I wanted to save the world and then make everyone happy.

我想拯救世界及令全部的人快樂。

But I knew that I'd need superpowers

但我明白我需要超能力

to make my dreams come true.

才可以夢想成真。

So I used to embark on these imaginary journeys

因此我開始了幻想式的旅程

to find intergalactic objects from planet Krypton,

去氪星球(超人國土)尋找一些銀河物體，

which was a lot of fun,

這些旅程很好玩，

but didn't get much result.

但當然沒有什麼成果。

When I grew up and realized

當我長大後發覺到

that science fiction was not a good source for superpowers,

科幻小說並不是尋找超能力的好地方，

I decided instead to embark on a journey of real science,

我決定開始從真正旳科學旅程

to find a more useful truth.

尋找一些較有用的真理。

I started my journey in California

我從加州開始我的旅程

with a UC Berkley 30-year longitudinal study

在柏克萊加州大學,，一個三十多年的縱貫性研究

that examined the photos of students

在舊學生年冊裡

in an old yearbook

觀察學生的照片，

and tried to measure their success and well-being

嘗試計算他們一生中的

throughout their life.

成就和幸福。

By measuring their student smiles,

透過測量學生的微笑，

researchers were able to predict

研究人員能夠預測

how fulfilling and long-lasting

該學生的婚姻

a subject's marriage will be,

是否滿足和是否長久，

how well she would score

和該學生在標準化

on standardized tests of well-being

幸福評量中的得分，

and how inspiring she would be to others.

和該學生將帶給別人多少啟發。

In another yearbook, I stumbled upon Barry Obama's picture.

在另一本年冊裡，我偶然發現了Barry Obama的照片。

When I first saw his picture,

當我第一次看到他的照片,

I thought that these superpowers came from his super collar.

我認為他的超能力是來自他的超大衣領。

But now I know it was all in his smile.

但是現在我知道是來自他的笑容。

Another aha! moment

另一個「 啊！」的時刻

came from a 2010 Wayne State University research project

來自2010年韋恩州立大學的研究計畫

that looked into pre-1950s baseball cards

探討五十年代前

of Major League players.

美國職棒大聯盟的棒球卡。

The researchers found

研究人員發現

that the span of a player's smile

利用一個球員的笑容有多少燦爛

could actually predict the span of his life.

便可以預測他的壽命。

Players who didn't smile in their pictures

那些在他們的照片沒有笑容的球員

lived an average of only 72.9 years,

平均壽命僅72.9歲，

where players with beaming smiles

而那些有燦爛笑容的球員，

lived an average of almost 80 years.

平均壽命近80歲。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

The good news is that we're actually born smiling.

好消息是，我們實際上是微笑著誕生。

Using 3D ultrasound technology,

使用3D超音波技術，

we can now see that developing babies appear to smile,

現在我們可以看到，即使在子宮裡

even in the womb.

成長中的嬰兒似乎都是微笑的。

When they're born,

當嬰兒出生時，

babies continue to smile --

他們繼續微笑--

initially, mostly in their sleep.

初期大多是在睡眠中。

And even blind babies smile

甚至失明的嬰兒

to the sound of the human voice.

聽到人的聲音也會微笑。

Smiling is one of the most basic, biologically-uniform

微笑是人類一種最基本，

expressions of all humans.

最統一的表達方式。

In studies conducted in Papua New Guinea,

在巴布亞新幾內亞的實驗中，

Paul Ekman,

Paul Ekman，

the world's most renowned researcher on facial expressions,

一位研究情緒和臉部表情的美國心理學權威，

found that even members of the Fore tribe,

發現在Fore部落中的成員，

who were completely disconnected from Western culture,

即使與西方文化完全隔絕,

and also known for their unusual cannibalism rituals,

即使他們有眾所週知的不尋常的同類相食儀式，

attributed smiles to descriptions of situations

他們和你我一樣,

the same way you and I would.

也會在類似的情況微笑。

So from Papua New Guinea

從巴布亞新幾內亞

to Hollywood

到好萊塢

all the way to modern art in Beijing,

到在北京現代藝術，

we smile often,

我們總是帶著微笑，

and you smile to express joy

我們用微笑來表達喜悅

and satisfaction.

和滿足感。

How many people here in this room

在這個房間裡,

smile more than 20 times per day?

有多少人會每天微笑超過二十次？

Raise your hand if you do. Oh, wow.

如果你會，請舉起你的手。哇。

Outside of this room,

在這個房間外，

more than a third of us smile more than 20 times per day,

超過三分之一的人每天會微笑超過二十次，

whereas less than 14 percent of us

而微笑少於五次的

smile less than five.

只有百分之十四以下。

In fact, those with the most amazing superpowers

事實上，最有這種驚人超能力的

are actually children,

是孩子們，

who smile as many as 400 times per day.

他們每天微笑多達四百次。

Have you ever wondered why being around children

你有沒有想過為什麼與時常笑的孩子

who smile so frequently

待在一塊兒

makes you smile very often?

也會讓你經常微笑？

A recent study at Uppsala University in Sweden

最近在瑞典Uppsala大學的一項研究

found that it's very difficult to frown

發現當看著人微笑時

when looking at someone who smiles.

別人要皺眉是非常困難的。

You ask, why?

你會問，為什麼？

Because smiling is evolutionarily contagious,

因為微笑是在具有演化的傳染性，

and it suppresses the control

它抑制了我們

we usually have on our facial muscles.

平常對臉部肌肉的控制能力。

Mimicking a smile

模仿一個微笑，

and experiencing it physically

和實際體驗一個微笑

help us understand whether our smile is fake or real,

能讓我們了解我們的微笑是真是假，

so we can understand the emotional state

令我們可以理解微笑者的

of the smiler.

情緒狀態。

In a recent mimicking study

在法國Clermont-Ferrand大學

at the University of Clermont-Ferrand in France,

最近一次模仿的研究,

subjects were asked to determine

受試者被要求確定

whether a smile was real or fake

微笑是真是假,

while holding a pencil in their mouth

但他們亦要同時用口含住鉛筆

to repress smiling muscles.

壓制微笑的肌肉。

Without the pencil, subjects were excellent judges,

沒有鉛筆，受試者是優秀的評判員，

but with the pencil in their mouth --

但是，當鉛筆在口裡，

when they could not mimic the smile they saw --

當他們不能模仿看到的笑容，

their judgment was impaired.

判斷能力馬上變差。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

In addition to theorizing on evolution in "The Origin of Species,"

除了寫了進化理論的《 物種起源 》，

Charles Darwin also wrote

Charles Darwin亦寫了

the facial feedback response theory.

臉部反應的理論。

His theory states

他的理論陳述

that the act of smiling itself

微笑的舉動實際上

actually makes us feel better --

使我們得到更好的感覺 --

rather than smiling being merely a result

而不是單純為一個好的感覺

of feeling good.

而微笑。

In his study,

在他的研究裡，

Darwin actually cited a French neurologist, Guillaume Duchenne,

Darwin列舉了法國神經學家，Guillaume Duchenne，

who used electric jolts to facial muscles

他使用電能震動來刺激

to induce and stimulate smiles.

臉部肌肉誘發微笑。

Please, don't try this at home.

請你們不要在家裡嘗試。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

In a related German study,

在德國一份相關的研究裡，

researchers used fMRI imaging

研究人員使用功能性核磁共振攝影

to measure brain activity

測量大腦活動，

before and after injecting Botox

拍攝在注射抑制微笑肌肉的

to suppress smiling muscles.

肉毒桿菌前與注射後的照片。

The finding supported Darwin's theory

結果發現支持Darwin的理論,

by showing that facial feedback

當我們臉部表情的反應是微笑時，

modifies the neural processing

我們的神經處理系統會改變

of emotional content in the brain

影響大腦的情感部分

in a way that helps us feel better when we smile.

在某種程度上，令我們可以有更好的感覺。

Smiling stimulates our brain reward mechanism

微笑刺激我們大腦獎勵的機能

in a way that even chocolate --

就算是深受

a well-regarded pleasure inducer --

眾人喜愛的巧克力

cannot match.

都無法比擬。

British researchers found that one smile

英國研究人員發現，

can generate the same level of brain stimulation

一個微笑產生的大腦刺激可以等同於

as up to 2,000 bars of chocolate.

二千塊巧克力糖的影響。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

Wait. The same study found

還有，同一項研究發現

that smiling is as stimulating

微笑的刺激能力也等同於

as receiving up to 16,000 pounds Sterling in cash.

獲得高達一萬六千英鎊現金的感覺。

That's like 25 grand a smile.

一個微笑就像是二萬五千元。

It's not bad.

這挺不錯的。

And think about it this way:

試想：

25,000 times 400 --

二萬五千元乘以四百 (個微笑)--

quite a few kids out there

外面有不少孩子

feel like Mark Zuckerberg every day.

每天都有像Mark Zuckerberg的感覺(facebook創造者) 。

And, unlike lots of chocolate,

而且，不像大量的巧克力，

lots of smiling can actually make you healthier.

多些微笑實際上可以讓你更健康。

Smiling can help reduce the level

微笑可以幫助降低

of stress-enhancing hormones

會提升壓力的荷爾蒙，

like cortisol, adrenaline and dopamine,

如皮質醇，腎上腺素和多巴胺，

increase the level of mood-enhancing hormones

它們提高增強情緒的荷爾蒙

like endorphin

如腦內啡

and reduce overall blood pressure.

也能降低整體血壓。

And if that's not enough,

如果這還不夠，

smiling can actually make you look good

在別人眼中,

in the eyes of others.

微笑是好看的。

A recent study at Penn State University

在賓州州立大學最近的一項研究

found that when you smile,

發現當你微笑時

you don't only appear to be more likable and courteous,

你不僅顯得更可愛，有禮貌，

but you actually appear to be more competent.

你實際上顯得更能幹。

So whenever you want to look great and competent,

所以每當你想看起來非常能幹，

reduce your stress

減低你的壓力

or improve your marriage,

或改善你的婚姻，

or feel as if you just had a whole stack of high-quality chocolate --

或想有吃了成堆高品質巧克力的感覺--

without incurring the caloric cost --

又不想產生熱量 --

or as if you found 25 grand in a pocket

或像在一件舊外套的口袋裡

of an old jacket you hadn't worn for ages,

找到二萬五千元的感覺，

or whenever you want to tap into a superpower

又或者當你想擁有那種

that will help you and everyone around you

能幫助你和你周圍的人活得

live a longer, healthier, happier life,

更長久，更健康，更幸福的超能力，

smile.

請微笑。

(Applause)

(掌聲)