I'd been selected along with a number of public school innovators.

和一群公立學校的創新者一同被選中

We were talking about education.

我們談論教育

I come from the Community College, and in particular,

我來自社區大學，特別的是

I come from Prison Education working with adult inmates,

我從事監獄教育工作，和成年犯人共事

so when I first got this email and I heard about this selection,

所以當我最開始收到這份郵件，聽說這次選拔時

I was convinced that there was a mistake.

我覺得這中間有誤會

So, my family and I go to the White House.

我家人和我來到白宮

We go up to security,

我們走到安檢處

and they can't find us on the list.

工作人員發現名單上沒有我們的名字

So I turn to my wife and I say:

於是我告訴我妻子

"I told you! I knew it! it was a mistake!"

我告訴過你！我就知道，這是個誤會！

(Laughter)

笑聲

Well, all of that is straightened out, --it's really complicated there--,

但是，最後情況好轉--但當時的情況特別復雜

and we're on the panel,

最終我們上了名單

and there's a question about the behavior of students,

出現了一個問題，是關於學生的表現

and someone makes a comment about how their challanges

以及有人認為他們的對學生表現出的挑戰

with the behavior of students, must be nothing

和我們在監獄中的學生相比

compared to mine with our students in the prison.

一定是小巫見大巫

And I knew at that moment that I was in the right place.

此時我發現我來對了

You see, I had the opportunity to tell them

瞧，我有機會可以告訴他們

[that] inmates make the best students!

監獄造就最好的學生！

They do all their homework, they show up everyday,

他們完成所有的家庭作業，他們每天都出勤

and if they don't, I know where they are!

如果他們不出現的話，我也知道他們在哪！

(Laughter)

笑聲

And they never bring their cellphones to class!

而且他們從來不把電話帶到教室！

(Laughter)

更大的笑聲

My wife is a psychotherapist

我的妻子是一名心理治療師

and I'm the Dean at the Community College,

我呢，則是社區大學的院長

and as a side job, we also own and operate

作為一份兼職，我們倆擁有並運行

an independent pre-school through middle school.

一所幼兒園到中學的一體學校

So our conversations can be very bizzare.

所以我們的談話內容會非常怪異

I'll be talking about an issue that's come up at the prison,

我會談到監獄裡出現的問題

she'll be talking about something at the preschool or in elementary school,

她會談到幼兒園或者小學的問題

and so our family slogan has become:

所以我們的家庭宣言已經變為：

"Education from preschool to prison."

從幼兒園到監獄的教育。

(Laughter)

笑聲

And I want to draw on that experience today.

我今天想提及那段經歷。

Today what I want to talk about

今天我想說的是

is the future of prison education,

關於監獄教育的未來

both on how we can have more college in prison,

不僅包括怎樣在監獄裡創辦更多的學校

but also have prison education be more like preschool.

而且還會探討監獄教育與學前教育是多麼地類似

First, let me make the case for prison education,

首先，請允許我介紹監獄教育的案例

and fortunately, it's a really easy case!

幸運的是，這是個非常簡單的案例

The RAND cooperation has just completed a major study

RAND合作小組完成了一個重要的課題研究

looking at prison education across the United States,

研究美國的監獄教育

and here's what they found:

下面是該研究小組的發現

[From] 100 inmates who're released,

在100名釋放的犯人中，

43 will recidivate, they return to prison.

43人會再次犯罪，再次進監獄

If they participate in prison education, 30 will recidivate.

如果他們參加監獄教育的話，只有30人會再次犯罪

Now, 30 is still one in three and it's still far, far too high,

30對於100而言，比例依然太高，相當於1/3.

but the key is in that 13 that don't come back.

但是值得關注的是有13名刑滿釋放人員不會再犯事

See, it's that 13 that means 13 victims that don't happen,

這也會避免13名受害人的出現

13 lives that aren't shattered,

13條生命不會遭到摧殘

13 properties not destoyed,

13處財產不會遭到破壞

13 families that aren't torn apart.

13個家庭不會被拆散

And it is in that 13 that we also see the return on investment.

就是以上的13處被避免讓我們看到了投資回報

RAND estimates that for every dollar spent on prison education,

RAND預估每投資1美元在監獄教育上，

there is a return on investment of $5.

回報額將達到5美元

Here in Washington,

舉華盛頓州來說吧

our Washington State Institute for Public Policy says

公共政策華盛頓研究所認為

that for every dollar invested in vocational education,

每投資職業教育1美元

there will be at least a $12 return.

會產生12美元的收益

And that's a return both to tax payers, to families, to society.

這個回報將回饋納稅者，家庭以及社會。

It also, on an individual level, impacts the inmate who releases.

從個人層面看，也會影響釋放後的犯人。

That individual has a 13% higher rate of employment

那些個體的就業率會高13個百分點

if they've participated in any form of education,

如果他們參加過任何形式的教育

and they have a 28% higher rate of employment,

他們的就業率會提高28個百分點

if they participate in a vocational education program.

如果他們參加過職業教育項目培訓的話

Prison education saves lives.

監獄教育拯救生命。

Prison education saves money.

監獄教育節約金錢。

Now, let me talk about my experience

現在請允許我講一下我的經歷

and how I can twist that into my vision for the future.

以及我怎樣將其融入到我對未來的憧憬。

For the last 6 years I've been working

在過去的6年裡，我一直在

as the Education Director at Collin Bay Olympic Correction Center.

科林灣奧林匹克校正中心擔任教學總監

And in those 6 years, we've been able to do things

在那6年的工作期間，我們竭盡所能地做一些

that we really would not have been able to do 10 years ago.

我們十年前根本不會做的事情。

We have an internet in a box, that we've worked with other partners,

有一個小的包廂裡面有網絡，我們和其他工作伙伴在那裡工作

where inmates are able to sit down

犯人在那個小包間裡可以坐下

and without ever being on the internet, on the streets,

不需要在網絡上或者其他外在地方

can access the same kinds of resources

獲取同樣的資源

that our students, that our community college,

我們的學生，我們的社區大學

would be able to access on the streets.

可以在街上獲取。

So they access Khan academy.

所以他們有機會接觸可汗學院

And they have an edited version of Wikipedia.

他們還擁有維基百科的修訂版本

They have access to a learning management system

他們可以接觸學習管理系統

that's used at every community college in Washington state.

華盛頓州每所社區大學都在使用

They are able to be

他們能夠

just like a Community College students on our main campus.

在我們主校區表現得像一名社區大學學生一樣

We've been able to use this

我們已經能夠使用這種方式

to turn our prison campus into our north-west campus.

將監獄校園轉變為西北校園

And it's changed how we operate.

而且這已經改變了我們的運行方式。

If you could imagine what you could do

如果你能想像你能做什麼

with just taking a little bit of these innovations of technology,

僅僅使用少量的技術創新

and start to look at what we know is working

然後來看看，誠如我們所知

in graduate schools across the country.

它是如何在全國的大學都行之有效的

Let's take a low residency program,

讓我們舉個簡單的實習項目，

and many of you or some of you may have done the program like this.

你們很多人或者一些人肯定有做過這樣的項目。

So picture a team of faculty, kind of your dream team of faculty,

想像一個教室團隊，類似你們想像中的那種團隊

that could come to a prison

來到監獄

and spend a week of face to face interaction

和那些學生進行了為期一周的面對面交流

with those students.

他們為學生們帶來了各種學習設備

They could bring with them simulations,

復雜的科學的模擬實驗室

sophisticated lab science simulations,

因為有很多我們不願意在監獄裡運行的實驗室

because there are plenty of labs that we don't want to run in prisons;

這些試驗室不安全

they're just not safe.

但是你可以帶上科技，你可以將其

But you could take that technology, you could bind it

和團隊指導結合起來，然後不斷提高其和諧性

with that team of instructors and develop that rapport.

然後使用我們現有的科技，

And then using technology that we have now,

如我們可以保障網絡教室的安全，

we could secure an online class room,

所以這個想像中的團隊游走，幾周後，轉到另一個監獄

so that, that dream team moves, a few weeks later, to another prison.

你則開始開發一系列的網絡同步課程，

And you start to build a series of concurrent online courses,

有了這種連接的開始的課程十分重要

that started with that, really very important, connection

然後開始貫穿整個學期

that then continues throughout that semester.

你已經創造了可能性去

And you've now opened up that possibility to have

攻讀歷史學位，這剛好是我攻讀的學位

history degrees, which happens to be where I come from.

笑聲

(Laughter)

媽媽你看，你可以獲取一個歷史學位

See mom! You can do something with a history degree!

（笑聲）

(Laughter)

你可以攻讀科學碩士，你也能學習工程學，

You can have science degrees, you can have engeneering,

當我們做小小的改變後，存在很多的可能性

there's so much more possible when we just change a little bit,

如我們今天早上聽到的一樣，做小小的改變吧

make that small change as we've heard this morning,

如我們怎樣實現我們的服務

in how we deliver our services.

還有什麼是我們能做的呢？

What else can we do?

於是我們帶上這個夢之隊，

So we take that dream team,

而且我們還加上了能力為本的學位

and we also add to it competency-based degrees.

我們還體驗了犯人的生活

And we take the life experience of inmates.

犯人們帶著他們的生活體驗走向我們

Our inmates come to us with a lifetime of experience.

當他們在監獄裡時，他們獲取了終生體驗。

And while they are in prison, they gain a lifetime of experience.

然後我們通過詳細的評估表對他們進行評價，

And we evaluate it, through careful assesments,

我們會證實他們擁有哪些技能

and we identify what are those skills that they have?

他們又需要哪些技能

What are those skills they need?

然後你就可以將我們的研究結果和簡單的實習項目結合

And you combine that with that low-residency program

現在你就可以將其與學位緊緊聯系起來

and now you can get that much closer to degrees,

為學生們創作更多的可能性

opening up the number of possibilities for our students.

然後我們注入其他科技元素，

And then, we add other technologies.

我們加入了平板電腦，類似

So we added a tablet, a simple tablet

iPad類似的平板

like a iPad kind of thing,

我們在裡面下載了所有的課程，所有的材料以及教科書

that we load with all the lectures, all the materials, the textbooks,

對我們而言，我們會使用開放的教育資源

in our case, we would use open educational resources

是因為他們可以免費獲取

because they come with the amazing price of free,

我們下載的教科書

and we load that textbook

包含了監獄裡的學生需要的所有知識。

with everything that an inmate student would need.

所以當一個兩周的課程被鎖住後，

So when a two-week lock-down happens,

課程不會停止，

the education doesn't end,

有了平板之後

and with that tablet

我們可以將這兩種教育方式結合起來。

we combine that with this form of education.

我們開拓了可能性，

And we expand those possibilities.

而且他們是現存的可以使用的所有的科技！

And these are all using technologies that exist now!

我們將這些課程的設置地點從街上移除，

We're moving them from the streets,

安全地挪到了監獄！

securely moving them into the prison!

接下來是幼兒園。

But then there's preschool.

幼兒園和監獄有很多相同之處。

Preschools and prisons have a lot in common.

他們具有相同的規章制度：

They all have similar rules:

遵紀守法，

Keep your hands and your feet to yourself,

不許咬人，打架，隨地吐痰，追逐打鬧

no biting, hitting, spitting, no running.

監獄裡有會客廳，幼兒園有休息室

Prisons have wreck, preschools have recess,

監獄有工藝愛好課，幼兒園則有藝術和手工課

prisons have hobby-craft, preschools have arts and crafts,

監獄和幼兒園都有音樂課

prisons and preschools, both have music,

他們倆都有許多搞笑事件發生。

and they both, have lots and lots of drama.

（笑聲）

(Laughter)

此外，他們還有一個共同點：

But they also share one other thing in common:

他們都在打造一個空間，

They are both about creating a space,

一個個體能夠學習或者重新學習的空間，

a space where the individual can learn or re-learn,

學習怎樣在世上生存。

how to be in the world.

請允許我引用兩個來自幼兒園項目的例子，

So let me draw on two examples from our preschool program.

大多數人應該記得林肯積木套裝，

Many of you wil remember having Lincoln Logs sets,

就是那些小小的積木，使用這些小的物件，

those little logs, with the little pieces

你把他們組裝起來構建堡壘。

and you put them together to build forts.

在幼兒園裡，我們最近打造了一套真正的林肯積木，

At our preschool, we recently made a real Lincoln logs set,

我指的是那種6尺長的林肯積木。

and I mean 6 foot long Lincoln Logs.

我們是專程做的，

And we did that intentionally,

因為能使其成功的唯一方法

because the only way to make it work,

就是讓這些孩子一起工作。

is for those children to work together.

因為沒有任何一個小孩可以移動6尺長的林肯積木！

Because no one child can move a 6 foot long Lincoln log!

小朋友們必須一起合作去搭建積木

They have to work together to build

這樣他們就可以領會這種創造的樂趣，

and so they learn through that exercise the joy of creating,

當你准備去創造一些事物，

when you get to create something,

當你准備去破壞一些事物時，

when you get to destroy something,

破壞前征得了物主的同意。

that you get the owners permission.

（笑聲）

(Laughter)

你有機會去共同創造。

You have that opportunity to build together.

我們熟知的另外一件事是

The other thing we know

有意義的學習不會發生

is that no significant learning happens

如果沒有重要的關系的話。

without a significant relationship.

我們會還知道，當你回想孩時經歷時，

And we know, when you think back to your experiences as a child,

那些早期的

that it is those early relationships

和老師的關系是如此重要。

with those teachers that are so vital.

我們將這兩個觀念

So we take those 2 ideas

以及我們如何將這些觀念融入到未來視覺中去。

and how do we incorporate those into this furture vision?

我們用微妙的方式進行處理。

Well we do it in subtle ways.

我曾經和一名犯人

I used to work with an inmate

他犯下了嚴重的罪行。

who had committed absolutely terrible crimes.

而且當他被關進監獄後，

And even when he was incarcerated,

他坦白了一些可怕的襲擊行為。

he committed some terrible assaults.

但是他已經變了，他作了一些其他的決定，

But he had changed, made some other decisions,

現在他在我們的成人基礎教育教室裡面工作。

and now he was working in our adult basic education classroom.

他正在學習如何放磁帶，

And he was learning how to take cassette tapes...

你們有的人可能都不知道磁帶是什麼，

--some of you may not know what those are--,

（笑聲）

(Laughter)

我才意識到這一點。

--I 've just realized that!--,

然後將其數字化並把它放在教科書旁邊，

and digitizing them and putting them next to books

文化低的學生才能

so that low literacy students

同時聽到和閱讀這些文字。

could read and hear the words at the same time.

這讓他很沮喪。

It was really frustrating for him.

當他處理這些事情的時候，他會走過來：

As he's working through that he'd come to me:

沃爾什先生，我不知道該怎麼做。

"Mr Walsh, I don't know how to do this!"

我則會回應：

And I'd say:

我也不知道怎麼做，你接著琢磨直到它工作為止！

"I don't know how to do it either, break it 'till it works!"

他就會走回去，然後繼續工作，

And he'd go back, and he'd work on it

然後他又會來跟我講：

and he'd work on it, and he'd come to me and say:

我又把它弄壞了，我必須把它修好。

"I broke it again, I got to restore it!

雖然我又把它弄壞了，但是我快接近成功了！

I broke it again, but i'm getting closer!

我會一直把它弄壞直到讓它工作為止。

I'm breaking it till it works!"

他在一個安全的環境裡進行實驗。

And he's experiment with it in a safe enviroment.

我有一個學園藝的學生，

In our horticulture program I had a student

他從未做過園藝工作，

who had never once gardened,

甚至都沒有與植物有任何接觸。

who had never had anything to do with plants.

眾所周知，學習園藝具有治療效果。

And we know that horticulture is theraputic.

他來找我，或者我去找他

And he came to me, or I came to him

我能看到的是他臉上燦爛的笑容，

and he was showing me with just this utter joy on his face,

他為世界帶來了

what he was able to bring into the world:

他自己親自種植的一個花園，

a garden plot that he had planted,

他精心照料這個花園，

that he had taken care of,

與此同時，他還學習了植物學和生物，

and at the same time he was learning botany and biology.

我有一個我從商業項目驅逐出去的學生。

I had a student who I had expelled from our business program.

那個項目真的不適合他，

It was really not a good fit for him there,

他最終選擇了烘焙課。

and so he'd eventually chosen to end up in our baking program.

我對烘焙課有一點了解，

And the one thing I know about that baking program

我有一個指導老師，每當我問他

is that I have an instructor, who everyday, when I ask him

做得怎樣時，他只會說：

how things are going, he says:

我太開心了！

"I'm just having so much fun!"

這個學生能做出

And this student, in that class, could make

你所見過的最漂亮的辮子面包。

the most beautiful braided breads that you've ever seen.