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  • Imagine a future where your toaster anticipates what kind of toast you want.

  • During the day, it scans the Internet for new and exciting types of toast.

  • Maybe it asks you about your day, and wants to chat about new achievements in toast technology.

  • At what level would it become a person?

  • At which point will you ask yourself if your toaster has feelings?

  • If it did, would unplugging it be murder?

  • And would you still own it? Will we someday be forced to give our machines rights?

  • AI is already all around you.

  • It makes sure discounters are stocked with enough snacks,

  • it serves you up just the right Internet ad, and you may have even read a new story written entirely by a machine.

  • Right now we look at chat bots like Siri and laugh at their primitive simulated emotions,

  • but it's likely that we will have to deal with beings that make it hard to draw the line

  • between real and simulated humanity.

  • Are there any machines in existence that deserve rights?

  • Most likely, not yet. But if they come, we are not prepared for it.

  • Much of the philosophy of rights is ill-equipped to deal with the case of Artificial Intelligence.

  • Most claims for right, with a human or animal, are centered around the question of consciousness.

  • Unfortunately, nobody knows what consciousness is.

  • Some think that it's immaterial, others say it's a state of matter, like gas or liquid.

  • Regardless of the precise definition, we have an intuitive knowledge of consciousness because we experience it.

  • We are aware of ourselves and our surroundings, and know what unconsciousness feels like.

  • Some neuroscientists believe that any sufficiently advanced system can generate consciousness.

  • So, if your toaster's hardware was powerful enough, it may become self-aware.

  • If it does, would it deserve rights?

  • Well, not so fast. Would what we define as "rights" make sense to it?

  • Consciousness entitles beings to have rights because it gives a being the ability to suffer.

  • It means the ability to not only feel pain, but to be aware of it.

  • Robots don't suffer, and they probably won't unless we programmed them to.

  • Without pain or pleasure, there's no preference, and rights are meaningless.

  • Our human rights are deeply tied to our own programming, for example we dislike pain

  • because our brains evolved to keep us alive.

  • To stop us from touching a hot fire, or to make us run away from predators.

  • So we came up with rights that protect us from infringements that cause us pain.

  • Even more abstract rights like freedom are rooted in the way our brains are wired

  • to detect what is fair and unfair.

  • Would a toaster that is unable to move, mind being locked in a cage?

  • Would it mind being dismantled, if it had no fear of death?

  • Would it mind being insulted, if it had no need for self-esteem?

  • But what if we programmed the robot to feel pain and emotions?

  • To prefer justice over injustice, pleasure over pain and be aware of it?

  • Would that make them sufficiently human?

  • Many technologists believe that an explosion in technology would occur,

  • when Artificial Intelligence can learn and create their own Artificial Intelligences,

  • even smarter than themselves.

  • At this point, the question of how our robots are programmed will be largely out of our control.

  • What if an Artificial Intelligence found it necessary to program the ability to feel pain,

  • just as evolutionary biology found it necessary in most living creatures?

  • Do robots deserve those rights?

  • But maybe we should be less worried about the risk that super-intelligent robots pose to us,

  • and more worried about the danger we pose to them.

  • Our whole human identity is based on the idea of human exceptionalism,

  • that we are special unique snowflakes, entitled to dominate the natural world.

  • Humans have a history of denying that other beings are capable of suffering as they do.

  • In the midst of the Scientific Revolution, René Descartes argued animals were mere automatarobots if you will.

  • As such, injuring a rabbit was about as morally repugnant as punching a stuffed animal.

  • And many of the greatest crimes against humanity were justified by their perpetrators

  • on the grounds that the victims were more animal than civilized human.

  • Even more problematic is that we have an economic interest in denying robot rights.

  • If can coerce a sentient AIpossibly through programmed tortureinto doing as we please,

  • the economic potential is unlimited.

  • We've done it before, after all.

  • Violence has been used to force our fellow humans into working.

  • And we've never had trouble coming up with ideological justifications.

  • Slave owners argued that slavery benefited the slaves: it put a roof over their head and taught them Christianity.

  • Men who were against women voting argued that it was in women's own interest to leave the hard decisions to men.

  • Farmers argue that looking after animals and feeding them justifies their early death for our dietary preferences.

  • If robots become sentient, there will be no shortage of arguments for those who say

  • that they should remain without rights, especially from those who stand to profit from it.

  • Artificial Intelligence raises serious questions about philosophical boundaries.

  • What we may ask if sentient robots are conscious or deserving of rights,

  • it forces us to pose basic questions like, what makes us human? What makes us deserving of rights?

  • Regardless of what we think, the question might need to be resolved in the near future.

  • What are we going to do if robots start demanding their own rights?

  • What can robots demanding rights teach us about ourselves?

  • Our friends at Wisecrack made a video exploring this very question using the philosophy of Westworld.

  • Wisecrack dissects pop culture in a unique and philosophical way.

  • Click here to check out the video and subscribe to their channel.

Imagine a future where your toaster anticipates what kind of toast you want.

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