It's sometimes referred to as the spirit or the breath of life.

有時被認為是生命的靈魂和氣息。

It prescribes our actions and colors our world.

它會決定我們的行為和彩繪我們的世界。

The one who can master the emotions can master actions,

可以控制情緒的人，能控制他們的行為；

and the one who masters actions, is the master of all future realities.

而可以控制行為的人，就能掌控現實和未來。

Today we look at the stories of 2 different men, 2 different world views, 2 different

今天我們要來看兩個不同人的故事，兩個不同世界的觀點、

2 different goals, and, ultimately, 2 different paths.

不同的目標，最終，帶出兩條不同的道路。

This is Alexander.

這是亞歷山大，

He belives that there are two kinds of people in the world: the conquerors and the conquered.

他認為世界上有兩種人：勝利者以及失敗者

If you want to be great, you have to become a conqueror.

如果你想要卓越，你必須成為勝利者。

It's a dog eat dog world, and only the fit survive.

這是個狗咬狗的世界，唯有適者生存。

You have to determine who will conquer with you and whom you must conquer.

你必須決定誰是你的夥伴，誰是你的敵人。

Alexander read a lot as a kid.

亞歷山大就像孩子一樣讀許多書。

He fell in love with Greek heroes who displayed the highest virtues: courage and bravery.

他迷上了希臘英雄們身上崇高的特質：大膽及英勇。

They were leaders — not followers.

他們是領袖，而非追隨者。

He didn't have much as a kid and had to work hard for everything he had.

他沒有孩子有的多，也必須很努力得到他有的一切。

This led him to believe that a persons life is the outcome of their actions and that they

這讓他相信一個人的生活如何取自於他們的行為，並且

must take complete responsibility for what happens to them.

對於發生在身上的事他們都必須負完全的責任。

Physically and intellectually, he held himself to incredibly high standards.

不論是身體還是意念上，他讓自己提升到非常高的標準。

There's no one he wanted to conquer more than himself, each and every day.

每一天，他唯一想要戰勝的就是他自己。

One day, he encountered a homeless man.

有一天，他遇到了一個流浪漢。

The man asked him for some change.

那位男子向他要了一些零錢。

Alexander knew what he was seeing: a conquered man.

亞歷山大知道他看見了什麼：一個失敗的男人。

How could this man let himself be conquered so badly?

這個男人怎麼能讓自己這麼慘？

How many mistakes must he have made to end up in this position?

他做了多少的錯誤造成他現在這個結果？

Why doesn't he take steps to dig himself out of this hole?

為什麼他不想辦法讓自己脫離困境？

Instead, hes taking the lazy way out.

相反地，他卻選擇了一種怠惰的方式。

He's trying to take from those who worked hard for what they have.

他看見有些人辛苦工作得到他們要的一切。

Those who made good decisions should not be punished by those who made bad decisions.

而那些做正確決定的人不該被那些做錯事的人懲罰。

Alexander knew that if the man wanted to eat, he needed to learn how to get fish

亞歷山大覺得，如果那位流浪漢想要吃東西，他就得學習如何捕魚，

and not have fish given to him.

而不是等著人給他魚。

He became enraged by the mans weakness.

他對於這男人的軟弱感到憤怒。

“This man won't get a penny from me”, he thought to himself,

「這人不會從我身上得到任何一毛錢。」他心裡想著，

“that would only enable his destructive behaviors and poor attitude towards life.

「那只會讓他生命中繼續有不好的行為和態度。

By suffering he'll learn or he'll die; that's the way the world works.”

在痛苦中，他可以學習，也可以死去，世界就是這麼運作。」

This is Joseph.

這是約瑟夫。

He believes that there are two kinds of people in the world: those who can help and those

他認為世界上有兩種人：可以幫助人的，

who need to be helped.

以及需要被幫助的人。

His father taught him that the highest good is to serve those who have nothing,

他的父親教導他，最棒的一件事，就是幫助那些什麼也沒有的人，

and to lift them up.

並且提升他們的生命。

Life is difficult, and those who have should serve those who have not.

人生很難，而富足的人應該要幫助缺乏的人。

Joseph read a lot as a kid.

約瑟夫像個孩子一樣看許多書。

He fell in love with various spiritual leaders who loved all and lived to serve.

他非常欣賞許多宗教領袖，他們愛人，並為了服務他人而活。

He grew up quite well off and always felt indebted to those who didn't.

他出生環境較富足，而他對於那些貧窮的人心裡有負擔。

He felt lucky to have everything that he did.

他很慶幸他擁有的一切。

One day, he encountered a homeless man.

有一天，他遇到了一位流浪漢。

The man asked him for some change.

那位男子向他要了些零錢。

Joseph knew what he was seeing: a completely underserved man.

約瑟夫知道他看見了什麼：一個

This man had been abandoned by society.

這個男人被社會遺棄。

Joseph felt like weeping.

約瑟夫心中好像流著淚。

“Imagine how much we have failed as a society to let someone get to this point,” he thought

「我們的社會是多麼地失敗，以至於他今天有這樣的結果。」他想著，

to himself, “life is so difficult and full of suffering and based on luck,

「人生這麼困難、充滿著痛苦，而基於運氣，

that anyone of us could end up in his position.”

任何一個人都可能有這樣的結果。」

He grabbed all the money he had in his pocket and handed it to the man.

他掏出口袋裡所有的錢，然後給了那位流浪漢。

And so, both stories end here.

而這兩個故事都在這裡結束。

Both men had unique worldviews shaped by their past experiences.

兩個人因過去的經驗，塑造出不同的世界觀。

They both percieved the same man in a different light.

他們都是看著同樣一位男子，但卻有不同的觀點。

Where one saw a weak man, the other saw a forsakened man.

一個看見的是懦弱的人，另一個看見的是被拋棄的人。

Their perceptions led them to feel different emotions.

他們的想法會帶出不同的情緒。

There emotions were heavily affected by what they thought they were seeing.

他們的情緒會被他們認為所看見的事情深深影響著。

In actuality, both men knew nothing about the homeless man,

事實上，兩個人對於流浪漢都是一無所知，

and they have no idea what led him to his position.

他們也都不知道是什麼原因導致他這樣。

This is often the case in real life.

這很常發生在現實生活中。

From a young age, both men were surrounded by an invisible structure

從小，兩個人就被無形的架構包圍著，

referred to as culture or environment.

像是文化和環境。

The knowledge they grabbed from this structure allows them to navigate the world.

他們會用這架構中得到的知識駕馭這世界。

Alex grew up in a structure of personality responsibility, of strength & weakness.

亞歷山大在一個人格責任、強勢弱勢的結構中成長。

He can only see people in this way.

他只能用這樣的方式看待每一個人。

It's all he knows.

這是他所知道的全部。

Joseph grew up in a structure of collective responsibility, of the needy & the fortunate.

約瑟夫則在一個共同責任、有幸運人及貧窮人的結構中長大。

He can only see people in this way.

他也只能這樣看待人。

It's all he knows.

他也只能這樣看待人。

For both men, emotions are tools.

對這兩個人來說，情緒是工具。

In Alex's world, anger is a useful tool that allows him to become strong

在亞歷山大的世界，生氣是有用的工具，這能幫助他變得更強壯，

— his highest ideal.

這是他最崇高的理想。

In Joseph's world, compassion is a useful tool that allows you to become a giver

在約瑟夫的世界裡，憐憫是有用的工具，能讓他成為一個給予者，

— his highest ideal.

這是他最崇高的理想。

One might wonder, if you could change the invisible structure that surrounds these men,

有人可能想知道，如果改變了他們所處那無形的結構，

if they reversed the books they read or the family that they had,

如果他們所讀的課本、他們的家庭改變了，

would they perceive the world differently?

他們眼中的世界也會不同嗎？

If they percieve the world differently, would they feel differently?

當他們看世界的方式不同了，他們的感受也會不同嗎？

The master of emotions, then, is the one who can alter the invisible structure around them.

情緒大師，便是一個能改變這些無形結構的角色。

This allows them to gather a diverse set of concepts which allows them

這可以讓他們收集不同的理念，讓他們

to see the same scenario in different ways.

用不一樣的方法去看同樣的場景。

They would be neither Alexander or Joseph.

他們不會是亞歷山大也不是約瑟夫

They would be both.

他們可能就是兩個人的結合。

They could become either one depending on the circumstances.

根據情況也可能只有其中一個。

Take a look at this image.

看看這張圖片

What shapes do you see?

你看到了什麼形狀？

You'd probably say a bunch of 3/4 circles and a square.

你可能看到了一些四分之三的圓還有一個正方形。

Technically, there's actually no square there.

但技術上來說，這裡沒有正方形。

It's simply a byproduct of how the 3/4 circles are arranged.

這單純是四分之三的圓型排列後呈現出的形狀。

But that doesn't change the fact that you'll always see it there

但這不會改變你看他的事實，

because you're familiar with the concept of a square.

因為你對正方形有熟悉的概念。

If you never learned what a square was, you'd never see it there in the image.

如果你沒有學過正方形長這樣，你永遠不會在這圖片裡看到它。

There's a layer of meaning hidden in the negative space.

在負空間中這隱藏了另一層涵義。

Emotional mastery is about perceiving multiple layers of meaning in the negative space of life.

情緒掌握是指在生活的負空間裡看見不同層面的意義。

It's about seeing all of the potential realities that could exist.

它是指看見有可能存在的事實。

It's about looking at a homeless man and seeing that his position could be a byproduct

當看見一個流浪漢，你可能看到的是

of his personal decisions or the byproduct of a cultural failure.

他所做的決定帶來的結果，又或是受文化的失敗影響。

What I'm not saying is that these men can think different thoughts

我要說的是，這兩人可以有不同的想法，

and change their emotions in the moment.

也能改變他們當下的情緒。

But, they can experience a different worldview now, so they see differently in the future.

但當他們能感受不同的世界觀，在未來也會有不同的眼光看事情。

They can find new ways of seeing or interacting with old things

他們能找到新的方式看待舊有的事物，

and all they need to do is listen — listen to the world in its many forms.

而他們所需要做的就是－傾聽，用不同的方式傾聽世界。

Had they listened to one anothers perspectives, or asked the homeless man for his perspective,

當他們聽了其他人的看法，或者問過流浪漢的想法，

they might have seen the whole situation in a new light.

看待整件事情可能就有一個新的眼光。

As we conclude, let's return to this image.

總結來說，讓我們回到這張圖片。

You probably think that there's nothing more to this image than the 3/4 circles

你可能會覺得圖片裡部就是四分之三的圓形，

and the square.

還有一個正方形。

But what if I told you that this is actually just one shape:

但如果我告訴你，其實它只有一個形狀，

a rectangle with 4-3/4 circles removed from it.

一個從中移除 4 個 3/4 圓的矩形。

It's called a fit rectangle.

他稱為合適矩形。

Just by listening, you now have a new way of percieving these patterns

透過聽，你現在有了一個新的方式看待這些圖案，

which was invisible to you before — a new layer of meaning.

這是以前你看不見的，但卻是一個全新的意義。

So, how does one master the emotions?

那一個人要如何控制情緒？

By listening, but more importantly, listening to points of view

要透過傾聽，但更重要的是，聽聽那些他們

that they haven't heard before or that are contrary to their own.

未曾聽過的看法，或者是和自己不同的意見。

To feel differently, they have to see differently.

要有不同的感受，必須要用不同眼光看待，

To see differently, they have to gain knowledge that they don't have.

要有不同的眼光，他們必須吸取所沒有的知識。

To gain knowledge that they don't have, they have to experience new things.

要得到知識，他們必須嘗試新的事情。

I think Joseph Campbell said it best,

我想引用約瑟夫·坎伯的一句名言，

"The very cave you are afraid to enter turns out to be the source of what you are looking for."

「每一個你害怕進入的洞穴，都有著你想追尋的寶藏。」

This video was based on my best understanding of Dr. Lisa Feldman Barrett's “theory

這部影片，來自於我對麗莎·費爾德曼·巴瑞特教授

of constructed emotion” which I talked about in another video.

有關「建構情緒理論」的認知，我在另一個影片也有談論到。

I put a link to it in the description.

我把連結放在下面。