Name: 300秒內的300年化石燃料歷史 (300 Years of FOSSIL FUELS in 300 Seconds)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:00:55.000Z
Duration: 5 min 39 s

The Earth was formed 4.5 billion years ago.

and start burning coal, but they use up the coal on the ground.

並開始燃燒煤炭  但他們用光了平地上的煤

Miners dig deep. Coal mines fill with water.

於是礦工往深處挖掘  煤礦裡充滿了水

Samuel Newcomen invents a coal-burning steam engine

托瑪斯·紐科門發明一種燃煤的蒸汽引擎

to pump out water so miners can keep digging.

把水抽出去  好讓礦工們能夠繼續挖礦

James Watt makes it practical for other uses.

詹姆斯·瓦特把此引擎改進  用於其它用途

Now we have ingredients for the Industrial Revolution

於是就有了工業革命的誕生條件

fossil fuels and a way to put them to work.

Coal miners bog down lugging coal. Rails make it easier.

礦工們陷入使勁挖礦的泥沼  但鐵路使事情變簡單些

Rails and steam engine combined make a railroad.

鐵軌和蒸汽引擎的結合造就了鐵路

Michael Faraday makes the first electric motor.

麥可·法拉第製造了第一個電動馬達

Nicola Tesla invents alternating current.

Soon, utility companies start burning coal to generate electricity.

很快地  公共企業開始燃燒煤以產生電力

Meanwhile, Edwin Drake drills the first Rock Oil well in Pennsylvania.

同時  埃德溫·德雷克在賓夕法尼亞州開鑿了第一個石油井

and Carl Daimler builds an automobile running on petroleum.

然後卡爾·本茨和戈特裡布·戴姆勒  建造了靠石油運作的汽車

Coal tar and oil are turned into industrial chemicals

煤焦油和石油變成工業的化學材料

and pharmaceuticals that prolong life. More population growth.

而藥物延長人的壽命  人口增長更多了

The Wright brothers start oil fueled aviation.

萊特兄弟開始以油為燃料的飛行嘗試

Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch make fertilizer from fossil fuels.

弗裡茨·哈伯和卡爾·博施從石化燃料中製造肥料

expand food production, feeding more people.

擴大了食物的產量  養活更多人

World War I is the first fossil fueled conflict.

第一次世界大戰  是第一個使用石化燃料的衝突

Then comes World War II, giving us guided missiles and atom bombs.

接著第二次世界大戰 更帶來了導彈和原子彈

In between is a great depression partly caused by overproduction.

在兩次戰爭期間的大蕭條  部份原因是由於生產過剩

Powered assembly lines make products faster than people need them.

由電力驅動的生產線  製造產品的速度比人們所需還快

Advertising executives invent consumerism to soak up overproduction.

廣告主管們創造了消費主義來吸收過剩的生產

Advertisers use television to hook new generations of consumers.

廣告商利用電視來引誘新一代的消費者

Everyone's shocked to realize how dependent they are on oil.

每個人都嚇壞了  並意識到他們是多麼依賴石油

With the energy crisis, the environmental movement is born.

隨著能源危機的發生  環保運動誕生了

But oil prices fall and everyone forgets energy shortages.

但油價下降  然後每個人又忘了能源的短缺

There's a showdown between market and planned economies.

在市場和計劃經濟之間有一個最終決戰

市場贏了  邪惡的蘇聯帝國掰了

Politicians decide the market will solve everything.

政客們相信市場將會解決一切問題

Globalization takes over when the market notices

當市場意識到時  全球化已接管了世界

Suddenly everyone has a cell phone. But world oil production stalls out.

突然間  人人都擁有手機  但世界的石油生產減緩

China's now burning half the world's coal to make export products.

中國現在燃燒世界上一半的煤  用以製造出口產品

But where will China get more coal and oil to fuel more growth?

但中國將能得到更多的煤和石油  以刺激更多成長嗎?

Rising CO2-levels lead to record heat waves,

上升的二氧化碳含量  導致了破記錄的熱浪

Top soil erodes by 25 billion tons a year  from industrial agriculture.

由於產業化的農業  導致地表土壤每年被腐蝕250億噸

Species go extinct at a thousand times normal rates.

物種以快於正常速率的一千倍滅絕

Oil companies drill in miles of sea water because the easy oil is gone.

石油公司在海底數英里以下開挖  因為石油不再容易開採

But a deep water oil platform explodes and fouls the Gulf of Mexico.

然而深海的鑽油平台發生爆炸  把墨西哥灣搞糟了

Manufacturing moves to polluting countries where labor is cheap

製造業搬到勞動力廉價的國家  進而製造污染

The financial sector is forty percent of the economy!

Banks fail. Unemployment soars. Credit evaporates!

銀行失靈  失業率飆升  信用蒸發!

Ok, present time. It's amazing how far we've come

好吧  回到現在  令人驚訝的是  我們在兩百年間

in two hundred years. Just three human lifetimes

走了多遠  從工業主義開始到現在的

from the beginning of industrialism until now.

We can't keep dumping carbon in the atmosphere.

We can't keep growing population and consumption

or basing our economy on depleting fossil fuels.

We can't just print more money to solve the debt crisis.

我們不能靠印更多的錢來解決債務危機

It's been an exhilarating ride but there are limits.

這一直以來都是讓人興奮的旅途  但有極限

No, it's not the end of the world but we have to do four things fast.

不  這不是世界末日  但我們必須立刻做四件事

Adapt to the end of economic growth as we've known it.

2.適應我們所謂"經濟增長"的終結

stabilize population at a sustainable level,

and deal with our legacy of environmental destruction.

In short, we have to live within nature's budget

簡言之  我們必須在自然中量力而為

of renewable resources at rates of natural replenishment.

靠著可再生能源的自然回復速率

but none can fully replace fossil fuels in the time we have.

但目前沒有一種能完全取代石化燃料的能源

Also, we've designed and built our infrastructure

同樣  我們設計並建造了基礎設施

for transport, electricity and farming to suit oil, coal and gas.

比如交通 電力 農業  以適用石油 煤 瓦斯

Changing to different energy sources will require us to

為了適應使用不同的能源  我們必須

redesign cities, manufacturing processes, health care and more.

重新設計城市 製造流程 醫療保健等

We'll also have to rethink some of our cultural values.

我們也必須重新思考一些文化價值觀

None of our global problems can be tackled in isolation

全球性問題沒有一個能夠單獨解決

We have to prepare for business as unusual.

我們必須要準備面對不同以往的狀況

the ability to absorb shocks and keep going.

能吸收衝擊的能力  並繼續走下去

字幕列表影片播放

300秒內的300年化石燃料歷史 (300 Years of FOSSIL FUELS in 300 Seconds)

resilience

crisis

ruin

tackle