you see it in schooling numbers. So...

你可以由學校數量看出來。所以...

the numbers of people going to private primary

就讀私立小學的人數

has gone up from 10 to 17% over the last 15 years.

在過去 15 年已由 10 %上升至 17 %。

Secondary has gone up from nine to 27%

私立中學就讀率由 9 %上升至 27 %，

and then if you look in particular countries,

並且如果你觀察特定國家，

you find ,for instance in China, the big increase

會發現像是中國就有比其他地區更多的

in people going to elite private schools

人就讀菁英私立學校

but also huge business in terms of people getting

但同時也有一大部分的人選擇

online tuition, parents are finding ways to spend money

線上家教，家長們想盡辦法要花錢

on the great competition to improve their children's brains.

爭先恐後地訓練孩子的大腦。

Yes. So the resurgence is happening for a few different

是的。這個現象的興起是由於幾個不同的

reasons. One of them is that incomes are going up,

原因。其中一個是收入增加，

the birthrates are going down.

以及出生率下降。

So in families all over the world there is more money

所以對全世界的家庭來說，他們有更多錢

to spend on each child.

可以花在每個孩子身上。

If you look at the Chinese one child policy,

如果你看中國的一胎化政策，

you can get six people, four grandparents,

一個家庭裡會有六個人，四個祖父母

two parents, all of them willing to invest in the education

和兩個父母，他們全部都願意投資教育

of one child. And at the same time,

在同一個孩子身上。同時

you've had the whole of the world economy changing so that

世界經濟改變的現象導致

there are fewer unskilled jobs everywhere.

各地不須專業的工作變少。

Almost all decent jobs require you

幾乎所有的好工作都要求你

to have a qualification of some sort.

要有某些證照。

So the great advantage of private education

所以私立教育的一大好處

is that it's fantastically good getting children in school.

就是能理想地讓孩子待在學校。

So in countries where people are moving around a lot

所以在人們頻繁搬家的那些國家，

which is most of the developing world

通常是發展中國家，

and where populations are growing swiftly

以及人口快速發展的地區，

where you get this huge swift urbanization.

那裏有極度快速的都市化現象。

Governments just can't keep up!

政府沒辦法維持現狀！

So you'll get governments like Pakistan which

所以就有像巴基斯坦這種政府，

you know in Punjab which is a massive state struggling with fast growing cities

在旁遮普這個受城市快速發展所苦的大省

has partnered up with the private sector to send

與私立學校合作

poor kids who would otherwise not be getting schooling

讓原本沒辦法接受教育的貧窮孩子

at all into private schools.

進入私立學校就讀。

And they're doing that with over two million kids.

他們幫助了超過兩百萬位小孩。

And private schools can also be really really good

而私立學校可以提供真的很好的教育

because you know often parents are willing to spend

因為你知道通常父母願意花費

masses of money and you get

大把金錢來換取

a really high quality of education.

高品質的教育。

It is a dilemma for society.

這對社會來說是個進退兩難的困境。

Governments need to concern themselves about equality

政府必須考量到平等

and about social mobility, things that the private sector

以及社會的流動性，這些都是私立學校

discourages rather than encourages.

造成反面效果而非正面效果的。

The problem with private schools is that they do tend

私立學校的問題在於他們會

to increase inequality. When parents are allowed to spend

增加不平等現象。當父母能夠花

money on their children, they will spend as much as they can,

錢在孩子身上，他們毫不手軟，

so obviously rich kids go to better schools.

所以很明顯地富有家庭的小孩能夠上比較好的學校。

You see China which is increasingly putting controls

你看看中國，目前正逐步增加

on the expansion in the school's business.

對辦學事業的費用控制。

It's clearly pretty uncomfortable about it.

很顯然這是個令人憂心的現象。

Rather than trying to shut it down,

政府沒有試著減少私立學校的數量，

governments need to be trying to work with it.

反而必須試著跟私立學校合作。

Now there is a cost. If you allow the private sector

這些都是有代價的。如果你要私立學校

to operate, you are gonna get a higher level of inequality.

繼續營運，你就會得到更多不平等對待。

But I think that that is a price worth paying

但我認為這是值得的

for the liberty, for the resources, for the better brains,

為了自由、資源、學識、

for the innovation, for the quality of education,

創新、教育品質，

and the breath of education that you get if you allow the private sector to operate.

以及如果私立學校繼續營運你會得到的學習風氣。

So I think governments must look

所以我認為政府應該

at the private sector as a potential partner,

將私立學校視為潛在的合作夥伴，

not as they do in some places as an enemy.

而非像某些地區一樣將它們視為敵人。