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The only thing I want for Christmas this year is to chill.

Hi, everybody. Welcome back to Ask Alisha, the weekly series

where you ask me questions and I answer them, maybe.

Thanks very much, as always, for submitting your questions.

Remember, you can submit your questions to me at EnglishClass101.com/ask -alisha.

First question.

First question comes from Carla.

Hi, Carla.

Carla asks, “How do native speakers use 'to have.'

'I have seen,' 'I've,' 'I have got.'

Formal and informal.”

Sure.

We use the verb “to have” for a lot of different meanings.

There's a grammatical function for the verb “have” when we pair it with the past participle

form of a verb like, “I have” plus a past participle, to make the present perfect tense.

Or, “I had” plus past participle, to make the past perfect tense.

So, there's that kind of grammatical function of the verb “have.”

However, if you just want to use the verb “have” in everyday situations like, “I

have a phone.”

or, “I have a camera.”

or, “I don't have any money.”

for example, then, “to have,” in that case, just means to own something or to hold

something, to be keeping something.

So, please consider the sentence that you're looking at with the verb “have” in it.

If it comes before a verb in the past participle, it's probably a past perfect or a present

perfect expression.

If you're seeing something after the verb “have” like an object in my examples,

like, a phone or a camera or money, then it's probably referring to owning something or

keeping something.

So, those are probably two of the most common ways that you'll see the verb “have” and

its variations in, at least, American English speech.

Next question.

The next person asks two questions.

So, the next two questions are from Essa Warsiadi.

I'm very sorry.

Question one from Essa.

“Can you explain 'through,' 'thorough,' 'though,' and, 'thought?'

They sound similar.”

Yes, indeed, they do sound similar and they even look similar in writing, for sure.

However, these words have different meanings and different functions in speech and in writing.

Let's look at “through,” to begin with, though.

“Through” means to pass into something and to come out the other side of something.

So, for example, “to go through a tunnel,” or if you're looking at a document, for example,

“to go through a document,” means to read through, read all of the content of the document

from beginning to end.

So, “through something,” is to begin at something and pass through all of the content

to pass through everything and come out the other side or to complete something.

So, if we also use the word “through,” to mean finished in American English like,

“Are you through with dinner?” or, “I'm through with my homework.”

So, “through,” those are a couple of different ways we use the word “through.”

The second word, “thorough.”

“Thorough.”

So, different from “through.”

“Thorough” means comprehensive, “thorough” means completely, “thorough” means well

done.

It has typically a positive meaning.

So, for example, “She was very thorough in her explanation of the word 'through.'”

Or, “She was very thorough in her explanation of the word thorough.”

Sorry.

“She was very thorough in her presentation.”

meaning she gave a lot of information in her presentation.

“Thorough” means well done, containing a lot of knowledge, a lot of information in

something.

“Thorough.”

So, “Please be thorough in completing your homework.” or, “He wasn't very thorough

in cleaning his room.”

So, “thorough,” means well done, completely done, finished, considering everything, considering

all points of something, even the small details are considered thorough.

So, we can use “thorough” for presentations, for activities that require small details,

“a thorough safety check,” for example.

So, these are actions that are done completely, fully, to the small details.

So, that's “thorough.”

Next word here is “though.”

“Though,” you can think of “though” in the same way you think of the word “but.”

So, it's used to contrast information.

It's used to express a difference in something.

So, you could follow someone's opinion with an expression like “though.”

So, for example, “I think summer is the best season though winter is pretty fun too.”

So, you can think of “though” in the same way as you think of “but.”

“A though B.” So, you're presenting A, and then, a contrasting opinion B, and you're

connecting those two ideas with “though” in the same way you would “but.”

So, “though.”

“Although” is similar.

We use “although” and “though” and “but” in similar ways.

What's the difference?

“But” is much more casual and “but” is used much more in casual conversation,

in everyday conversation.

If you're writing a document, a formal document, or if you're making a formal statement, you

could use “though” in place of “but.”

So, “though” shows contrasting information.

The last one on this list is “thought.”

“Thought” is the past tense of “think” when used as a verb.

So, “I thought you were coming today.”

or, “I thought it was going to rain later.”

or, “I thought this was such a great afternoon.”

“Thought” is used as the past tense of think.

We can also use “thought” to refer to an idea, as a noun.

So, “I have a thought.”

for example, or, “Do you have any thoughts about this project?”

So, we can use “thought” as a verb, past tense of “think” or as a noun, to refer

to an idea.

So, again, that's “through,” “thorough,” “though” and, “thought.”

Some of you might be wondering how do I remember which is which when I'm reading or when I'm

listening.

You have to pay attention to the grammar of the sentence.

They all have different grammatical functions.

You need to think about the grammar surrounding the word.

On to question two from Essa.

“What does 'love to hate' mean and when can I use it?”

“Love to hate” means it's something that you really, really dislike but it's sort of

enjoyable to dislike.

So, for example, this is an expression we can apply to reality TV.

Many people think reality TV is not very good entertainment or it's not very high-quality

entertainment.

However, it's really, really fun to watch.

So, maybe, for example, you just hate a character on a reality TV show, but, somehow, you enjoy

watching that TV show too.

So, something that you feel very strong dislike for and yet, you really enjoy it at the same

time.

That's something you can “love to hate.”

You “love to hate” that thing.

Next question!

Next question comes from Bowie Dente.

I'm very sorry.

Bowie Dente asks, “When can I use 'ever' in a present perfect sentence?

Like, 'I have ever.'”

“Ever” means at any time or at all times.

You can use “ever” when you're asking a question.

Like, “Have you ever blah, blah, blah?”

“Have you ever been to France?”

“Have you ever eaten ramen?”

“Have you ever taken a trip to the mountains?” for example.

We can use “ever” when making questions, that's one.

But, because “ever” means at all time or at any time, we may not use it to answer

a question like that, “Have you ever blah, blah, blah?”

We usually say, “Yes,” or “No,” in response to that.

We can say, “I have never ever taken a trip to France.”

or, “I have never ever forgotten my keys.” for example.

“I have never ever blah, blah, blah.”

But, in that case, it still means “never.”

An expression like “never ever” just emphasizes the word “never.”

So, to use “ever,” we need to pair “ever” with a verb in a sentence.

We can't say, “I have ever.”

Just “I have” plus a verb.

We cannot say, “I have ever.”

That's incorrect.

“I have at any time or at all times.”

It's redundant.

It's not necessary.

We can, however, use “ever” in a negative expression like, “I haven't ever been to

France.”

or, “She hasn't ever eaten cheese.” for example.

So, we have to pair “ever” with a negative to make a response.

We use “ever” for present perfect tense questions and paired with a negative “have”

or “has” to make a response, to make a negative response.

So, please keep those two in mind.

Next question.

Next question comes from Bajar.

Hey, Bajar.

Nice to see you again.

Bajar's question is, “What does 'dash' mean and when can we use it?”

Okay, so the word “dash” as a verb means to run very quickly for a short period of

time.

For example, “I dashed to the station to catch my train.”

or, “I dashed to the classroom for my test.”

“He dashed off to the flower store to buy a bouquet for his mother.”

for example.

These are very, very short periods of time and very high speed.

That's “to dash.”

However, we can use “dash” as a noun in a way that does not refer to running.

We can use it in writing, as well.

Sometimes, we use the word “dash” to refer to these lines we see in writing.

You might see hyphens, en-dashes and em-dashes.

These all have different functions in writing.

Hyphens may be used to connect words, en-dashes can be used to show periods of time and em-dashes

can kind of show extra information in a sentence.

We call all of these dashes.

This is kind of the category that we assigned to each of these.

So, there's the verb, “to dash,” and there's also “dash” as a noun which means all

of these sorts of things.

So, thanks for that question, Bajar.

Next question.

Next question comes from Ricardo Villaroel.

Hey, Ricardo, welcome back.

Ricardo's question is, “What's the difference between 'several,' 'sundry,' and,

'various.'”

Okay, I'm not quite sure how “sundry” fits in here.

“Several” means a few of something.

Think of “several” as higher than “a couple” or “a few” but it's not quite

many yet.

So, maybe, as a good hint, the word several sounds a bit similar to “seven,” maybe

it doesn't necessarily mean exactly seven of something but it's a bit higher than “a

few” and it's not quite at the level of “many” or “a lot of.”

The next word you asked about, “sundry.”

“Sundry” is something we use for household items like every day small household items.

We usually use that in the plural form, like shops which sell “sundries.”

So, this is quite different from the words “several” and “various.”

So, “sundry” is usually used in the plural form and it refers to everyday items in your house.

The last word you asked about, “various.”

We use “various” to describe a miscellany of things.

We use it before a noun typically.

For example, “various ideas” or, “various people” or, “various subjects,” “various

topics.”

So, “various” is used to describe many different types of something.

“Several” refers to quantity, “various” is just used to indicate that there are different

types or different kinds of the noun that follows it.

So, as I said, “various ideas,” “various flavors,” “various people” meaning,

different types of ideas, different types of people, different types of flavors.

So, “several,” quantity, “various,” types.

Next question!

Next question comes from Arnett Jake Newglid.

I'm very sorry.

“How do we use 'well' before someone starts speaking and 'though' after they

speak?”

“Well” is kind of used as a soft way to begin speaking.

“Well,” it kind of shows that you were listening to the other person.

So, it shows you listened to the other person and you are responding to them.

“Well, if that's the case,” it kind of has that nuance.

“Well,” it sort of shows you were listening and you are going to respond based on that

information.

Remember, “though” is used to show contrast.

So, if someone presents you with an idea or gives you an opinion and you want to show

contrast to that formally, you can begin with “though.”

So, if for example, you're in a formal situation, a business situation for example and someone