after an attempted coup left Turks, businesses, and international allies unsure of who was in charge of the country

Clashes between police loyal to President Erdogan and the faction of the military began on Friday night

and soon turned violent with loud explosions rocking the cities of Ankara and Istanbul and jets flying overhead

Police officers arrested soldiers trying to enter the presidential palace

the Anadolu News Agency reported as members of parliament hid in the parliament building

President Erdogan landed in Istanbul on his presidential plane just after 2 am local time

Earlier, he had appeared on television from an undisclosed location via a mobile phone video app

calling on citizens to come out on the streets to defeat the uprising

Military coups have toppled Turkish governments at least three times since 1960

On Friday night, a previously unknown group calling itself the Council for Peace in the Homeland said it had taken over

to reinstate constitutional order, human rights and freedoms

the rule of law, and the general security that was damaged

Mr. Erdgogan and others in his government blamed Fethullah Gulen, a US-based preacher who was once his ally

Those spokesmen for Mr. Gulen denied that he was involved

Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson, Financial Times