I didn't know what career I wanted to choose.

我不知道自己想選擇什麼職業。

I had a lot of interests,

我有很多興趣。

but which interest should I pursue and try and turn into a job?

但我應該追求哪種興趣，並嘗試將其轉化為工作？

So, back then, I was really interested in martial arts.

所以，那時候，我對國術真的很感興趣。

Here's me.

這是我。

But I didn't want to turn that into a career.

但我不想把它變成事業。

Here's my face.

這是我的臉。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

I was really interested in, and I was studying philosophy,

我真的很感興趣，我是學哲學的。

but one of the philosophers I most enjoyed reading -

但我最喜歡讀的一位哲學家--。

late at night, in my dorm room -

在深夜，在我的宿舍 -

recently said,

最近說：

"Philosophy is a bunch of empty ideas,"

"哲學是一堆空想"。

and there's no job in philosophy, anyway.

而哲學裡沒有工作，反正。

So that was out.

所以，這是出。

Being a slightly weird kid,

作為一個有點奇怪的孩子。

I was really interested in investing and finance,

我對投資和金融真的很感興趣。

and I had even taken a portion of the small savings I had,

而我甚至還從自己的一點積蓄中拿出了一部分。

and invested them into gold when I was a teenager.

並在我十幾歲的時候將它們投資到黃金中。

I knew that following the finance root would be a really well-paid career,

我知道，跟著金融根基走，會是一個很高薪的職業。

but I was wondering, like,

但我想知道，像，

maybe I wouldn't make as much difference as I could in that,

也許我不會像在那方面有多大的不同。

it wouldn't help society,

它不會幫助社會。

so in the end, it wouldn't really be that fulfilling.

所以到最後，也不會真的那麼滿足。

I was left with the question,

我就剩下一個問題了。

"How could I choose a fulfilling career?"

"我怎麼能選擇一個充實的職業呢？"

And, maybe many of you have asked yourself the same question.

而且，也許很多人都問過自己同樣的問題。

I thought about this question,

我想過這個問題。

I realized I didn't even know how to go about choosing a career,

我意識到我甚至不知道該如何去選擇職業。

and I, you know, read books, I went to careers advisors,

我，你知道，看書， 我去職業顧問。

I just couldn't really find the information I really needed:

我只是無法真正找到我真正需要的資訊。

what would I be good at in the end?

我到底會擅長什麼？

What skills should I learn now?

我現在應該學習哪些技能？

Which areas is there a great social need where I can make a difference?

哪些領域有很大的社會需求，我可以有所作為？

These unanswered questions led me to,

這些未解之謎讓我找到了。

kind of, delay the decision by a few years.

樣，延後幾年再做決定。

Instead of actually settling on a career,

而不是真正定下職業。

I founded an organization dedicated to researching the question

我成立了一個組織，專門研究這個問題。

of which career to choose.

的選擇哪種職業。

And this organization is called "80000hours,"

而這個組織叫做 "八萬小時"。

that's the number of hours you have in your working life,

這'是你工作生活中的小時數。

that's a long time,

這是一個很長的時間。

so, it's worth really doing some serious research,

所以，它'值得真正做一些認真的研究。

and try to work out how best to use them.

並努力研究如何最好地利用它們。

We help you do some of this research,

我們幫你做一些這樣的研究。

and we publish all of our findings;

並且我們公佈所有的調查結果。

it's part of a free online careers guide: 80000hours.org.

它'是免費在線職業指南的一部分。80000hours.org。

Here's some of the team today,

這是'今天的一些團隊。

surrounded by laptops and whiteboards, as normal.

周圍的筆記本電腦和白板，正常。

So, you might at this point be thinking to yourself,

所以，你此時可能會想。

"Well, you hardly look like you're above the legal age to drink,

"嗯，你很難看出你'超過了法定的喝酒年齡。

what could you tell me about choosing a career?"

你能告訴我關於選擇職業的什麼？"

Well, it's true that one of the main things we discovered

好吧，這是真的，我們發現的主要事情之一。

is that we have a lot to learn.

是我們有很多東西需要學習。

Choosing a career is a complex problem and not enough serious research

擇業是個複雜的問題，認真研究的程度不夠

has been done into how best to do it.

已對如何最好地做到這一點進行了研究。

But we have spent the last three years

但我們在過去的三年裡

doing research with academics of University of Oxford,

與牛津大學的學者一起做研究。

and most importantly,

最重要的是，

we've coached hundreds of people on how to make real career decisions.

我們'已經指導了數百人如何做出真正的職業決策。

All this research and thinking has led us to the conclusion

所有這些研究和思考，使我們得出了這樣的結論

that careers advice today focuses on the wrong thing.

今天的職業建議集中在錯誤的事情上。

Throughout most of history

縱觀歷史的大部分時間

people basically did what their parents did.

人們基本上做了他們的父母所做的事情。

Some people in the 1980s thought,

上世紀80年代的一些人認為。

"The greed is good,"

"貪婪是好事"。

and they focused on making money.

而他們專注於賺錢。

But our generation grew up with some different careers advice,

但我們這一代人在成長過程中，有一些不同的職業建議。

and that's that you should follow your passion.

而這'就是你應該追隨你的激情。

You can see that use of this phrase

你可以看到，這句話的使用

increased dramatically from the mid-nineties.

從九十年代中期開始急劇增加。

But today I think need to move beyond "Follow your passion,"

但今天我認為需要超越 "跟隨你的激情"。

as the career advice to focus on,

作為重點關注的職業建議。

and instead of asking what our own interests and passions are,

而不是問我們自己的興趣和激情是什麼。

we should be focusing much more

我們應該更多的關注

on what we can do for other people, and to make the world a better place.

我們可以為別人做什麼，讓世界變得更美好。

Ok, so let's go back to my decision,

好吧，讓我們回到我的決定。

how would "follow your passion" apply to me?

"follow your passion "如何適用於我？

I think what "Follow your passion" tells you to do is three things:

我認為 "追隨你的激情 "告訴你要做的是三件事。

the first is to identify your greatest interests;

首先是確定自己最大的興趣。

second, find careers that match those interests;

第二，找到符合這些興趣的職業。

thirdly, pursue those careers, no matter what.

第三，無論如何，都要追求這些職業。

Finding a fulfilling career

找到一個充實的職業

is just a matter of having the courage to pursue your passion.

就是要有勇氣去追求自己的激情。

In my case,

就我而言

I was interested in martial arts and philosophy, remember?

我對國術和哲學感興趣，記得嗎？

So, which career should I pick?

那麼，我應該選擇哪個職業呢？

Any ideas?

有什麼想法嗎？

I should obviously become a Shaolin monk -

我明明應該去當少林寺的和尚---。

Buddhism and martial arts, together.

佛法與國術，同在。

What's the theory behind this advice?

這個建議背後的理論是什麼'？

You get passion match,

你得到的激情匹配。

then you really enjoy your work, you're really motivated,

那麼你真的很喜歡你的工作，你'真的很有動力。

so you're more likely to be successful,

所以你'更有可能成功。

and if you are successful doing something you're passionate about,

而如果你成功地做一些你所熱衷的事情。

then you have a fulfilling career.

那麼你的事業就會很充實。

And, spelled out like that,

而且，是這樣拼出來的。

this really does sound like pretty reasonable advice, right?

這真的聽起來像相當合理的建議，對不對？

I can maybe get behind that.

我也許可以得到支持。

But let's just think about it in a bit more depth.

但我們還是再深入思考一下吧。

Turns out if you follow your passion, you're probably going to fail.

事實證明，如果你追隨你的激情，你很可能會失敗。

Why do I say that?

我為什麼這麼說？

Let's look at the data.

讓我們來看看數據吧'。

A survey of 500 Canadian students found that their greatest passions

一項針對500名加拿大學生的調查發現，他們最大的熱情是什麼？

were ice-hockey and dance.

是冰球和舞蹈。

Ninety percent of them were passionate

其中百分之九十的人都是熱情的

about sports, arts, music, something like that.

關於體育，藝術，音樂，類似的東西。

But if we look at census data we can see

但如果我們看一下人口普查數據，就會發現

that only three percent of jobs are in art, sport, and music.

即只有3%的工作崗位是藝術、體育和音樂。

So it just has to be the case

所以只能是這樣了

that even if only one in ten people followed their passion,

即使只有十分之一的人追隨他們的激情。

still, the majority would fail to be successful.

但大多數人還是無法成功。

So this first step just doesn't work.

所以，這第一步就不行了'。

I think the second step is also not reliable.

我覺得第二步也不靠譜。

In that, even if you match your passion with your work,

在這一點上，即使你的激情與你的工作相匹配。

and you're successful,

而你'成功了。

you can stlll quite easily fail to have a fulfilling career,

你可以Stlll很容易失敗 有一個充實的職業生涯。

that's because you might not find the work meaningful.

那是因為你可能覺得工作沒有意義。

This was a bit like me deciding not to go into finance,

這有點像我決定不做金融。

I thought, well, I was interested in it,

我想，好吧，我對它很感興趣。

maybe I could be successful but I wouldn't make a difference,

也許我可以成功，但我不會有所作為。

maybe it would still end up not being fulfilling,

也許最後還是會不滿足。

so I think the second step doesn't work either.

所以我認為第二步也不行'。

Now, at this point you might be thinking,

現在，這時你可能會想。

"Sure, passion isn't the only thing that matters,

"當然，激情不是唯一重要的東西。

if I follow my passion, it doesn't guarantee that I'll succeed,

如果我追隨我的激情，它並不保證我'會成功。

but maybe at least makes me more likely to succeed,

但也許至少讓我更有可能成功。

and to have a fulfilling career."

並擁有一份充實的事業。"

As a career advice, this is the best we can do.

作為職業建議，這是我們能做的最好的。

But I think that is wrong as well.

但我認為這也是錯誤的。

Picture to yourself now, the most assertive person you know,

現在給自己想象一下，你認識的最有主見的人。

who' s really passionate about selling and persuading,

誰&#39；的真正的熱情銷售和說服。

and they're really extroverted.

而他們'真的是外向型的。

Surely someone like that should go

當然，這樣的人應該去

and become an advertising accounts manager, like in Mad Men,

併成為廣告客戶經理，就像《瘋狂的人》裡一樣。

or they should become a car salesman, or something like that,

或者他們應該成為一個汽車銷售員，或類似的東西。

something which involves selling, being extroverted, and talking to people.

涉及到銷售、外向、與人交談的東西。

Well, it turns out that would be a really bad decision:

嗯，事實證明，這將是一個非常糟糕的決定。

analysis of a determined study showed

堅定的研究分析表明

that really passionate sales people really persuasive, assertive types

真正有激情的銷售人員真的很有說服力，自信的類型

who went into those kinds of sales jobs

誰去做那種銷售工作

actually ended up more likely to burn out and in fact died younger

其實最後更容易被燒死，事實上更早死

than normal people who take those jobs.

比正常人做這些工作的人。

Following their passion actually made them more likely to die.

追隨自己的激情，其實更容易讓他們死亡。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

And more generally, researchers have tried to show for decades

而更普遍的是，研究人員幾十年來一直試圖表明

that there's a strong relationship between interest match

興趣匹配之間有很大的關係。

and how successful and happy people end up in their work,

以及人們在工作中如何成功和幸福的結局。

but so far, they failed to show a strong connection between the two.

但到目前為止，他們未能顯示出兩者之間的緊密聯繫。

I think this isn't because your interests just don't matter,

我想這是不是'因為你的興趣就是不重要。

but it's just that when it comes to real career decisions,

但它'只是，當它涉及到真正的職業決定。

your interests are just not a decisive factor,

你的利益不是決定性的因素。

other things matter much more,

其他事情更重要。

like what your skills are, and what your mindset is.

比如你的技能是什麼，你的心態是什麼。

Indeed, we think our interests matter a lot more than they do,

事實上，我們認為我們的利益比他們更重要。

because we really underestimate how much they change:

因為我們真的低估了他們的變化。

just think about your own interests five or ten years ago,

想想自己五年或十年前的興趣就知道了。

and how different they are from today.

以及它們與今天的不同。

I mean, back then, you're probably this tall,

我的意思是，那時，你'可能這麼高。

and you're probably interested in completely different things.

和你'可能對完全不同的東西感興趣。

Five or ten years time,

五年或十年的時間。

you will be interested in totally different things again.

你又會對完全不同的事物產生興趣。

All this means that your present interests

所有這些都意味著，你現在的利益

are just not a solid basis on which to chose a career.

只是不具備堅實的擇業基礎。

So, if we're not going to focus on interests,

所以，如果我們&#39；不注重利益。

what should we focus on?

我們應該關注什麼？

If you're not just going to follow your passion,

如果你不只是去追隨你的激情。

what should you do instead?

你應該做什麼，而不是？

If I had to sum up careers advice as a single slogan,

如果讓我用一句口號來概括職業建議。

here's what I would choose: "Do what's valuable."

這裡'是我會選擇的。"做有價值的事"。

By this I mean

我的意思是

focus on getting good at something that genuinely helps others,

專注於做好一些真正能幫助別人的事情。

and makes the world a better place.

並使世界變得更加美好。

That's the secret to a fulfilling career.

這就是成就事業的祕訣'。

Now, obviously doing what's valuable is going to be better for the world,

現在，很明顯，做有價值的事情會對世界更好。

you're going to do more good like that,

你'要做更多這樣的好事。

but people have also thought for millennia

但千百年來，人們也認為

that helping others is the secret to be personally fulfilled and happy.

幫助他人是個人成就感和幸福感的祕訣。

I've just got a representative couple of quotes here

我'我這裡只有幾句有代表性的話語。

just read out the first one:

剛讀完第一篇。

"A man true wealth is the good he does in this world."

"一個人真正的財富是他在這個世界上做的好事。"

Today we actually have hard data to back this up.

今天，我們其實已經有了確鑿的數據來證明這一點。

Professor of Psychology Martin Seligman in his 2011 book: Flourish,

心理學教授馬丁-塞利格曼在其2011年的著作中。Flourish,

aimed to sum up the last couple of decades of empirical research

旨在總結過去幾十年的實證研究。

into what really causes people to be satisfied and happy in their lives.

成真正使人們在生活中得到滿足和幸福的原因。

And two of the key ingredients he identifies

而他指出的兩個關鍵因素

just are doing what's valuable.

只是正在做有價值的事情'。

The first of these is achievement, or sometimes called mastery,

其中第一個是成就，有時也叫掌握。

and this means getting really good at something,

這就意味著要在某件事情上變得很好。

working hard and getting good at something.

勤奮工作，有所收穫。

The second is meaning, also called purpose,

二是意義，也叫目的。

and this means striving to do something greater than just make yourself happy,

而這意味著要努力做一些比讓自己快樂更偉大的事情。

so it means making the world a better place.

所以這意味著讓世界變得更美好。

Put the two together,

把這兩個放在一起。

get good at something it makes the world a better place,

擅長的事情，它使世界變得更美好。

do what's valuable.

做有價值的事。

I think, doing what's valuable has lots of other personal benefits as well.

我想，做有價值的事，對個人也有很多其他好處。

For instance,

例如：

even if you work in a charity, the people who have the greatest impact,

即使你在慈善機構工作，影響最大的人。

do the most valuable things,

做最有價值的事情。

find it easier to raise fundings, and therefore pay their bills,

發現更容易籌集資金，從而支付賬單。

and that's important, too.

而這也很重要。

I have at least found in my own experience,

我至少在自己的經驗中發現。

if you focus on helping others, then lots of people want you to succeed,

如果你專注於幫助別人，那麼很多人都希望你成功。

so it's actually easier to be successful as an altruist

所以說，作為一個利他主義者，其實更容易成功。

compared to just being in it for yourself.

相比於只是為了自己。

So, it now turns out that actually the advice "Follow your passion,"

所以，現在發現，其實 "追隨你的激情 "的建議，。

just gets things backwards.

只是把事情弄反了。

Rather than start from what we happen to be passionate about now

而不是從我們現在所熱衷的事情入手

and then hope that success and a fulfilling career will follow,

然後希望成功和充實的事業會隨之而來。

instead, it's much more true to say

相反，它更真實地說

that we should focus on doing what's valuable,

我們應該專注於做有價值的事情。

and then that will lead to passion and a fulfilling career.

然後就會有激情和充實的事業。

I've definitely found this in my own experience.

我'在自己的經歷中肯定發現了這一點。

If when I was 16, you had given me this careers test:

如果我16歲的時候，你給我做了這個職業測試。

"Would you like to give career guidance to people?"

"你願意給大家做職業指導嗎？"

I'd have clicked the "Hate it" button.

我'會點擊 "討厭它 "的按鈕。

I was pretty shy and into science,

我很害羞，喜歡理科。

and the idea of giving careers advice to people was not appealing at all.

而給人提供職業建議的想法一點也不吸引人。

But now I spend all of my time thinking about careers advice,

但現在我把所有的時間都用在了思考職業建議上。

and am absolutely obsessed and fascinated by it.

並對它絕對的痴迷和著迷。

Focusing on doing what's valuable

專注於做有價值的事情。

has given me clear, concrete, meaningful goals,

讓我有了明確、具體、有意義的目標。

and that's made my life a lot better.

這讓我的生活好了很多。

There's no more endless reflection

不再有無盡的反思。

on which of my interests represents my true calling,

在我的利益中，哪一個代表了我的真正使命。

which doesn't exist anyway.

反正不存在的。

So, how can you actually do what's valuable in your careers,