The physical object of a book is almost like a person.

I mean, it has a spine, it has a backbone, it has a face.

Actually, it can, sort of, be your friend.

Books record the basic human experience like no other medium can.

Before there were books, ancient civilizations would record things by notches on bones or rocks or what have you.

The first books as we know them originated in ancient Rome.

We go by a term called the "codex", where they would have two heavy pieces of wood which become the cover,

and then the pages in between would then be stitched along one side to make something that was relatively easily transportable.

They all had to completely be done by hand, which became the work of what we know as a scribe.

And, frankly, they were luxury items.

And then a printer named Johannes Gutenberg, in the mid-15th century, created the means to mass-produce a book, the modern printing press.

It wasn't until then that there was any kind of consumption of books by a large audience.

Book covers started to come into use in the early 19th century, and they were called "dust wrappers".

[They] Usually had advertising on them.

So people would take them off and throw them away.

It wasn't until the turn of the 19th into the 20th century that book jackets could be seen as interesting design in and of themselves.

Such that I'd look at that and I'd think, "I wanna read that; that interests me."

The physical book itself represents both a technological advance but also a piece of technology in and of itself.

It delivered a user interface that was unlike anything that people had before.

And you could argue that it's still the best way to deliver that to an audience.

I believe that the core purpose of a physical book is to record our existence and to leave it behind on a shelf, in a library, in a home for generations down the road to understand where they came from.

That people went through some of the same things that they're going through.

And it's, like, a dialogue that you have with the author.

I think you have a much more human relationship to a printed book than you do to one that's on a screen.

People want the experience of holding it, of turning the page, of marking their progress in a story.

And then you have, of all things, the smell of a book.

Fresh ink on paper or the aging paper smell.

You don't really get that from anything else.

The book itself, you know, can't be turned off with a switch.

It's a story that you can hold in your hand and carry around with you, and that's part of what makes them so valuable.

And, I think, will make them valuable for... for the duration.

A shelf of books, frankly, is made to outlast you, no matter who you are.