[This talk contains graphic content. Viewer discretion is advised.]

（本講座所含影像可能會 引起不適，請酌情觀看。）

This is Nina Rodríguez's Facebook profile.

這是 Nina Rodríguez 的臉書檔案。

This person had three different profiles

她有三個不同的檔案，

and 890 kids between 8 and 13 years old among her friends list.

並且好友列表裏有 890 名 年齡介於八到十三歲的兒童。

These are excerpts of a chat with one of those kids.

這是她和其中一個 孩子的聊天內容的摘錄。

This is an exact copy of the chat.

這是他們的原話。

It's part of the case file.

這些記錄是本案件的檔案的一部分。

This kid started sending private photos

這個孩子隨後便開始發送私密照片，

until his family realized what was going on.

直到他的家人發現為止。

The police report and subsequent investigation lead them to a house.

他們根據警方的報告及 隨後的調查找到了一間房子。

This was the girl's bedroom.

這就是那個「女孩」的臥室。

Nina Rodríguez was actually a 24-year-old man

Nina Rodríguez 實際上 是一名 24 歲的男性，

that used to do this with lots of kids.

並且他曾經對許多 孩子做過相同的事。

Micaela Ortega was 12 years old

Micaela Ortega 當時只有 12 歲，

when she went to meet her new Facebook friend,

她準備去見一名 新結交的同齡臉書好友，

also 12.

她的名字叫 Rochi de River。

"Rochi de River," was her name.

然而她實際上見到的 卻是 26 歲的 Jonathan Luna。

She actually met Jonathan Luna, who was 26 years old.

當他終於被捕時，

When they finally caught him,

他承認他殺死了那個女孩， 因為她拒絕與他發生性關係。

he confessed that he killed the girl because she refused to have sex with him.

他有四個不同的臉書檔案，

He had four Facebook profiles

聯繫人列表裏有 1700 名女性，

and 1,700 women on his contact list;

其中 90% 都小於 13 歲。

90 percent of them were under 13 years old.

下面是關於「網路誘童 (grooming)」 兩個不同的案例：

These are two different cases of "grooming":

一個成年人通過網路 聯繫上了一名兒童，

an adult contacts a kid through the internet,

隨後通過操縱或誘騙， 將溝通話題導向性方面──

and through manipulation or lying, leads that kid into sexual territory --

包括談論性、

from talking about sex

分享私密照片、

to sharing private photos,

通過網路攝像機拍攝孩子們、

recording the kid using a webcam

甚至安排一次面對面的會面。

or arranging an in-person meeting.

這就是所謂的網路誘童。

This is grooming.

這一切正在發生，且數量越來越多。

This is happening, and it's on the rise.

問題在於：我們該怎麼辦？

The question is: What are we going to do?

因為與此同時，孩子們孤立無援。

Because, in the meantime, kids are alone.

他們吃完晚餐，回到自己的房間，

They finish dinner, go to their rooms,

關上房門，

close the door,

打開電腦和手機，

get on their computer, their cell phones,

最終同意進入酒吧

and get into a bar,

或者俱樂部。

into a club.

想一想我剛才說的話：

Think for one second about what I've just said:

他們正處於一個充滿陌生人

they're in a place full of strangers

且不受約束的網路世界。

in an uninhibited environment.

網路打破了物理上的邊界。

The internet broke physical boundaries.

當我們獨自一人 呆在臥室裏上網時，

When we're alone in our bedroom and we go online,

我們並非真的獨自一人。

we're not really alone.

至少有兩個原因 使我們並不關心這一切，

There are at least two reasons why we're not taking care of this,

或者至少沒有正確地對待這一切。

or at least not in the right way.

第一，我們確信一切發生在 網上的事情都是「虛擬」的。

First, we're sure that everything that happens online is "virtual."

事實上，我們甚至稱之為「虛擬世界」。

In fact, we call it "the virtual world."

你可以去查查字典，

If you look it up in the dictionary,

所謂「虛擬」就是指 一個事物看上去存在

something virtual is something that seems to exist

但實際上卻不是真實的。

but is not real.

我們用「虛擬」來形容網路：

And we use that word to talk about the internet:

一個並不真實的事物。

something not real.

而這就是網路誘童的問題所在：

And that's the problem with grooming.

它是真實的。

It is real.

墮落、變態的成人利用 網路來猥褻少年和少女。

Degenerate, perverted adults use the internet to abuse boys and girls

除開别的作案條件，他們還利用了

and take advantage of, among other things,

孩子和父母們的一個想法：

the fact that the kids and their parents think that what happens online

發生在網路上的事情並不是真實的。

doesn't actually happen.

幾年前，我和一些同事 成立了一個非政府組織。

Several years ago, some colleagues and I founded an NGO

名叫「阿根廷網路安全」，

called "Argentina Cibersegura,"

致力於提高人們的網路安全意識。

dedicated to raising awareness about online safety.

在 2013 年，我們 參與了眾議院會議，

In 2013, we attended meetings at the House of Legislature

討論與網路誘童相關的法律。

to discuss a law about grooming.

我還記得當時有很多人認為

I remember that a lot of people thought

網路誘童嚴格來講是誘騙者

that grooming was strictly a precursor

與兒童安排面對面見面 並發生性關係的前一步。

to arranging an in-person meeting with a kid to have sex with them.

但他們從沒想到過 孩子們經歷了什麽：

But they didn't think about what happened to the kids who were exposed

他們受到矇騙，與成人 談論性話題而身處險境；

by talking about sex with an adult without knowing it,

或是分享私人照片， 以為只會有好友看到；

or who shared intimate photos thinking only another kid would see them,

或是更糟的，

or even worse,

使用網路攝像機 暴露出自己的性器官。

who had exposed themselves using their web cam.

沒有人認為這是強姦罪。

Nobody considered that rape.

我相信你們中的很多人都認為

I'm sure lots of you find it odd to think one person can abuse another

不通過身體接觸就能 猥褻別人純屬無稽之談。

without physical contact.

我們生來就是這麽想的。

We're programmed to think that way.

我清楚這一點，因為我也曾這麼認為。

I know, because I used to think that way.

我曾經只是一個 IT 安全從業者，

I was just an IT security guy

直到這一切發生在我身上。

until this happened to me.

2011 年末，

At the end of 2011,

在布宜諾斯艾利斯省內的一個小鎮上，

in a little town in Buenos Aires Province,

我第一次聽說了此類案件。

I heard about a case for the first time.

在一次演講之後，

After giving a talk,

我遇見了一對父母，其 11 歲的 女兒是網路誘童的受害者。

I met the parents of an 11-year-old girl who had been a victim of grooming.

在一個男人的操縱下，

A man had manipulated her into masturbating in front of her web cam,

她在網路攝像機前 自慰，並被記錄下來。

and recorded it.

隨後這段錄像被傳播開來。

And the video was on several websites.

在那天，她的父母哭著問我，

That day, her parents asked us, in tears,

讓我告訴他們一個魔法公式，

to tell them the magic formula

好讓他們從網路中刪除這些録像。

for how to delete those videos from the internet.

令我心碎，並永遠改變了我，

It broke my heart and changed me forever

我不得不令他們失望， 告訴他們已經太遲了。

to be their last disappointment, telling them it was too late:

一旦內容被上傳至網路，

once content is online,

就已經失去控制了。

we've already lost control.

從那天起，我能想到，那個女孩，

Since that day, I think about that girl

她在早上醒來後，便與看過 那段錄像的家人共進早餐；

waking up in the morning, having breakfast with her family,

隨後走去學校，路上 都是見過她裸體的人；

who had seen the video,

到了學校後，便和同樣 看過錄像的朋友一起玩。

and then walking to school, meeting people that had seen her naked,

這就是她的生活。

arriving to school, playing with her friends, who had also seen her.

被徹底暴露。

That was her life.

當然，沒有人強姦她的肉體。

Exposed.

但她難道就沒有遭到性侵犯嗎？

Of course, nobody raped her body.

很明顯，我們用不同的標準 來衡量現實和網路中的事物。

But hadn't her sexuality been abused?

此外，我們還將怒火轉向社交網路，

We clearly use different standards to measure physical and digital things.

因為對我們自己的憤怒 會更加疼痛與真實。

And we get angry at social networks

而這便引出了

because being angry with ourselves is more painful and more true.

我們對這個問題缺乏 關注的第二個原因。

And this brings us to the second reason why

我們自以為孩子們 不需要我們的幫助，

we aren't paying proper attention to this issue.

因為他們對於科技「無所不知」。

We're convinced that kids don't need our help,

當我還是個小孩的時候，

that they "know everything" about technology.

有一天，我的父母開始 讓我獨自走去學校。

When I was a kid,

在數年裏，都是他們牽著 我的手帶我走去學校，

at one point, my parents started letting me walk to school alone.

但那天，他們讓我坐下，

After years of taking me by the hand and walking me to school,

遞給我家裡的鑰匙，

one day they sat me down,

然後對我說：「保管好 它們，別交給任何人，

gave me the house keys

按我們指示的路線走， 按我們約定的時間回家，

and said, "Be very careful with these; don't give them to anyone,

在拐角處過馬路， 過馬路前記得左右看看，

take the route we showed you, be at home at the time we said,

並且無論如何都不要和陌生人說話。」

cross at the corner, and look both ways before you cross,

我當然知道該如何走路，

and no matter what, don't talk to strangers."

但以前有負責任的大人在照顧我。

I knew everything about walking,

知道如何做是一回事，

and yet, there was a responsible adult there taking care of me.

而知道該如何照顧自己則是另一回事。

Knowing how to do something is one thing,

想像一下這種場景：

knowing how to take care of yourself is another.

我是一名 10 或 11 歲 的小孩，在早上醒來，

Imagine this situation:

我的父母直接拋給我 一串鑰匙然後說：

I'm 10 or 11 years old, I wake up in the morning,

「Seba，現在你可以一個人走去學校了。」

my parents toss me the keys and say,

而直到有一天我回家晚了，

"Seba, now you can walk to school alone."

他們才說：「不行，你必須按時回家。」

And when I come back late,

在兩週之後，

they say, "No, you need to be home at the time we said."

在他們突然想起來時， 才對我說：「你知道嗎，

And two weeks later,

你應該在拐角處過馬路， 並且過馬路要先左右看看。」

when it comes up, they say, "You know what?

甚至直到兩年之後，他們才說：

You have to cross at the corner, and look both ways before crossing."

「記住，不要和陌生人說話。」

And two years later, they say,

這聽起來很荒唐，對吧？

"And also, don't talk to strangers."

然而在科技方面，我們 做了同樣荒唐的事。

It sounds absurd, right?

我們放心地讓孩子們接觸科技，

We have the same absurd behavior in relation to technology.

因為我們相信總有一天

We give kids total access

他們會學會如何照顧自己。

and we see if one day, sooner or later,

知道如何做是一回事，

they learn how to take care of themselves.

而知道該如何照顧自己則是另一回事。

Knowing how to do something is one thing,

同樣地，當我們和父母們聊天時，

knowing how to take care of yourself is another.

他們經常說他們不在乎 科技和社交網路。

Along those same lines, when we talk to parents,

我會反駁問他們是否在乎自己的孩子。

they often say they don't care about technology and social networks.

作為成年人，對科技關心與否

I always rejoin that by asking if they care about their kids.

和對孩子關心與否是一樣的。

As adults, being interested or not in technology

網路是他們生活的一部分。

is the same as being interested or not in our kids.

科技讓我們不得不重新審視 成人與兒童之間的關係。

The internet is part of their lives.

教育總是基於兩個主要概念：

Technology forces us to rethink the relationship between adults and kids.

經驗和知識。

Education was always based on two main concepts:

如果這兩者我們都不具備， 又何談教孩子在網路上保護自己？

experience and knowledge.

如今，我們成年人 必須引導我們的孩子

How do we teach our kids to be safe online when we don't have either?

穿越那些我們自己也 常常不瞭解的領域──

Nowadays, we adults have to guide our children

那些對孩子而言更為誘人的領域。

through what is often for us unfamiliar territory --

如果不敢嘗試那些 令我們不適的新事物、

territory much more inviting for them.

那些我們不熟悉的新事物，

It's impossible to find an answer

我們就永遠找不到答案。

without doing new things -- things that make us uncomfortable,

你們也許都認為這對我很簡單，

things we're not used to.

因為我比較年輕。

A lot of you may think it's easy for me,

曾經確實是這樣。

because I'm relatively young.

曾經是。

And it used to be that way.

直到去年，

Used to.

當我第一次打開 Snapchat 時，

Until last year,

我感受到了我們這代人的重擔。

when I felt the weight of my age on my shoulders

（笑聲）

the first time I opened Snapchat.

（掌聲）

(Laughter)

我一點也不明白這個軟體！

(Applause)

我覺得它多餘、

I didn't understand a thing!

無用、晦澀難懂。

I found it unnecessary,

它看起來就像是個照相機！

useless, hard to understand;

它甚至沒有菜單選項！

it looked like a camera!

這是我第一次感受到代溝，

It didn't have menu options!

有時存在於孩子與成人間的代溝。

It was the first time I felt the gap

但這也是一個機會， 讓我去做該做的事：

that sometimes exists between kids and adults.

去強迫我離開自己的心理舒適區。

But it was also an opportunity to do the right thing,

我從不認為我會去使用 Snapchat，

to leave my comfort zone, to force myself.

但隨後我請十幾歲的表妹 教我該如何使用它。

I never thought I'd ever use Snapchat,

我也問過她為什麼使用這款軟體。

but then I asked my teenage cousin to show me how to use it.

它有什麼樂趣？

I also asked why she used it.

這是一次非常愉快的對話。

What was fun about it?

她展示了她的 Snapchat， 教會了我很多東西，

We had a really nice talk.

我們變得更親密了， 我們一同歡笑。

She showed me her Snapchat, she told me things,

如今，我也在用。

we got closer, we laughed.

（笑聲）

Today, I use it.

我不知道我做得對不對，

(Laughter)

但更重要的是， 我開始認識它，並理解它。

I don't know if I do it right,

關鍵在於要克服我們 最初感到的不適應

but the most important thing is that I know it and I understand it.

並去嘗試新事物。

The key was to overcome the initial shock

新的事物。

and do something new.

如今，我們有機會去進行新的討論。

Something new.

你最近下載了什麼手機軟體？

Today, we have the chance to create new conversations.

你利用哪個社交軟體 來聯繫你的朋友？

What's the last app you downloaded?

你會分享哪些信息？

Which social network do you use to contact your friends?

你是否被陌生人主動接觸過？

What kind of information do you share?

我們能夠在成人與孩子 之間展開這種討論嗎？

Have you ever been approached by strangers?

我們必須逼迫自己這麼做。 我們所有人。

Could we have these conversations between kids and adults?

如今，很多孩子都在傾聽我們的話語。

We have to force ourselves to do it. All of us.

有時，當我們去學校演講時，

Today, lots of kids are listening to us.

或是在社交網路上，

Sometimes when we go to schools to give our talks,

孩子們會問我們問題， 或是告訴我們一些

or through social networks,

他們沒有和父母或是老師說過的事情。

kids ask or tell us things

他們告訴我們， 而他們甚至不認識我們。

they haven't told their parents or their teachers.

孩子們必須知道

They tell us -- they don't even know us.

網路給他們帶來的風險，

Those kids need to know

以及他們該如何照顧自己。

what the risks of being online are,

並且，從根本上說，一如既往，

how to take care of themselves,

孩子們可以從任何大人身上學到這些。

but also that, fundamentally, as with almost everything else,

網路安全必須成為

kids can learn this from any adult.

一個國家裏每個家庭 和課堂都重視的話題。

Online safety needs to be a conversation topic

我們今年的一項調查表明， 有 15% 的學校表示

in every house and every classroom in the country.

該校存在網路誘童的案例。

We did a survey this year that showed that 15 percent of schools said

並且這一數字正在增長。

they knew of cases of grooming in their school.

科技改變了我們生活的方方面面，

And this number is growing.

包括我們所面對的風險，

Technology changed every aspect of our life,

以及我們該如何照顧自己。

including the risks we face

網路誘童以最痛心的方式 讓我們看到這一點：

and how we take care of ourselves.

它傷害了我們的孩子。

Grooming shows us this in the most painful way:

我們是否應該努力避免這類事件？

by involving our kids.

解決這類問題的第一步其實很簡單：

Are we going to do something to avoid this?

去討論它。

The solution starts with something as easy as:

謝謝。

talking about it.

（掌聲）

Thank you.

(Applause)