means "What's up, guys?" in Magyar,

"Yo napot, pacak!" 在座一定有人知道,

that peculiar non-Indo-European language spoken by Hungarians

在匈牙利語是"大家好"的意思

for which, given the fact that cognitive diversity is

這種罕見的非印歐語系的語言來自匈牙利

at least as threatened as biodiversity on this planet,

事實上認知多樣性與生物多樣性

few would have imagined much of a future even a century or two ago.

在這地球上受到同樣的威脅

But there it is: "Jó napot, pacák"

一兩世紀以前很少人會想像未來是如何的

I said somebody here must surely know, because

但我們還是可以聽到"大家好"

despite the fact that there aren't that many Hungarians to begin with,

我剛剛說在座一定有人知道,因為

and the further fact that, so far as I know, there's not a drop

事實上匈牙利不是一個人口眾多得民族

of Hungarian blood in my veins, at every critical juncture of my life

而且就我所知，我完全沒有匈牙利的血统，

there has been a Hungarian friend or mentor there beside me.

但在我生命中重要的時候

I even have dreams that take place in landscapes

都會有一位匈牙利朋友和導師，在我後面支持我。

I recognize as the landscapes of Hungarian films,

我甚至會夢到匈牙利的風景

especially the early movies of Miklos Jancso.

我在匈牙利電影中得景象，

So, how do I explain this mysterious affinity?

特别是那些Miklos Jancso早期的電影。

Maybe it's because my native state of South Carolina,

我要如何和解釋這些神奇得關係呢？

which is not much smaller than present-day Hungary,

也許這是我來是南卡羅來納州，

once imagined a future for itself as an independent country.

他的面積與現在匈牙利相當，

And as a consequence of that presumption,

我曾經想像未來他會成為一個獨立的國家

my hometown was burned to the ground by an invading army,

跟這樣得結果推測，

an experience that has befallen many a Hungarian town and village

我的家鄉被軍人夷為平地

throughout its long and troubled history.

許多匈牙利的城鎮香村，在漫長得歷史上，也受過外敵入侵，

Or maybe it's because when I was a teenager back in the '50s,

也有過這樣糟糕的經驗。

my uncle Henry -- having denounced the Ku Klux Klan

或又在那五十年代，當我還是十幾來歲時，

and been bombed for his trouble and had crosses burned in his yard,

我的叔叔亨利，曾被3K黨譴折過

living under death threat -- took his wife and children to Massachusetts for safety

和受到攻擊及在他的後院燃燒十字架，

and went back to South Carolina to face down the Klan alone.

在生活中充滿死亡的威脅，為了安全的考量帶著他的妻子和小孩到麻州

That was a very Hungarian thing to do,

之後一個人回到南卡羅納州對抗3K黨。

as anyone will attest who remembers 1956.

那是ㄧ種很匈牙利的行為，

And of course, from time to time Hungarians

任何記的1956年的人都可以證明。

have invented their own equivalent of the Klan.

當然，匈牙利人有時候

Well, it seems to me that this Hungarian presence in my life

也組成相當於3K黨的組織

is difficult to account for, but ultimately I ascribe it to an admiration

這對我來說匈牙利人一直都存在我得生命中

for people with a complex moral awareness,

這很難去計算的，最終我把他

with a heritage of guilt and defeat matched by defiance and bravado.

歸為複雜的道德意識的欽佩

It's not a typical mindset for most Americans,

他們繼承內就與失敗，卻同時戴著藐視及勇氣。

but it is perforce typical of virtually all Hungarians.

這不是大部分美國人心態

So, "Jó napot, pacák!"

但這卻是匈牙利典型的心態。

I went back to South Carolina after some 15 years amid the alien corn

所以，"Yo napot, pacak!"

at the tail end of the 1960s,

我在約15年後從異鄉返回到南卡邏萊納州，

with the reckless condescension of that era

那是在60年代後期，

thinking I would save my people.

懷抱著那個年代的魯莽和自以爲是，

Never mind the fact that they were slow to acknowledge they needed saving.

心想我會拯救自己的同胞，

I labored in that vineyard for a quarter century before

也不管他們很遲才會承認他們需要被拯救。

making my way to a little kingdom of the just in upstate South Carolina,

我在那個葡萄園勞作過四分之一個世紀，

a Methodist-affiliated institution of higher learning called Wofford College.

前往南卡羅萊納州北部的一個小王國，

I knew nothing about Wofford

壹所名爲Wofford College的衛理公會附屬高等教育機構。

and even less about Methodism,

我對Wofford壹無所知，

but I was reassured on the first day that I taught at Wofford College

對衛理公會更是毫無概念，

to find, among the auditors in my classroom,

但是在我任教Wofford College的第一天，我就感到放心，

a 90-year-old Hungarian, surrounded by a bevy of middle-aged European women

我在教室裏的旁聽者中發現，

who seemed to function as an entourage of Rhinemaidens.

一位90高齡的匈牙利人，被一群中年歐洲婦女圍繞，

His name was Sandor Teszler.

她們就像一群隨從的萊茵河少女。

He was a puckish widower whose wife and children were dead

他名叫Sandor Teszler。

and whose grandchildren lived far away.

他是個淘氣的人，他的妻兒都已離世了

In appearance, he resembled Mahatma Gandhi,

而他的孫子又住得很遠的地方。

minus the loincloth, plus orthopedic boots.

他的外表看起來就像甘地...

He had been born in 1903 in the provinces

只是少了遮羞布，和多了矯形靴子。

of the old Austro-Hungarian Empire,

他出生在1903年的奧匈帝國，

in what later would become Yugoslavia.

他出生的省份，

He was ostracized as a child, not because he was a Jew --

後來會成爲南斯拉夫。

his parents weren't very religious anyhow --

他自小就被排斥，而那不是因為他是猶太人...

but because he had been born with two club feet,

不管怎麽說他的父母也不是虔誠的猶太教徒...

a condition which, in those days, required institutionalization

他被排斥是因爲他天生雙足畸形，

and a succession of painful operations between the ages of one and 11.

在那個年代，像他這樣的小孩必須送進治療院，

He went to the commercial business high school as a young man

必須在1歲到11歲接受痛苦的治療。

in Budapest, and there he was as smart as he was modest

他年輕時到布達佩斯上商業專科學校，

and he enjoyed a considerable success. And after graduation

他是個聰明謙虛的學生，

when he went into textile engineering, the success continued.

在學校裏相當的成功，畢業以後，

He built one plant after another.

他進入紡織行業，同樣獲得了成功。

He married and had two sons. He had friends in high places who

他蓋了一家又一家的工廠，

assured him that he was of great value to the economy.

結了婚，生了兩個小孩。他有身居高位的朋友，

Once, as he had left instructions to have done,

使他確信自己對經濟有很大的價值貢獻。

he was summoned in the middle of the night by the night watchman at one of his plants.

有一次，順著他的指示，

The night watchman had caught an employee who was stealing socks --

他壹間工廠的夜間看守人在半夜把他召去。

it was a hosiery mill, and he simply backed a truck up to the loading dock

那個夜間看守人逮到了一個偷襪子的工人...

and was shoveling in mountains of socks.

那是個針織廠，那個工人把卡車退到裝卸口

Mr. Teszler went down to the plant and confronted the thief and said,

在那裏鏟起堆積成山的襪子。

"But why do you steal from me? If you need money you have only to ask."

Mr. Teszler 走下工場面對小偷說，

The night watchman, seeing how things were going and waxing indignant,

為什麼妳要偷我的東西呢？如果妳需要錢的話

said, "Well, we're going to call the police, aren't we?"

晚上值班的保全，憤怒的看了整件事情得經過，

But Mr. Teszler answered, "No, that will not be necessary.

他說我們是否該叫警察來呢？

He will not steal from us again."

但Mr. Teszler 說不了不需要。

Well, maybe he was too trusting, because he stayed where he was

他不會偷我們的東西了。

long after the Nazi Anschluss in Austria

也許他太相信他人了，因為，德國納粹住進奧地利一段時間

and even after the arrests and deportations began in Budapest.

還留在奧地利不走，

He took the simple precaution of having cyanide capsules placed in lockets

甚至有些Budapest的人民被拘留和流放。

that could be worn about the necks of himself and his family.

Mr. Teszler 早已準備好氫氧化物在身邊。

And then one day, it happened: he and his family were arrested

以被他合家人不實之需。

and they were taken to a death house on the Danube.

然後，有一天事情真得發生了：他和他的家人被抓了，

In those early days of the Final Solution, it was handcrafted brutality;

他們被帶到多瑙河旁的死亡之屋，

people were beaten to death and their bodies tossed into the river.

幾天前這裡的情況是慘不人睹

But none who entered that death house had ever come out alive.

人們被打死後，師體直接被丟到河裡面--

And in a twist you would not believe in a Steven Spielberg film --

而進入死亡之屋的人們幾乎沒有一格人存活。

the Gauleiter who was overseeing this brutal beating was the very same thief

而情況的轉折比電影還要戲劇化，

who had stolen socks from Mr. Teszler's hosiery mill.

監督這頓毒打的（納粹德國）長官，竟然就是

It was a brutal beating. And midway through that brutality,

當初Teszler先生針織廠裏的的那個偷襪賊.

one of Mr. Teszler's sons, Andrew, looked up and said,

被慘忍得暴行酷刑， Mr. Teszler's 的一個兒子 Andrew看不下去，

"Is it time to take the capsule now, Papa?"

Andrew看著父親說，

And the Gauleiter, who afterwards vanishes from this story,

走的時間到了喔，父親?

leaned down and whispered into Mr. Teszler's ear,

納粹黨就從這裡離開了，

"No, do not take the capsule. Help is on the way."

那賊已躺在那小聲的對 Mr. Teszler說

And then resumed the beating.

別走，救援馬上就到了，

But help was on the way, and shortly afterwards

然後毒打繼續。

a car arrived from the Swiss Embassy.

救援正在趕來的路上

They were spirited to safety. They were reclassified as Yugoslav citizens

一台從瑞士的大使來了。

and they managed to stay one step ahead of their pursuers

他把他們帶到一個安全的地方。他們重新的規劃南斯拉夫，

for the duration of the War, surviving burnings and bombings

在這戰真時期，他們比追兵提早一步管理這裡

and, at the end of the War, arrest by the Soviets.

的一些爆炸知後的生還者

Probably, Mr. Teszler had gotten some money into Swiss bank accounts

在戰爭結束時，Mr. Teszler被俄軍逮捕了。

because he managed to take his family first to Great Britain,

因該是他在瑞士有大筆的存款

then to Long Island and then to the center of the textile industry in the American South.

因為他和他的家人都逃到英國去了，

Which, as chance would have it, was Spartanburg, South Carolina,

之後到長島，然後到美國南部紡織廠

the location of Wofford College.

非常巧合的是，他到的就是南卡羅那纳州的斯帕坦堡

And there, Mr. Teszler began all over again and once again achieved immense success,

就是在 Wofford大學的所在處。

especially after he invented the process

在這裡，Mr. Teszler 他又重新開始，並且有獲得了成功，

for manufacturing a new fabric called double-knit.

特別的是他又發明了一項產品

And then in the late 1950s, in the aftermath of Brown v. Board of Education,

叫做雙針織品

when the Klan was resurgent all over the South,

在1950末，布朗教育委員會案的影響下，

Mr. Teszler said, "I have heard this talk before."

3K黨又在南邊復興了

And he called his top assistant to him and asked,

Mr. Teszler說"我已經聽說了"

"Where would you say, in this region, racism is most virulent?"

他問他的高級助理，

"Well, I don't rightly know, Mr. Teszler. I reckon that would be Kings Mountain."

妳說哪裡是種族歧視最嚴重的地方？

"Good. Buy us some land in Kings Mountain

恩...Mr.Teszler我不確定耶.有可能是Kings山

and announce we are going to build a major plant there."

很好，到Kings山那買ㄧ些地，

The man did as he was told, and shortly afterwards,

然後宣布我們要在那蓋大房子。

Mr. Teszler received a visit from the white mayor of Kings Mountain.

住裡把事情都除裡好，沒多久

Now, you should know that at that time,

Mr. Teszler就接受Kings山的白人市長邀請。

the textile industry in the South was notoriously segregated.

妳知道那個年代

The white mayor visited Mr. Teszler and said,

南部的紡織業種族歧視非常的嚴重

"Mr. Teszler, I trust you're going to be hiring a lot of white workers."

那白人市長對 Mr. Teszler 說，

Mr. Teszler told him, "You bring me the best workers that you can find,

我相信妳因該會雇用很多白種人當工人

and if they are good enough, I will hire them."

Mr. Teszler 跟他說，妳把這裡最好的工人給我找來

He also received a visit from the leader of the black community,

如果他們都很優秀，我會雇用他們，

a minister, who said, "Mr. Teszler, I sure hope you're going to

Mr. Teszler 也受到了黑人社區領導人的邀請，

hire some black workers for this new plant of yours."

有一個部長說Mr. Teszler我相信妳會

He got the same answer: "You bring the best workers that you can find,

去雇用ㄧ些黑人工作者。

and if they are good enough, I will hire them."

他跟他說，把妳這最好的工人給帶來，

As it happens, the black minister did his job better than the white mayor,

如果他們都很優秀的話，我會雇用他們。

but that's neither here or there.

事實上黑人部長比白人市長能幹，

Mr. Teszler hired 16 men: eight white, eight black.

但他們勢均力敵。

They were to be his seed group, his future foremen.

Mr.Teszler雇用了16個男人，8個白人，8個黑人。

He had installed the heavy equipment for his new process

他們會成為以後的組長公司的核心。

in an abandoned store in the vicinity of Kings Mountain,

他們引進了大型機器在

and for two months these 16 men would live and work together,

在Kings山附近的廢棄工廠，

mastering the new process.

接下來兩隔月我要這16個人一起工作一起生活，

He gathered them together after an initial tour of that facility

熟悉這心得工作

and he asked if there were any questions.

Mr.Teszler 把他們及合在一起

There was hemming and hawing and shuffling of feet,

問他們有沒有什麼疑問。

and then one of the white workers stepped forward and said,

這些工人欲言又止

"Well, yeah. We've looked at this place and there's only one place to sleep,

終於有ㄧ位站出來說白人說

there's only one place to eat, there's only one bathroom,

恩..我們被關在這個地方--睡覺的地方只有一個，

there's only one water fountain. Is this plant going to be integrated or what?"

吃東西的地方和廁所也只有一個，

Mr. Teszler said, "You are being paid twice the wages of any other textile workers in this region

也只有一個飲水的地方，這間工廠是要給我們隔離起來嗎？

and this is how we do business. Do you have any other questions?"

Mr. Teszler 說你們在這已經拿了別人兩倍的薪水了

"No, I reckon I don't."

我們就是這樣晚裡的，還有什麼問題呢？

And two months later when the main plant opened

我覺得沒有了。

and hundreds of new workers, white and black,

兩個月過後，開始營業

poured in to see the facility for the first time,

有上百位的黑人白人的員工，

they were met by the 16 foremen, white and black, standing shoulder to shoulder.

蜂擁而至這家工廠來參觀，

They toured the facility and were asked if there were any questions, and

他們看見有16位工頭，白人和黑人，並肩作戰。

inevitably the same question arose:

他們參觀設施，然後提出了問題。

"Is this plant integrated or what?"

不可避免得是發生了，還是同樣的問題

And one of the white foremen stepped forward and said,

是為了把他們聚在一起，還是有其他原因？

"You are being paid twice the wages of any other workers

有一個工頭向前一步說，

in this industry in this region and this is how we do business.

你們在這裡可以拿到普通工人的兩倍薪資

Do you have any other questions?"

我們就是這樣管理的。

And there were none. In one fell swoop,

你還有什麼問題嗎？

Mr. Teszler had integrated the textile industry in that part of the South.

沒有人有問題了，

It was an achievement worthy of Mahatma Gandhi,

Mr. Teszler 改善了當地紡織業特有的種族隔離制度。

conducted with the shrewdness of a lawyer and the idealism of a saint.

他達到的效益比甘地還要大，

In his eighties, Mr. Teszler, having retired from the textile industry,

兼具了律師的智慧和理想主義者。

adopted Wofford College,

當Mr. Teszler80歲時他從紡織工業退休了，

auditing courses every semester,

到Wofford大學去學習，

and because he had a tendency to kiss anything that moved,

每個學期都去旁聽，

becoming affectionately known as "Opi" -- which is Magyar for grandfather --

他總是對人事非常輕切的，

by all and sundry. Before I got there, the library of the college

非常受歡迎，大家稱他為Opi -匈牙利語是祖父的意思，

had been named for Mr. Teszler, and after I arrived in 1993,

我到Wofford大學時，那裡的圖書館就是以Mr. Teszler命名的。

the faculty decided to honor itself by naming Mr. Teszler Professor of the College --

當1993年我在次回到Wofford大學

partly because at that point he had already taken

全校教師決定稱 Mr. Teszler 教授。

all of the courses in the catalog, but mainly because

因為他已經拿完全部的課程，

he was so conspicuously wiser than any one of us.

但主要還是

To me, it was immensely reassuring that the presiding spirit

他非常的有智慧。

of this little Methodist college in upstate South Carolina

對我來說這是很大的鼓勵精神支柱

was a Holocaust survivor from Central Europe.

對於南卡羅來纳州偏僻地區

Wise he was, indeed, but he also had a wonderful sense of humor.

有一個歐洲大屠殺倖存下來的，

And once for an interdisciplinary class,

他是ㄧ聰明的人，同時也是非常的幽默。

I was screening the opening segment of Ingmar Bergman's "The Seventh Seal."

有一次跨科學的課程，

As the medieval knight Antonius Block returns from the wild goose chase

正在播放 英格瑪·伯格曼“第七封印”片段

of the Crusades and arrives on the rocky shore of Sweden,

骑士布洛克從十字軍東征回到故土

only to find the specter of death waiting for him,

到了瑞典的礁石岸，

Mr. Teszler sat in the dark with his fellow students. And

直到他遇到死亡者靈魂

as death opened his cloak to embrace the knight

Mr. Teszler合他得同學坐在暗處。

in a ghastly embrace, I heard Mr. Teszler's tremulous voice:

當死亡的斗篷包圍騎士時，

"Uh oh," he said, "This doesn't look so good." (Laughter)

當黑暗壟罩時，我聽見Mr. Teszler's顫抖的聲音：

But it was music that was his greatest passion, especially opera.

喔，喔，他說情況不妙了。

And on the first occasion that I visited his house, he gave me

Mr. Teszler's 最喜歡音樂了，尤其是歌劇，

honor of deciding what piece of music we would listen to.

當我第一次到Mr. Teszler家時，

And I delighted him by rejecting "Cavalleria Rusticana"

他就請我選我想聽的音樂，

in favor of Bela Bartok's "Bluebeard's Castle."

我沒有選 "Cavalerria Rusticana"

I love Bartok's music, as did Mr. Teszler,

而選了Bela Bartok 的 "Bluebeard's Castle."

and he had virtually every recording of Bartok's music ever issued.

我和 Mr. Teszler都喜愛 Bartok音樂

And it was at his house that I heard for the first time

他幾乎收集完所有Bartok的音樂

Bartok's Third Piano Concerto and learned from

就是在他家我第一次聽到

Mr. Teszler that it had been composed in nearby Asheville, North Carolina

Bartok的第三鋼琴協奏曲

in the last year of the composer's life.

Mr. Teszler知道他在南卡羅萊納寫譜的，

He was dying of leukemia and he knew it,

當他在人生的最後

and he dedicated this concerto to his wife,

他知道他換了白血病而且時間不多了，