Name: 人類最有可能滅絕的十一個原因 (The 11 Greatest Threats To Humanity)
Uploaded: 2018-04-28T21:01:00.000Z
Duration: 4 min 11 s

With devastating hurricanes, refugee crisis

and the real possibility of nuclear war. It can sometimes

還有極可能發生的核戰，有時候

feel like the end is near. But what are the biggest threats

會覺得末日近了；然而，什麼是對人類

to humanity and is there anything we can do to stop them?

最大的威脅，我們該採取甚麼行動阻止這一切的發生呢 ?

Experts all over the world from the Global Challenges Foundation

位於斯德哥爾摩全球挑戰基金會的專家們

in Stockholm and the Centre for the Study of Existential  Risk

at the University of Cambridge consider this question yearly

using scientific research. Some risks lay

並使用科學研究數據。部分危機

millions of years into the future like gamma-ray burst 

遺臭萬年，像是由星際爆炸所產生的

caused by a star explosion which would destroy our

γ 射線 (伽瑪射線)，破壞臭氧層

ozone layer or even the over expansion or

collapse of the entire universe. Closer to home

還有整個宇宙的瓦解。我們居住的藍星

we have our sun which will eventually become a red giant as it ages

有隨著它老化而變成紅色巨星的太陽

but even that isn't for another 5 billion years.

More imminent is an asteroid large enough to

create a global catastrophe  which is estimated to occur

every 120,000 years. While none are currently

每 12 萬年會發生一次，而目前為止

expected to hit earth soon existing data is incomplete

沒有顯示任何隕石即將來臨，因為相關數據不足

it could create a global cooling event like the ice age.

But even smaller asteroids could have a significant impact

就算是小行星，也會對大自然和人類生態系統

on both natural and human ecosystems too.

An even closer possibility is the super volcano

the devastation in Pompeii from Mount Vesuvius released around

維蘇威火山爆發釋放出約 4 平方公里的岩漿

4 km cubic of magma but the super volcanos

化龐貝城為廢墟；而超級火山的影響

the ash cloud which would block out the sunlight, cooling the globe

and crippling  agriculture. The last known eruption occurred

使農業被荒廢。上次為人所知的是

around 25.000 years ago in New Zealand and

2 萬 5 千年前於紐西蘭的火山爆發

researchers predict they occur every 30.000 to 50.000 years.

研究員預測每 3 萬到 5 萬年會發生

Scientists are currently monitoring Yellowstone

科學家正監測位於美國的黃石 (國家公園)

in the US as a future potential site. But not

all of our threats are natural. Overpopulation can

並非所有的威脅源自於自然因素。人口過剩

outstrip Earth's capacity to produce food

and other resources. And amplify the threat of infectious

其他自然資源的供應。高密度人口擴大了

pandemics due to high densities. Perhaps with bioengineered

流行傳染疾病的速度，或許伴隨著

already pointing to declining fertility rates.

證據已經顯示生育率正在衰退中

Will we see the human population gradually die off

我們是否會看見人類因為生育率低

from lack of births? Or will climate change beat this concern?

而逐漸滅絕呢 ? 抑或者是氣候變遷議題捷足先登 ?

A rise of 3 degrees Celsius would be  incredibly

significant with most of Florida and Bangladesh underwater.

影響佛羅里達州以及水鄉澤國孟加拉

While several coastal cities would become swamped.

On top of this longer and more damaging wild fire seasons,

野火季時間的延長與造成的災害

more destructive hurricanes, heat waves, food insecurity

摧毀性的颶風、熱浪、糧食短缺與

and drought. All of which can impact and amplify

incidents of violence with. Nations already suffering

from water and climate conditions which ultimately

impacted deteriorating economic conditions.

Then, there is nuclear war. Tensions over North Korea have brought this conflict to the forefront.

接著，還有核戰。北韓情勢緊張，衝突升溫

With over 7000 known warheads between Russia and the US.

英、法、中、印度、巴基斯坦、以色列和北韓

China, India, Pakistan, Israel and North Korea.

Bulletin of Atomic Scientists represents the likeliness of a

man-made global catastrophe. Though the clock more recently

included climate change and some other developments that

包括氣候變遷，以及其他置人類於危險之中的發展

put humanity at risk emphasis is placed on nuclear war.

we've been from midnight or doomsday is in 1991

when the clock was 17 minutes to midnight.

at 2.5 minutes to midnight. The second closest it has ever been.

離核戰末日為午夜前 2 分半；是目前第二次近的

could create a nuclear winter which would cause global cooling

都會造成小型的冬季、全球冷卻

and damage to the ozone layer that may ultimately

create droughts that lasts more than a decade.

But the greatest threat of all: Researches currently believe

但是，最大的威脅，根據研究員最近的說法

it's artificial intelligence. If growth continues to

become comparable to the industrial and agricultural revolutions

Experts predict autonomous machines will attain

那麼，專家預言在 2075年，智慧機器將可以

And even if these machines don't become malevolent or evil

what happens if those programmed to kill fall into the

wrong hands? Or when AI programmed to do something good

以至於錯殺無辜呢 ? 或是人工智慧立意良善

Thank you all so much for watching this video! If you liked it

非常感謝您觀看此影片 ! 若您喜歡

make sure that you subscribe so that you can see our videos that come out every Thursday.

請您記得訂閱，每週四您將可以收看我們最新影片

And we're gonna like some other videos over there that are similar to this one.

About how rich people are prepping for the apocalypse and

how to survive a nuclear war. This year is almost over. Hang in there!

以及如何從核戰中生存。今年將進入尾聲，新年新氣象 !