受到從四面八方而來的愛跟支持

I was surrounded by this love

我感受到從四面八方而來的愛跟支持

and the support of people around me,

人們視我為一個正面的鼓勵

and they looked at me as an inspiration.

但同個時間點 當我回到我自己的國家

At the same time, I flew back to my home country,

他們簡直是痛恨我的那場演講

they hated that speech so much.

他們說那是：對沙國國家跟人民的背叛之舉

The way they called it: a betrayal to the Saudi country

他們說那是：對沙國國家跟人民的背叛之舉

and the Saudi people,

他們甚至開始在推特上面下了一個 名為#奧斯陸叛國者的標題

and they even started a hashtag called #OsloTraitor on Twitter.

大概有一萬多個人推了那個標題吧

Some 10,000 tweets were written in that hashtag,

另外還有一個#奧斯陸英雄的標題

while the opposite hashtag, #OsloHero,

推的人就寥寥無幾了

there was like a handful of tweets written.

甚至還有人做了一個問卷調查

They even started a poll.

有一萬三千多個人回覆了這個問卷

More than 13,000 voters answered this poll:

問題是聽完我的演講後 他們認為我究竟是不是個叛國賊

whether they considered me a traitor or not after that speech.

百分之九十的受訪者說 是, 她是是個叛國賊

Ninety percent said yes, she's a traitor.

這就是我剛提到的針對我 兩種截然不同的觀點

So it's these two totally different perceptions

這就是我剛提到的針對我 兩種截然不同的觀點

of my personality.

對我來說 我以身為沙國婦女感到驕傲

For me, I'm a proud Saudi woman,

我也深愛著我的國家

and I do love my country,

也就是因為我愛我的國家 我才會這麼做

and because I love my country, I'm doing this.

因為我相信如果一個社會中的女人沒有自由 那個社會就也不可能會自由

Because I believe a society will not be free

因為我相信如果一個社會中的女人沒有自由 那個社會就也不可能會自由

if the women of that society are not free.

(鼓掌聲)

(Applause)

謝謝大家

Thank you.

(鼓掌聲)

(Applause)

謝謝, 謝謝

Thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you.

(鼓掌聲)

(Applause)

謝謝

Thank you.

但你也是可以從這些事情中學到些東西

But you learn lessons from these things that happen to you.

比方我學到要親自參與在當中

I learned to be always there.

我從監獄裡出來之後做的第一件事

The first thing, I got out of jail,

當然是先洗了個澡啦 我就立刻上網

of course after I took a shower, I went online,

我連上我的推特帳戶跟臉書

I opened my Twitter account and my Facebook page,

並且我學會保持尊重

and I've been always very respectful

即使是面對那些批評我的人

to those people who are opining to me.

我會去聽他們在說什麼

I would listen to what they say,

我也不會光用言論來捍衛我自己

and I would never defend myself with words only.

我會實際付出行動 當他們說我應該要退出的時候

I would use actions. When they said I should withdraw from the campaign,

我對交警處提了第一個訴訟

I filed the first lawsuit against the general directorate

因為他們不發駕照給我

of traffic police for not issuing me a driver's license.

還有其他許多人

There are a lot of people also --

都非常地支持我

very big support, like those 3,000 people

就像那些連署要求釋放我的三千多個人

who signed the petition to release me.

我們送了一份請願書給沙國諮議會

We sent a petition to the Shura Council

希望沙國女性不能開車的禁令可以鬆綁

in favor of lifting the ban on Saudi women,

總共有三千五百多位民眾 跟我們有一樣的信念

and there were, like, 3,500 citizens who believed in that

他們加入了這個連署

and they signed that petition.

其中還有些人 我這裡舉幾個例子

There were people like that, I just showed some examples,

他們不光只是認同 沙烏地阿拉伯婦女所應當享有的權利

who are amazing, who are believing in women's rights in Saudi Arabia,

甚至因為嘗試發聲或說出他們的觀點 而因此遭到不友善的對待

and trying, and they are also facing a lot of hate

甚至因為嘗試發聲或說出他們的觀點 而因此遭到不友善的對待

because of speaking up and voicing their views.

直到今天在提升婦女權益這塊 沙烏地阿拉伯確實有進步一點

Saudi Arabia today is taking small steps

直到今天在提升婦女權益這塊 沙烏地阿拉伯確實有進步一點

toward enhancing women's rights.

由沙國國王 Abdullah 所任命的諮議會