on February 1 this year,

我在今年二月一日抵達基輔時，

Independence Square was under siege,

獨立廣場被佔領，

surrounded by police loyal to the government.

由對政府效忠的警察包圍。

The protesters who occupied Maidan,

佔領獨立廣場的抗議者

as the square is known,

都已備戰，

prepared for battle,

儲備自製武器

stockpiling homemade weapons

和大量臨時製造的盔甲。

and mass-producing improvised body armor.

烏克蘭親歐盟示威 在 2013 年底和平展開，

The Euromaidan protests began peacefully at the end of 2013,

就在烏克蘭總統 維克多‧亞努科維奇

after the president of Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych,

拒絕與歐盟簽署影響極大的協議，

rejected a far-reaching accord with the European Union

以強化和俄羅斯的關係之後。

in favor of stronger ties with Russia.

為了回應這項做法，上萬名不滿的民眾

In response, tens of thousands of dissatisfied citizens

湧進基輔市中心表達抗議。

poured into central Kiev to demonstrate against this allegiance.

經過幾個月，

As the months passed,

警民的對峙加深。

confrontations between police and civilians intensified.

我臨時在赫雪司基街的 護欄邊搭了攝影棚，

I set up a makeshift portrait studio by the barricades on Hrushevsky Street.

以黑簾為背景拍攝示威者，

There, I photographed the fighters against a black curtain,

黑簾遮蔽了視覺性強 且引人注意的背景：

a curtain that obscured the highly seductive and visual backdrop

槍火、白雪與黑煙。

of fire, ice and smoke.

為了述說每個人的故事，

In order to tell the individual human stories here,

我覺得有必要移除 這些引人注目的背景，

I felt that I needed to remove the dramatic visuals

那些在主流媒體裡不停重覆 人們熟悉的景象。

that had become so familiar and repetitive within the mainstream media.

我所目睹的不只是新聞，還有歷史。

What I was witnessing was not only news, but also history.

有了這項體認，

With this realization,

我便不受傳統攝影新聞拘束，

I was free from the photojournalistic conventions

有別於其他報紙雜誌。

of the newspaper and the magazine.

歐雷格、瓦西里和邁可森都是平凡人，

Oleg, Vasiliy and Maxim were all ordinary men,

住在平凡的小鎮過著平凡的生活。

with ordinary lives from ordinary towns.

但他們穿上的精緻服裝

But the elaborate costumes that they had bedecked themselves in

非常特別。

were quite extraordinary.

我用服裝這個詞

I say the word "costume"

是因為這些衣服並不是 有人負責協調或統一發放的，

because these were not clothes that had been issued

而是臨時的制服，

or coordinated by anyone.

用退役的軍用裝備改製，

They were improvised uniforms

配上淘汰的軍備

made up of decommissioned military equipment,

跟向警方取得的戰利品。

irregular combat fatigues and trophies taken from the police.

我對於他們選擇 呈現的樣子很感興趣，

I became interested in the way they were choosing to represent themselves,

他們這種非常具男子氣概的表現

this outward expression of masculinity,

就是戰士的樣子。

the ideal of the warrior.

我慢慢地用底片相機拍攝，

I worked slowly, using an analog film camera

用手動對焦與手持式曝光錶。

with a manual focusing loop and a handheld light meter.

這種拍攝方式過時了，

The process is old-fashioned.

但讓我有時間跟每個人對話，

It gives me time to speak with each person

在他們回望我的同時， 安靜地與他們對看。

and to look at them, in silence, while they look back at me.

雙方對峙的緊張情勢

Rising tensions culminated in the worst day of violence

在充滿暴力的二月二十日這天爆發，

on February 20,

也是後來為人所知的血腥星期四。

which became known as Bloody Thursday.

效忠政府的狙擊手

Snipers, loyal to the government,

開始在學院街上對著平民和抗議者開槍，

started firing on the civilians and protesters on Institutskaya Street.

短時間內造成很多人死亡。

Many were killed in a very short space of time.

烏克蘭飯店的大廳變成臨時停屍間。

The reception of the Hotel Ukraine became a makeshift morgue.

街上滿是一排排屍體；

There were lines of bodies laid in the street.

行道上充滿斑斑血跡。

And there was blood all over the pavements.

隔天，亞努科維奇總統逃離烏克蘭。

The following day, President Yanukovych fled Ukraine.

簡言之，三個月的抗爭

In all, three months of protests

導致超過 120 人死亡，

resulted in more than 120 confirmed dead

許多人失蹤。

and many more missing.

事件很快就結束，

History unfolded quickly,

但獨立廣場上絲毫不見欣喜之情。

but celebration remained elusive in Maidan.

隨著日子過去，

As the days passed in Kiev's central square,

基輔的中央廣場除了武裝鬥士，

streams of armed fighters

更有成千上萬名平民參與，

were joined by tens of thousands of ordinary people,

湧上街頭集體哀悼逝者。

filling the streets in an act of collective mourning.

很多女性帶著鮮花

Many were women who often carried flowers

放在地上向逝者致敬。

that they had brought to lay as marks of respect for the dead.

他們每天上街頭，

They came day after day

在廣場內擺滿了上百萬朵花。

and they covered the square with millions of flowers.

廣場被悲傷掩沒，

Sadness enveloped Maidan.

安靜到我能聽見鳥鳴，

It was quiet and I could hear the birds singing.

這是前所未有的景象。

I hadn't heard that before.

我叫住那些走到柵欄前

I stopped women as they approached the barricades

要向逝者致意的人，

to lay their tributes

問她們是否願意讓我拍照。

and asked to make their picture.

我拍照時，很多女性都哭了。

Most women cried when I photographed them.

第一天，我和助理艾密內

On the first day, my fixer, Emine, and I cried

都跟每位來拍照的女人一起哭。

with almost every woman who visited our studio.

女性顯然缺席了許久，

There had been such a noticeable absence of women

直到這一刻才現身。

up until that point.

她們淺色的大衣、

And the color of their pastel coats,

鮮艷的手提包，

their shiny handbags,

手上一束束的紅色康乃馨、

and the bunches of red carnations,

白色鬱金香與黃色玫瑰花

white tulips and yellow roses that they carried

和滿是黑色的廣場

jarred with the blackened square

以及被困在此的陰鬱男子 顯得格格不入。

and the blackened men who were encamped there.

我很清楚這兩組照片

It is clear to me that these two sets of pictures

單獨看來不太合理。

don't make much sense without the other.

照片上的是男人與女人本身的體現，

They are about men and women and the way we are --

不是外表，而是本質。

not the way we look, but the way we are.

照片述說著不同性別在衝突中的角色，

They speak about different gender roles in conflict,

不只在獨立廣場，不只在烏克蘭而已。

not only in Maidan, and not only in Ukraine.

男人披掛上陣；女人獻花哀悼。

Men fight most wars and women mourn them.

如果說男人展現了勇士的樣貌，

If the men showed the ideal of the warrior,

那女人正是這種暴力的體現。

then the women showed the implications of such violence.

拍攝這些照片時，

When I made these pictures,

我相信我在記錄 烏克蘭暴力事件的結束。

I believed that I was documenting the end of violent events in Ukraine.

但現在我相信這是記錄一種開始。

But now I understand that it is a record of the beginning.

今天，死亡人數達到約三千人，

Today, the death toll stands around 3,000,

還有數十萬人流離失所。

while hundreds of thousands have been displaced.

我六週前又回到烏克蘭。

I was in Ukraine again six weeks ago.

獨立廣場的護欄已經拆卸完畢，

In Maidan, the barricades have been dismantled,

抗議時用來當武器的 鋪路石也都不見了，

and the paving stones which were used as weapons during the protests replaced,

所以現在廣場的交通又恢復正常。

so that traffic flows freely through the center of the square.

抗議者、女人和鮮花都不見了。

The fighters, the women and the flowers are gone.

一片巨大廣告牆上畫的是 一隻鵝飛過麥田，

A huge billboard depicting geese flying over a wheat field

遮蓋了工會大樓外牆的斑駁痕跡，

covers the burned-out shell of the trade union's building

上頭寫著：

and proclaims,

「烏克蘭萬歲；

"Glory to Ukraine.

英雄萬歲。」

Glory to heroes."

謝謝。

Thank you.

（掌聲）

(Applause).