I've been involved with the auto industry my entire life,

既是上帝的安排也是自我的選擇

and for the past 30 years,

終其一生，我都與汽車行業有著不解之緣

I've worked at Ford Motor Company.

30年來

And for most of those years,

我一直在福特汽車公司工作

I worried about,

在這期間

how am I going to sell more cars and trucks?

我擔心得最多的是

But today I worry about,

怎樣才能把更多的轎車卡車賣出去

what if all we do is sell more cars and trucks?

現在我最擔心的是

What happens

我們一直這麼做的話會有什麽後果呢

when the number of vehicles on the road doubles, triples,

如果路上的車輛

or even quadruples?

翻了一倍，兩倍，三倍，甚至四倍

My life is guided by two great passions,

會有什麽後果

and the first is automobiles.

我的生命被兩種強大的熱情左右著

I literally grew up with the Ford Motor Company.

第一就是汽車

I thought it was so cool as a little boy

事實上，我是隨福特公司一同成長的

when my dad would bring home the latest Ford or Lincoln

我還是個小孩的時候

and leave it in the driveway.

爸爸偶爾會把最新款的福特或林肯汽車開回家，停在門前的大道上

And I decided about that time, about age 10,

這真是太酷了

that it would be really cool if I was a test driver.

那時的我大概10歲

So my parents would go to dinner.

我想，如果能當上汽車試駕員，該有多好啊

They'd sit down; I'd sneak out of the house.

於是趁父母去吃晚飯

I'd jump behind the wheel and take the new model around the driveway,

他們坐下了，我就偷溜出去

and it was a blast.

跳上駕駛座，把新傢伙開上車道到處趴趴走

And that went on for about two years,

太過癮了

until -- I think I was about 12 --

我就這麼玩了兩年

my dad brought home

直到--我大概12歲--

a Lincoln Mark III.

有一天我爸爸把一台林肯 III

And it was snowing that day.

開回家

So he and mom went to dinner,

那天正好在下雪

and I snuck out

他和媽媽去吃晚飯

and thought it'd be really cool to do donuts

我溜了出去

or even some figure-eights in the snow.

我覺得（開車）在雪上畫0字型

My dad finished dinner early that evening.

或8字型肯定特別好玩

And he was walking to the front hall

但那晚爸爸的晚飯時間比往常要少

and out the front door

他走向客廳

just about the same time I hit some ice

正要出門

and met him at the front door with the car --

我就在這時不巧撞到了冰

and almost ended up in the front hall.

在大門口和他撞了個正著

So it kind of cooled my test-driving for a little while.

還差點沖進了客廳

But I really began to love cars then.

這一度讓我不想做試駕員了

And my first car was a 1975 electric-green Mustang.

但從此以後，我就開始為車瘋狂了

And even though the color was pretty hideous,

我第一台車是1975年的電光綠野馬

I did love the car,

儘管顏色真的很難看

and it really cemented my love affair with cars

但我相當喜歡它

that's continued on to this day.

它堅定了我對車狂熱的愛好

But cars are really more than a passion of mine;

這種熱情也延續至今

they're quite literally in my blood.

但汽車不只是作為我的熱情存在的

My great grandfather was Henry Ford,

我和它的緣分是與生俱來的

and on my mother's side,

我的曾祖父是亨利•福特

my great grandfather was Harvey Firestone.

而我的曾外祖父

So when I was born,

是哈维·費爾斯通

I guess you could say expectations were kind of high for me.

我的出生

But my great grandfather, Henry Ford,

我猜你們肯定覺得我肩負眾望吧

really believed that the mission of the Ford Motor Company

但我的曾祖父亨利•福特

was to make people's lives better

鑒定地相信福特汽車的使命

and make cars affordable so that everyone could have them.

是讓人們的生活更美好

Because he believed that with mobility

讓每一個人都買得起汽車

comes freedom and progress.

因為他相信，有了移動能力

And that's a belief that I share.

就會有自由和進步

My other great passion is the environment.

這也是我一直堅信的

And as a young boy, I used to go up to Northern Michigan

我的另一樣熱情是環保

and fish in the rivers that Hemingway fished in

還是個少年的時候，我常去密歇根州北部

and then later wrote about.

在海明威釣過魚的那條河釣魚

And it really struck me

那地方他在書中提過

as the years went by,

幾年後

in a very negative way,

這裡的變化

when I would go to some stream that I'd loved,

卻著實令我震驚

and was used to walking through this field

當我重回小時候最喜歡的那條溪

that was once filled with fireflies,

穿越從前那片

and now had a strip mall or a bunch of condos on it.

螢火蟲飛舞的田野

And so even at a young age,

眼前卻是鋼筋水泥的商場和公寓

that really resonated with me,

雖然當時很年輕

and the whole notion of environmental preservation,

我的內心卻被深深撼動了

at a very basic level, sunk in with me.

保護環境的意識

As a high-schooler, I started to read

在我心中油然而生

authors like Thoreau and Aldo Leopold

上高中以後，我開始讀

and Edward Abbey,

梭羅，奧爾多·利奧波德，愛德華•艾比

and I really began to develop

等作家的書

a deeper appreciation of the natural world.

我開始對自然界

But it never really occurred to me

產生了一種更深層的仰慕

that my love of cars and trucks

但我從未想過

would ever be in conflict with nature.

我摯愛的汽車竟然會

And that was true

與自然界背道而馳

until I got to college.

直到上大學

And when I got to college, you can imagine my surprise

我都是這麼認為的

when I would go to class

當我上了大學，你們可以想像我有多吃驚

and a number of my professors would say

因為我上課時

that Ford Motor Company and my family

許多教授都會譴責說

was everything that was wrong with our country.

福特公司，包括我的家庭

They thought that we were more interested, as an industry,

所做的一切都與國家發展背道而馳

in profits, rather than progress,

他們認為我們這個行業

and that we filled the skies with smog --

更重視盈利，而不是發展

and frankly, we were the enemy.

我們讓天空充滿廢氣

I joined Ford after college,

再直白一點就是，我們是敵人

after some soul searching

畢業後，我進入了福特

whether or not this is really the right thing to do.

我思來想去

But I decided that I wanted to go

這是否是最佳的選擇

and see if I could affect change there.

但最終我決定去嘗試

And as I look back over 30 years ago,

看看我能不能改變它的形象

it was a little naive to think at that age

回過頭看30年前的自己

that I could. But I wanted to.

那時我很自信很天真

And I really discovered

可我非常想這麼做

that my professors weren't completely wrong.

然後我發現

In fact, when I got back to Detroit,

教授的話也有一定道理

my environmental leanings weren't exactly embraced

實際上，我回到底特律以後

by those in my own company,

我提出的環保想法

and certainly by those in the industry.

並沒有被公司員工所接受

I had some very interesting conversations,

更別說同行的公司了

as you can imagine.

我經歷過一些挺有趣的談話

There were some within Ford

你們可以想像了到

who believed that all this ecological nonsense

在福特公司有些人認為

should just disappear

這種環保的想法全是胡扯

and that I needed to stop hanging out

不該存在的

with "environmental wackos."

而我不應該

I was considered a radical.

再與那些“環保主義怪人”為伍

And I'll never forget the day I was called in by a member of top management

我被視為激進分子了

and told to stop associating

我永遠不會忘記，那天，我被一名高層叫過去

with any known or suspected environmentalists.

說我不可以再跟那些

(Laughter)

環保主義分子有任何關係

Of course, I had no intention of doing that,

（笑聲）

and I kept speaking out about the environment,

我當然沒有這麼做

and it really was the topic

我還是倡導環保

that we now today call sustainability.

而我所謂的環保

And in time, my views went from controversial

就是今天所說的永續發展

to more or less consensus today.

最終我的想法從當时的備受爭議

I mean, I think most people in the industry

變成了大家如今的共識

understand that we've got to get on with it.

就是說，我想汽車行業的每個人

And the good news is today we are tackling the big issues,

都知道我們需要採取措施了

of cars and the environment --

好消息是，我們已經開始解決這些關於

not only at Ford, but really as an industry.

汽車及環保的重要問題

We're pushing fuel efficiency to new heights.

不僅是福特公司，整個行業都在努力

And with new technology,

我們把能源效率提升到一個新的至高點

we're reducing -- and I believe, someday we'll eliminate --

透過新技術

CO2 emissions.

我們正在減少CO2排放，並且相信有天我們會

We're starting to sell electric cars, which is great.

把它完全消除

We're developing alternative powertrains

我們開始銷售電能車，這是個很好的點子

that are going to make cars affordable

我們在開發替代能源

in every sense of the word --

這將降低製造和使用汽車

economically, socially

所付出的代價

and environmentally.

不管是經濟上，社會上

And actually, although we've got a long way to go

還是環境方面

and a lot of work to do,

的確，我們還有很長的路要走

I can see the day where my two great passions --

很多困難需要克服

cars and the environment --

但我堅信，我生命中那兩種執著的熱情

actually come into harmony.

汽車與環保

But unfortunately,

相互融合的那天並不遙遠

as we're on our way to solving one monstrous problem --

不幸的是

and as I said, we're not there yet; we've got a lot of work to do,

雖然我們正在著手解决這個可怕的問題

but I can see where we will --

我說過，我們現在還面臨著很多困難

but even as we're in the process of doing that,

可我知道我們會成功

another huge problem is looming,

在我們努力的同時

and people aren't noticing.

另一個大問題也浮出水面了

And that is the freedom of mobility

一個近乎被忽視的問題

that my great grandfather brought to people

那就是自由移動

is now being threatened, just as the environment is.

這是我曾祖父最先所提出的

The problem, put in its simplest terms,

可現在它正和自然一樣，面臨著威脅

is one of mathematics.

簡單來說，這是一個

Today there are approximately 6.8 billion people in the world,

數學性的問題

and within our lifetime, that number's going to grow

目前世界大概有68億人

to about nine billion.

在我們一生中，這個數字可能上升到

And at that population level,

90億左右

our planet will be dealing with the limits of growth.

那麼多人的話

And with that growth

地球的負荷能力將被推至極限

comes some severe practical problems,

人口急劇增長

one of which is our transportation system

也帶來了日益嚴峻的實際問題

simply won't be able to deal with it.

其中一個就是交通問題

When we look at the population growth in terms of cars,

可以說，這是我們的交通體系完全無法承載的

it becomes even clearer.

如果從汽車數量的角度來看人口增長

Today there are about 800 million cars on the road worldwide.

結論就更明顯了

But with more people

目前全球共有約8億台汽車

and greater prosperity around the world,

但隨著人數增加

that number's going to grow

和全球財富的不斷增長

to between two and four billion cars by mid century.

汽車數量必定會增加

And this is going to create the kind of global gridlock

在本世紀中期，全球會有20-40億台汽車

that the world has never seen before.

這可能造成史無前例的

Now think about the impact

全球性交通癱瘓

that this is going to have on our daily lives.

請想想這會給我們

Today the average American

日常生活帶來怎樣的影響

spends about a week a year

在今天，美國平均每人

stuck in traffic jams,

每年會有一個星期

and that's a huge waste of time and resources.

是在交通堵塞中度過的

But that's nothing compared

這可是對時間和資源的極大浪費

to what's going on

可是，相比之下

in the nations that are growing the fastest.

在某些飛速發展的國家

Today the average driver in Beijing

美國這點問題就變得微不足道了

has a five-hour commute.

在北京，平均每個駕駛者

And last summer -- many of you probably saw this --

擁有5小時通勤時間

there was a hundred-mile traffic jam

去年夏天，許多在場聽眾可能也目睹了，

that took 11 days to clear in China.

中國100英里的汽車長龍

In the decades to come,

那次堵車過了11天才被疏通

75 percent of the world's population

在未來的幾十年中

will live in cities,

世界75%的人口將會

and 50 of those cities

居住在城市

will be of 10 million people or more.

這其中將有50個城市

So you can see the size of the issue that we're facing.

人口過億

When you factor in population growth,

可見我們所面臨的問題有多大

it's clear that the mobility model that we have today

考慮人口增長的話，我們可以

simply will not work tomorrow.

清楚地知道，現行的交通模式根本無法

Frankly, four billion clean cars on the road

在未來沿用

are still four billion cars,

說到底，即便變成40億環保汽車

and a traffic jam with no emissions

還是有這麼多車在路上

is still a traffic jam.

即便是無污染的交通堵塞

So, if we make no changes today,

也改變不了癱瘓的交通

what does tomorrow look like?

因此，如果我們今天不採取措施

Well I think you probably already have the picture.

明天會怎樣

Traffic jams are just a symptom of this challenge,

我想結局大家都能料到吧

and they're really very, very inconvenient,

塞車現象只是我們所面臨的挑戰中的

but that's all they are.

一個小小癥候，他們真的很不方便

But the bigger issue

但也不會有什麽嚴重後果

is that global gridlock

更大的問題在於

is going to stifle economic growth

將來全球性的交通堵塞

and our ability to deliver

很可能成為經濟增長的絆腳石

food and health care,

我們的食物供應

particularly to people that live in city centers.

衛生保健服務

And our quality of life is going to be severely compromised.

會受到阻礙，尤其在市中心地區

So what's going to solve this?

我們的生活品質也將受到相當大的威脅

Well the answer isn't going to be more of the same.

那麼我們要怎麼做呢

My great grandfather once said

我們不能再用以前的方式了

before he invented the Model T,

我曾祖父在發明T型汽車前

"If I had asked people then what they wanted,

對我說

they would have answered,

“如果我問過去的人他們要什麽

'We want faster horses.'"

他們會說

So the answer to more cars

我們要跑得更快的馬”

is simply not to have more roads.

所以更多的道路

When America began moving west,

並不能解決這個問題

we didn't add more wagon trains,

當美國開始西進時

we built railroads.

我們並不是去瘋狂增加馬車數量

And to connect our country after World War II,

我們建了鐵路

we didn't build more two-lane highways,

二戰後，我們並沒有去修建

we built the interstate highway system.

更多的雙車道公路

Today we need that same leap in thinking

而是建立起洲際高速公路系統

for us to create a viable future.

今天我們同樣需要這種偉大的跳躍性思維

We are going to build smart cars,

來創造一個可實現的未來

but we also need to build

我們會製造出智能汽車

smart roads, smart parking,

我們同樣需要建立

smart public transportation systems and more.

智能公路，智能停車場

We don't want to waste our time

智能交通系統等等

sitting in traffic, sitting at tollbooths

我們不想再把時間浪費在

or looking for parking spots.

堵塞的道路，收費站

We need an integrated system

或者在尋找車位上了

that uses real time data

我們需要一個整合的體系

to optimize personal mobility on a massive scale

它要能通過及時數據

without hassle or compromises for travelers.

大規模地優化個體車輛的自由移動度

And frankly, that's the kind of system

而不會造成駕駛者之間的爭吵和妥協

that's going to make the future of personal mobility sustainable.

事實上，這就是那種

Now the good news is some of this work has already begun

能促進未來個體移動更具持續性的系統

in different parts of the world.

好消息是，這其中的一些工作在世界各地

The city of Masdar in Abu Dhabi

已有了進展