is that they know how to recognize birds.

是他們懂得如何識別鳥類。

Sounds obvious, right?

聽起來很明顯，對吧？

But you may not know is that experts

但你可能不知道的是，專家

actually key into four characteristics to identify birds.

其實鍵入四個特徵來識別鳥類。

That's right.

沒錯

Those four keys to identification are size and shape, overall color pattern, behavior,

這四個識別的關鍵是大小形狀、整體色澤圖案、行為。

and habitat. When experts use these to identify birds, they're able to identify

和棲息地。 當專家使用這些來識別鳥類時，他們能夠識別出

more birds and they’re able to identify them more often.

更多的鳥類，他們能夠更頻繁地識別它們。

And with some practice of these four keys,

而在這四個關鍵的練習下。

you’ll start looking at birds differently. If you do,

你會開始用不同的眼光看待鳥類。如果你這樣做。

we promise you’ll become a better birder.

我們保證你會成為一個更好的捕鳥人。

So if you've ever wondered how that hotshot birder

所以，如果你曾經想知道如何，熱門的捕鳥者。

is able to identify a bird as it flies by quickly, well,

是能夠在鳥兒快速飛過的時候識別出它的身份，好。

we're going to let you in on their little secret. In this installment of "Inside Birding",

我們'要讓你在他們的小祕密。 在這一期的"Inside Birding"中。

we're going to cover the first key to identification: size and shape.

我們'將涵蓋識別的第一個關鍵：尺寸和形狀。

If there’s one thing I wish I knew when I was starting out,

如果有一件事我希望在我剛開始的時候就知道的話

it would be the importance of using size and shape to identify birds.

這將是利用大小和形狀來識別鳥類的重要性。

Like most people, I began by focusing on field marks and plumage details.

和大多數人一樣，我開始關注田野痕跡和羽翼細節。

But what I didn’t realize is how variable plumages can be,

但我沒有意識到的是，羽翼是多麼的多變。

especially as they change from one season to the next.

尤其是當他們從一個賽季到下一個賽季的變化。

While field marks can be helpful, it’s not actually

雖然字段標記可以起到幫助作用，但實際上並不是

what most experienced birders use to identify birds.

大多數有經驗的鳥人用什麼來識別鳥類。

We actually identify birds in the same way we identify

其實我們識別鳥類的方式和識別

things we see every day.

我們每天看到的東西。

So, think of it this way. When you see a friend or family member from a distance,

所以，你要這樣想。當你從遠處看到朋友或家人的時候。

you recognize them not by a detail, like their eye color or their hair style,

你認識他們不是通過一個細節，比如他們的眼睛顏色或髮型。

but by their overall appearance, their height, their build,

但通過他們的整體外觀，他們的身高，他們的身材。

that sort of thing. So if you can apply this same technique to birding, you'll be

諸如此類的事情。 所以，如果你能應用這種同樣的技術來捕鳥，你'將是。

able to identify birds as easily as you recognize your friends.

能夠識別鳥類，就像你認識你的朋友一樣容易。

This looks like a really great place to find birds. We’ve got a great mix of

這看起來是個找鳥的好地方。 我們已經得到了一個偉大的組合

habitat. We’ve got these low grasses

棲息地。我們已經得到了這些低草

and wildflowers; we've got this big bank of deciduous trees.

和野花；我們'已經得到了這個大銀行的落葉樹。

We have this big conifer over here.

我們有這個大針葉樹在這裡。

We have another bank of conifers over here.

我們這裡還有一灘針葉樹。

What I really like are all these berry-producing shrubs.

我真正喜歡的是這些產漿果的灌木。

That's gonna make this a great place to look for American Robin.

這將使這裡成為尋找美國羅賓的好地方。

I know what you’re thinking – American Robin, they’re too easy,

我知道你在想什麼--美國羅賓，他們太容易了。

they’re too common. But here’s the thing, it makes sense to practice your

它們太常見了。 但事情是這樣的，它是有意義的，練習你的

birding skills with a bird that you know you can locate, and most importantly,

鳥類技能與鳥，你知道你可以定位，最重要的是。

really spend time watching it.

真的花時間看它。

All right, where are they? Let’s go find some robins.

好吧，他們在哪裡？ 我們去找幾隻知更鳥吧

There’s a couple of phoebes up

有一對夫婦的phoebes了。

just where there’s the first main rise on the left side.

就在左手邊第一個主樓的地方。

Hearing some chickadees up there.

聽到一些雞鴨的聲音

There’s a pretty sweet waxwing.

有一個相當甜蜜的蠟筆小新。

All right, here we go, here’s a robin.

好了，我們開始吧，這是一隻知更鳥。

Okay, so check it out.

好吧，那就去看看吧。

We’ve got a medium-sized songbird that’s definitely smaller than a crow but

我們有一隻中等大小的鳴禽，絕對比烏鴉小，但是

larger than a sparrow.

比麻雀還大。

So Jessie just did two really important things when identifying birds

所以傑西在識別鳥類的時候做了兩件很重要的事情。

by size and shape.

按大小和形狀。

First, she put the bird into the correct group or family of birds. And I know what you’re

首先，她把鳥兒歸入正確的鳥類群體或家族。 我知道你在說什麼

thinking, that could be pretty hard, but you probably already know more than you think you do.

思考，這可能是相當困難的，但你可能已經知道比你認為的更多。

Is the bird a duck, is it a heron, is it a raptor?

這隻鳥是鴨子，是蒼鷺，是猛禽嗎？

Even the most basic observations are useful. The next thing she did

即使是最基本的觀察也是有用的。 接下來她做的事情

was to make a size comparison. Did you hear how she said

是為了做一個尺寸比較。 你聽到她是怎麼說的嗎？

it's smaller than a crow,

它比烏鴉還小。

but larger than a sparrow?

但比麻雀大？

Making comparisons is key

進行比較是關鍵

to identifying birds.

識別鳥類。

Yeah, when we’re out birding, we’re constantly making comparisons,

是啊，當我們在外面打鳥的時候，我們不斷地進行比較。

narrowing down the list of species to figure out what we're looking at.

縮小物種列表，以弄清我們'看的是什麼。

Now that we’ve checked out size, let's look at the shape.

現在我們已經檢查出了尺寸，讓我們看看形狀'。

Oh, here’s a robin, teed up,

哦，這裡有一隻知更鳥，被綁起來了。

just to the left of the tall conifer.

就在高大針葉樹的左邊。

Oh, yeah.

哦，是的。

Oh, it’s pretty chunky,

哦，很厚實。

kind of pot-bellied.

一種大腹便便的。

So when observing a bird's shape, it’s important to start out with the overall

所以在觀察鳥兒的外形時，要從整體入手。

impression of the bird. Jessie thought it was pretty chunky.

印象中的鳥。 傑西覺得它很厚重。

The next thing she’ll do is key in on those parts of the bird

接下來，她要做的就是重點關注這隻鳥的那些部位。

that are most useful for identification: the head,

對識別最有用的：頭部。

the bill, the length of the wings and the length of the tail. All the while, she's

喙、翅膀的長度和尾巴的長度。同時，她's

constantly making comparisons with the bird she sees to what she already knows.

不斷地把她看到的鳥和她已經知道的東西進行比較。

Yeah, so taking a closer look at its shape,

是啊，所以仔細看看它的外形。

we can see that it's got a fairly long bill,

我們可以看到，它'的得到了一個相當長的法案。

rather small head,

相當小的頭。

large body,

龐大的身軀。

and the tail is relatively long.

而且尾巴比較長。

Yeah, good description.

是的，很好的描述。

So if I were to compare this bird to other birds I know,

所以如果要把這隻鳥和我認識的其他鳥做比較。

I’d say that it has a shorter tail than a mockingbird but it has a larger body.

我想說的是，它的尾巴比知更鳥短，但它的身體卻更大。

It doesn’t have a crest like a Blue Jay or cardinal would.

它不像藍鴉或紅雀那樣有一個徽章。

And check out how long those wings are,

看看這些翅膀有多長

nothing like a House Wren’s stubby wings.

沒有什麼能比得上家鷦鷯的粗壯翅膀。

I don't think I can overstate the importance of making comparisons when

我不'認為我不能過分強調進行比較的重要性，當。

you're out birding.

你'出去打鳥。

Now I know this is going to sound a little bit weird,

我知道這聽起來有點奇怪。

but one of the best type of comparisons that you can make

但其中一個最好的類型的比較，你可以使

is to compare the bird to itself.

就是把鳥兒和自己相比。

And that's a subject of today's "pro insight".

而這'就是今天'的一個主題"親見"。

Comparing an individual bird’s body parts with one another,

將單個鳥類的身體部位相互比較。

for example the length of the wings relative to the length of the tail,

例如，翅膀的長度相對於尾巴的長度。

can be a particularly good way to identify birds that appear very similar.

可以是一個特別好的方法來識別那些看起來非常相似的鳥類。

A perfect example of this -

一個完美的例子--

Hairy and Downy Woodpecker.

啄木鳥和啄木鳥。

Here's what we're talking about. We have a Hairy Woodpecker

這就是我們所說的。 我們有一個毛啄木鳥

on the side of the feeder.

在餵食器的一側。

Now we have a Downy Woodpecker on the side of the same feeder.

現在，我們在同一個餵食器的邊上有一隻啄木鳥。

In both cases, they're males; you can tell by the red on the top of the head.

在這兩種情況下，它們'是雄性的；你可以通過頭頂的紅色來判斷。

And just for comparison, now we have a female Downy Woodpecker,

為了便於比較，現在我們有一隻雌性啄木鳥。

no red on the back of the head.

後腦勺上沒有紅色。

You can see how confusing these two species can be.

可見這兩個物種是多麼的混亂。

They really look very similar to each other.

他們看起來真的很像。

Now, let’s take a closer look at a couple of still images.

現在，讓我們仔細看看幾張靜態圖片。

Here on the left, we have a Downy Woodpecker and on the right, a Hairy Woodpecker.

左邊這只是唐尼啄木鳥，右邊這只是毛啄木鳥。

Again, it's really easy to see why these species are commonly confused,

同樣，它'真的很容易看到為什麼這些物種通常被混淆。

but when you have them right next to each other, like we do now,

但當你讓他們緊挨著對方，就像我們現在這樣。

the first thing that really jumps out is how much larger the Hairy Woodpecker is.

首先真正讓人眼前一亮的是毛啄木鳥的體型大了許多。

The problem of course is that we'd never see birds like this in the field,

當然問題是，我們'永遠不會在野外看到這樣的鳥。

so what we're going to do is compare the bird to itself.

所以我們'要做的是將鳥兒與自己進行比較。

Let's zoom in and see what I'm talking about.

讓我們'放大看看我在說什麼。

Here on the Downy Woodpecker the length of the bill is clearly shorter,

這裡的唐尼啄木鳥的喙長度明顯較短。

relative to the width of the head.

相對於頭部的寬度。

If you were to take the bill and rotate it one hundred and eighty degrees,

如果你拿著鈔票把它旋轉180度。

the bill would barely extend past the eye.

該法案几乎不會超過眼睛。

If we turn our attention now to the Hairy Woodpecker,

如果我們現在把注意力轉移到毛啄木鳥身上。

here we can see that the bill's obviously larger and longer

在這裡，我們可以看到，該法案顯然更大，更長的時間

relative to the width of the head.

相對於頭部的寬度。

If you were to take its bill and rotate it a hundred and eighty degrees,

如果你拿著它的鈔票，把它旋轉一百八十度。

the bill would extend well past the eye.

該法案將遠遠超過眼睛的範圍。

Let's take one last look at these together and it becomes clear what I'm talking about.

我們'最後再一起看看這些，就明白我在說什麼了。

But these are still photos

但這些都是照片

and still photos are really easy.

和靜態照片真的很容易。

So now let's take a look at birds as we might see them in the field

所以，現在讓我們來看看鳥類，因為我們可能會看到他們在現場。

and put this ID skill to use.

並把這個ID技能用上。

This one's pretty easy.

這個很簡單。

Again, look at how large the bill is. If you were to rotate that

再來看看鈔票有多大。 如果你要旋轉那個

a hundred and eighty degrees, it would clearly go beyond the eye.

一百八十度，顯然會超出眼界。

Any guesses?

有什麼猜測嗎？

That's right, Hairy Woodpecker.

沒錯，毛啄木鳥。

Now we have a bird as I tend to see them in the field with a lot of vegetation

現在我們有了一隻鳥，因為我經常在有很多植被的田野裡看到它們。

between me and the bird.

我和鳥之間。

But that is a tiny bill.

但這是一個小小的賬單。

That's right; it's a Downy Woodpecker.

沒錯，這是一隻唐尼啄木鳥。

Now this is pretty sweet. We have a bird in the nest cavity.

現在，這是相當甜蜜。 我們有一隻鳥在巢穴裡。

Again, look at the length of the bill. That’s a monster.

再來看看賬單的長度。 這是一個怪物。

Do you know what it is?

你知道這是什麼嗎？

Hairy Woodpecker.

毛啄木鳥。

Good view.

景色不錯。

Again, really large bill.

同樣，真正的大單。

Another Hairy Woodpecker.

又是一隻毛啄木鳥。

All right, so you're probably getting the hang of this by now.

好吧，所以你'現在可能得到這個竅門。

You know separating Hairy and Downy Woodpeckers is just one of many

你知道區分毛啄木鳥和絨毛啄木鳥只是其中的一種。

identification challenges that can be quickly solved

可以迅速解決的識別難題

using this type of comparison.

使用這種類型的比較。

The great thing about it is, you don't need another object or another bird to

最棒的是，你不需要另一個對象或另一隻鳥來。

make comparisons to.

與之相比。

All you have to do is to compare the bird to itself.

你要做的就是把鳥和自己比起來。

Whether we’re looking at a bird’s overall structure or we’re comparing

無論我們是在觀察一隻鳥的整體結構，還是在比較

individual parts of the bird,

鳥的各個部位。

we use size and shape more than anything else to identify birds.

我們用大小和形狀來識別鳥類比什麼都重要。

So to recap, the first thing

所以，總結一下，第一件事

you want to do when you find a bird is figure out what group or

你要做的，當你發現一隻鳥是弄清楚什麼組或

family the bird belongs to.

鳥類所屬的家庭。

Next, take a look at the overall size and shape and make comparisons to birds you already know.

接下來，看看整體的大小和形狀，並與你已經知道的鳥類進行比較。

And finally, if you get a good read on the bird, take a look at the body parts and

最後，如果你對這隻鳥有了很好的瞭解，可以看看它的身體部位和。

look at their size and shape and see how they relate to one another.

看看它們的大小和形狀，看看它們之間的關係。

Now keep in mind,

現在請記住：

size and shape alone may not be enough to enable you to identify every bird you

僅僅是尺寸和形狀可能不足以讓你識別每一隻鳥兒

see in every situation, but when you combine size and shape with overall

但當你把尺寸和形狀與整體結合起來的時候，你就會發現，在每一種情況下，你都能看到。

color pattern, behavior and habitat, the other three keys to identification which

色澤、行為和棲息地，其他三個鑑別的關鍵是什麼？

we’ll cover in future episodes, size and shape becomes

我們將在未來的劇情中涉及到，尺寸和形狀成為。

a powerful way of identifying birds.

鑑別鳥類的有力方法。

And remember birds are everywhere,

記住，鳥兒無處不在。

so get out there and take your birding to next level.

所以，走出去，把你的鳥類到一個新的水準。