Despite the New York Times' and Vanity Fair's best efforts recently,

查爾斯和蕾是一夥的。他們是一對夫婦。

they're not brothers. (Laughter)

儘管《紐約時報》和《名利場》最近盡了最大的努力，

And they were a lot of fun.

他們還經常被誤認為兄弟。

You know, Ray was the one who wore the ampersands in the family.

他們相當幽默。

(Laughter)

你知道，蕾是那個在家庭照中畫上符號「&」的人。

We are going to focus on Charles today, because it is Charles' 100th birthday.

(笑)

But when I speak of him, I'm really speaking of both of them as a team.

今天我們會集中在查爾斯身上。因為今年是查爾斯一百歲的冥壽。

Here's Charles when he was three. So he would be 100 this June.

但當我講述他時，其實我是以他們兩個人作為一個整體。

We have a lot of cool celebrations that we're going to do.

這是查爾斯三歲的時候。在今年六月他快要一百歲了。

The thing about their work

我們將會有很多很酷的紀念活動。

is that most people come to the door of furniture --

與他們相關的工作

I suspect you probably recognize this chair

大部份人都會想起傢俱 --

and some of the others I'm going to show you.

我估計你們大概認出這張椅子

But we're going to first enter through the door of the Big Top.

及一些我將為大家展示的物品。

The whole thing about this, though, is that, you know, why am I showing it?

但我們將從「Big Top」的門口進發。

Is it because Charles and Ray made this film?

關於它，說到底，你們會問，為什麼我要展示這個?

This is actually a training film for a clown college that they had.

是因為這是查爾斯和蕾所製作的影片嗎?

They also practiced a clown act when the future of furniture

這其實是一個為小丑學校而製作的培訓影片。

was not nearly as auspicious as it turned out to be.

當傢俱的將來沒有比現在般興盛，

There is a picture of Charles. So let's watch the next clip.

他們也曾練習小丑的動作。

The film that we're about to see is a film they made for the Moscow World's Fair.

這是查爾斯的照片。我們看看下一段影片。

Video: This is the land.

我們接著看的影片是為莫斯科世界博覽會而製作。

It has many contrasts.

(影片) 這是一片地。

It is rough and it is flat.

它有很多的對比。

In places it is cold.

有崎嶇的，也有平坦的。

In some it is hot.

有地方是寒冷的。

Too much rain falls on some areas,

有些是炎熱的。

and not enough on others.

有些地方下很多雨水。

But people live on this land.

有些地方就不夠。

And, as in Russia,

但人們生活在這片地。

they are drawn together into towns and cities.

如同在俄羅斯，

Here is something of the way they live.

他們聚集在小市鎮和城市中。

Eames Demetrios: Now, this is a film that was hardly ever seen in the United States.

這是一些他們的生活方式。

It was on seven screens and it was 200 feet across.

伊默斯·德米特里：現在，這一段影片差不多從未在美國看過。

And it was at the height of the Cold War.

它是七個畫面組合成，有200呎闊。

The Nixon-Khrushchev Kitchen Debate

那時正值冷戰高峰期。

happened about 50 feet from where this was shown.

尼克森和赫魯雪夫的『廚房辯論』

And yet, how did it start?

在這段影片約50呎以外的地方展開。

You know, commonality, the first line

但它是如何開始呢?

in Charles' narration was,

你知道，大同，

"The same stars that shine down on Russia

查爾斯在影片中的第一句的旁白

shine down on the United States. From the sky,

「照耀著蘇聯的星星同樣地

our cities look much the same."

照耀著美國。從天空中，

It was that human connection that Charles and Ray always found in everything.

我們的城市看起來是相同的。」

And you can imagine, and the thing about it is,

查爾斯和蕾總在事物中尋找人性的相通性。

that they believed that the human mind could handle this number of images

你可以想像，他們倆當時，

because the important thing was to get the gestalt

相信人類的思想能夠應付多幅影像，

of what the images were about.

因為最重要的是在看這些圖像的時候，

So that was just a little snip.

他們可以找尋某一刻的頓悟。

But the thing about Charles and Ray

這只是一小節。

is that they were always modeling stuff.

再說查爾斯和蕾，

They were always trying things out.

他們經常製作模型。

I think one of the things I am passionate about, my grandparents work,

他們經常嘗試新事物。

I'm passionate about my work,

我想其中一樣我熱愛的事就是:我祖父母的作品。

but on top of all that I'm passionate

我熱愛我的工作。

about a holistic vision of design,

但在我最為熱愛的東西

where design is a life skill, not a professional skill.

是設計時的整體視覺，

And you know, those of us with kids often want our kids to take music.

把設計當成生活技能，而不是專業技術。

I'm no exception.

你知道 我們那些有孩子的人常常希望孩子學點音樂。

But it's not about them becoming Bono or Tracy Chapman.

我也不例外。

It's about getting that music thing going through their heads and their thinking.

但並不是要孩子成為博諾（U2樂隊主唱） 或 崔西查普曼。

Design is the same way. Design has to become that same way.

而是讓孩子的頭腦和思考中有音樂的概念。

And this is a model that they did of that seven-screen presentation.

設計也是一樣。設計也應如此。

And Charles just checking it out there.

這就是他們為那次七個屏幕的展示所製作的模型。

So now we're going to go through that door of furniture.

而查爾斯正在調試著。

This is an unusual installation of airport seating.

現在我們來談談傢俱。

So what we're going to see is some of the icons of Eames furniture.

這是一個不尋常的機場座位裝置。

And the thing about their furniture is that they said the role of the designer

現在我們會看看一些伊默斯傢俱中的經典作品。

was essentially that of a good host,

提起傢俱，他們說設計師的角色

anticipating the needs of the guest.

最重要是成為一個很好的東道主，

So those are cool images. But these are ones I think are really cool.

去預計客戶的需要。

These are all the prototypes. These are the mistakes,

那些是很酷的圖像。但我認為這些更酷。

although I don't think mistakes is the right word in design.

這是全都是原型。這些是錯誤。

It's just the things you try out

雖然我不認為錯誤是設計中一個合適的字。

to kind of make it work better.

這只是你嘗試，

And you know some of them would probably be terrible chairs.

為的是越做越好。

Some of them are kind of cool looking. It's like "Hey, why didn't they try that?"

你知道有一些可能是很糟糕的椅子。

It was that hands-on iterative process

有一些有很酷的樣子。好像是:「嗨，為何他們不試試那些?」

which is so much like vernacular design

這是一個反覆嘗試親自動手的過程

and folk design in traditional cultures.

就好像本土的設計

And I think that's one of the commonalities between modernism

和在傳統文化的原始設計。

and traditional design. I think it may be a real common ground

而我想這是現代設計和傳統設計的共通點之一。

as we kind of figure out what on earth to do in the next 20 or 30 years.

我想在未來二十至三十年內，

The other thing that's kind of cool is that

在我們想出如何自處的事情上，它們有著共同基礎。

you look at this and in the media when people say design,

第二樣很酷的東西就是

they actually mean style.

當你看著這些，而在媒體上當人們談及設計，

And I'm really here to talk about design.

他們其實指的是風格。

But you know the object is just a pivot.

而我在這裡確實是講述"設計"。

It's a pivot between a process and a system.

但你知道這物件只是關鍵。

And this is a little film I made

是過程與系統之間的關鍵。

about the making of the Eames lounge chair.

這是我所製作的短片，

The design process for Charles and Ray

內容是關於 伊默斯躺椅的製作。

never ended in manufacturing.

查爾斯與蕾的設計過程

It continued. They were always trying to make thing better and better.

不止於生產。

Because it's like as Bill Clinton was saying about Rwandan health clinics.

它一直延續著。他們永遠嘗試讓物件越來越好。

It's not enough to create one.

因為這正如比爾·克林頓在有關盧旺達裡的健康診所的演說一樣。

You've got to create a system that will work better and better.

去創造一所(健康診所)是不夠的。

So I've always liked this prototype picture.

你得創造一個會變得越來越好的系統。

Because it just kind of, you know, doesn't get any more basic than that.

因此我喜歡這個原型的照片。

You try things out.

因為它有一種你永遠找不到比這個更基本的感覺。

This is a relatively famous chair.

你嘗試新創造。

Its early version had an "X" base. That's what the collectors like.

這是相對較有名的椅子。

Charles and Ray liked this one because it was better.

它最初的版本有著一個交叉的底部。這是收藏家所喜愛的。

It worked better: "H" base, much more practical.

查爾斯與蕾喜歡這個是因為這個比較好。

This is something called a splint.

它操作更好。「H」的底部，更加實用。

And I was very touched by Dean Kamen's

這個東西名叫藤條。

work for the military, or for the soldiers,

我被迪安·基曼

because Charles and Ray designed a molded plywood splint. This is it.

為軍隊或士兵所做的工作而感動。

And they'd been working on furniture before.

因為查爾斯和蕾設計了一個膠合板藤條模型。就是這個。

But doing these splints they learned a lot about the manufacturing process,

他們從前也製作過傢俱。

which was incredibly important to them.

但他們從製造這些藤條的過程中學會很多有關製造的過程，

I'm trying to show you too much,

這些對他們無比重要。

because I want you to really get a broth of ideas and images.

我嘗試展示很多給你們看。

This is a house that Charles and Ray designed.

因為我想你們真的能體會靈感和圖象的精髓。

My sister is chasing someone else. It's not me.

這間房屋是由查爾斯和蕾所設計。

Although I endorse heartily the fact that he stole her diary, it's not me.

我的姐妹正在追逐某人。那個人不是我。

And then this is a film, on the lower left, that Charles and Ray made.

雖然我衷心贊同他偷了她的日記這個事實，但那個人不是我。

Now look at that plastic chair.

左下角是查爾斯和蕾製作的短片。

The house is 1949.

現在看看那個塑膠椅子。

The chair is done in 1949.

那間房子是一九四九的。

Charles and Ray,

那個椅子也是於一九四九年完成。

they didn't obsess about style for it's own sake.

查爾斯和蕾，

They didn't say, "Our style is curves. Let's make the house curvy."

他們沒有為風格而風格。

They didn't say, "Our style is grids. Let's make the chair griddy."

他們沒有說: 「我們的風格是波浪的。那麼我們把房子也設計成波浪吧。」

They focused on the need.

他們沒有說: 「我們的風格是格形的。那麼我們把椅子也設計成格子形狀。」

They tried to solve the design problem.

他們集中在需求方面。

Charles used to say, "The extent to which you have a design style

他們嘗試著解決設計的問題。

is the extent to which you have not solved the design problem."

查爾斯曾經說: 「你越有設計風格

It's kind of a brutal quote.

越說明你沒有解決設計上的問題。」

This is the earlier design of that house.

這是一個很大胆的引述。

And again, they managed to figure out a way to make a prototype

這是那間房子較初期的設計。

of a house -- architecture, very expensive medium.

而再一次他們能夠找一個方法去製造一個樣板屋

Here's a film we've been hearing things about.

建築是一個非常昂貴的媒體。

The "Powers of Ten" is a film they made.

這套短片就是你們所聽到的

If we watch the next clip,

"Powers of 10" 就是他們所製作的位片段

you're going to see the first version of "Powers of Ten," upper left.

如果我們看看下一段影片

The familiar one on the lower right.

你們會看見"Powers of 10"的第一個版本出現在左上方

The Eames' film Tops, lower left.

最熟悉的在右下方。

And a lamp that Charles designed for a church.

伊默斯的影片Tops，在左下方。

Video: Which in turn belongs to a local group of galaxies.

而那是查爾斯為教堂所設計的燈

These form part of a grouping system

（影片）：輪到那一個屬於本土星宿

much as the stars do.

它們形成一個團隊系統

They are so many and so varied that from this distance

就好像星星一樣。

they appear like the stars from Earth.

它們從這個距離是如此的多及不同

ED: You've seen that film, and what's so great about this

它們好像在地球看到星星一樣。

whole conference is that everybody has been talking about scale.

（ED）：你看過這套影片 它是何等偉大呢

Everybody here is coming at it from a different way.

整個會議所有人都正在談及尺度。

I want to give you one example.

每個人展現尺度的方式都不同。

E.O. Wilson once told me that when he looked at ants --

我想給你們一個例子。

he loved them, of course, and he wanted to learn more about them --

E. O. 威爾遜有一次向我說當他觀看螞蟻時 --

he consciously looked at them from the standpoint of scale.

他喜歡牠們, 當然, 他很想知道牠們多一些 --

So here is the tiny creature.

他又意識地從尺度方面去看螞蟻。

And yet simply by changing the frame of reference

這是一個細小的生物。

it reveals so much, including what ended up being the TED Prize.

而只要稍微改變一下角度

Modeling, they tried modeling all the time. They were always modeling things.

就能反映很多，包括最終得到 TED 大獎。

And I think part of that is that they never delegated understanding.

模型，他們經常做模模型。他們經常把事物做成模型。

And I think in our family we were very lucky,

我想部份原因是他們從沒支配觀念。

because we learned about design backwards.

我感覺我的家庭很幸運。

Design was not something other.

因為我們是倒過來學設計的。

It was part of the business of life in general.

設計不是別的。

It was part of the quality of life.

它是日常生活的一部份。

And here is some family pictures.

它是生活質素的一部份。

And you can see why I'm down on style, with a haircut like that.

這是一些家庭照片。

But anyway, (Laughter)

你們會知道為什麼我不主張風格，有一個這樣的髮型。

I remember the cut grapefruit that we would have at the Eames house when I was a kid.

但無論如何，(笑)

So we're going to watch another film.

我還記得我小時候到伊默斯家一起去切葡萄柚的情景。

This is a film, the one called Toys.

我們看看下一段片段。

You can see me, I have the same haircut, in the upper right corner.

這套影片名叫"玩具"。

Upper left is a film they did on toy trains.

你看見我，一樣的髮型，在右上方。

Lower right is a solar do-nothing toy.

左上方在一段他們拍攝玩具火車的片段。

Lower left is Day-of-the-Dead toys.

右下方是一個沒有任何功能的太陽能玩具。

Charles used to say that toys are not as innocent as they appear.

左下方有"Day-of-the-Dead"玩具。

They are often the precursor to bigger things.

查爾斯經常說玩具不像它們看起來那樣單純。

And these ideas -- that train up there, being about the honest use of materials,

它們時常領導一些大事情。

is totally the same

這個概念 -- 在那個火車上,最誠實地運用了物料，

as the honest use of materials in the plywood.

也是完全

And now I'm going to test you.

跟很誠實地用膠合板一樣。

This is a letter that my grandfather sent to my mom when she was five years old.

現在讓我考考你們。

So can you read it?

這是我祖父寫給那時只有五歲的媽媽。

Lucia angel,

你們能讀嗎？

okay, eye.

路西亞天使，

Audience: Saw many trains.

好，眼 (我)。

ED: Awl, also, good that the leather crafter's guild is here.

(觀眾)：看見了很多火車。

Also, what is he doing? Row, rowed.

ED：並且，幸好那個皮革工匠的團體在此。

Sun? No. Well is there another name for a sunrise?

再者，他正在做些什麼? 划船，乘坐火車。

Dawn, very good.

太陽? 不是。 嗯，是否有第二個名稱代表日出?

Also rode on one. I ...

破曉。 很好。

Audience: You had, I hope you had --

並且，坐在其中之一。 我……

ED: Now you've been to the website Dogs of Saint Louis

(觀眾)：你有，我希望你有 --

in the late, in the mid-1930's,

ED: 現在你們到過聖路易愛犬之家的網站

then you'd know that was a Great Dane.

在一九三零年代的後期，或中期，

So, I hope you had a

那麼你應該知道那個是大丹狗。

Audience: Nice time, time --

所以，我希望你有個

ED: Time at.

(觀眾)：美好的時光，時間 --

Citizen Kane, rose --

ED：時光在。

Audience: Rosebud.

Citizen Kane (地方名稱)， 玫瑰 --

ED: No, bud. "D"'s right. At Buddy's --

(觀眾)：玫瑰花蕾。

Audience: Party. Love.

ED：不，花蕾。 D 是正確。 在朋友的 --

ED: Okay, good.

(觀眾)：派對。 愛你的。

So, "I saw many trains and also rode on one.

ED: 可以了。很好。

I hope you had a nice time at Buddy's party."

所以全文就是，“我看見很多火車亦坐在其中之一。

So you guys did pretty good, cool.

我希望你在朋友的派對中有一個美好的時光。”

So my mom and Charles had this great relationship

你們做得非常好，很酷。

where they'd send those sorts of things back and forth to one another.

我媽媽和查爾斯有這個良好的關係

And it's all part of the, you know,

他們經常互相傳遞這些東西。

they used to say, "Take your pleasure seriously."

這些都是所謂的，你知道，

These are some images from a project of mine

他們曾說的：”認真享受樂趣。”

that's called Kymaerica.

這些是我的一個計劃的照片

It's sort of an alternative universe.

它們叫”流紋岩音頻“。

It's kind of a reinterpretation of the landscape.

它們可以說是另類的宇宙。

Those plaques are plaques we've been installing around North America.

它是一種對風景的從新演繹。

We're about to do six in the U.K. next week.

那些銘牌是我們把它在北美到處安裝。

And they honor events in the linear world from the fictional world.

我們下星期會在英國安裝六個。

So, of course, since it's bronze it has to be true.

它們記念著在虛構的世界中所發生的事情。

Video: Kymaerica with waterfalls,

當然，因為它們用銅製造所以它是真確的。

tumbling through our --

(影片)：流紋岩音頻的瀑布，

ED: This is one of the traditional Kymaerican songs.

翻滾在我們的 --

And so we had spelling bees in Paris, Illinois.

ED: 這是一個流紋岩音頻的傳統歌曲。

Video: Your word is N. Carolina.

而我們在伊利諾州巴黎有一個串字大賽。

Girl: Y-I-N-D-I-A-N-A.

(影片)：你的生字是北卡羅來納州。

ED: And then Embassy Row is actually a historical site,

(女孩): Y - I - N - D - I - A - N - A

because in the Kymaerican story

ED: 而「使館行」實際上是一個歷史地標。

this is where the Parisian Diaspora started, where there embassy was.

因為在流紋岩音頻的故事裡