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Okay, sothefirsttiptoimproveyourwritingisdon't usetext, speaktextspeakbythat I mean, forexample, like B r B or L O l orthosekindsofwords, thewordsthatyouuseontheInternetlike S andNasserintextmessageswithyourfriends.
Thoseveryshortlikeslangwords T t y l orEllaMae.
Oh, arethosesortsofacronyms?
Donotusethoseinyourformalwriting.
Ifyouarewriting a letter, a businessemail, whatever.
Donotusethose.
Theonlyonethatyoucanusein a businessemail.
Sonotin a letterofrecommendation, notin a formalletter, buttheonlythingyoucanusethatsortoftextspeakisheyestheocracy.
M F Y I, whichmeansforyourinformation, youcanuse F Fly I in a mailtoyourcolleaguesinanemailtoyourcolleaguesoryourcoworkers.
Butusuallyit's withsomebodyyouhave a goodrelationshipwith.
Youcansay F Y I inthosecasesother p textspeakotheracronymslikethat.
Butifyou'rewritingandyouhavesometimetothinkaboutwhatyou'rewriting, insteadofusing a wordthat's commonlikedeliciousandjustattachingverylikethiscakeisverydelicious.
What's a differentword?
Thatmeansverydelicious.
Socan I replaceveryanddeliciouswithonedifferentword, likescrumptious, forexample, thiscakeisscrumptious.
Scrumptiousmeansverydelicious.
It's onlyoneword, soifyoucandothis, ifyouapply a a wordthatmeansthesamethingasveryorreallyplusanotherword.
If I wanttointroducemyscrumptiouscakeandthen I wanttomoveonto a descriptionofthestorethatsellsthatcake, I mightuse a transitionphraseorsomekindofsequencephrasetohelpmedothat.
Soifinparagraph A, I'm talkingaboutmyscrumptiouscakeandhowmuch I enjoyeditinthechocolateflavorsandtheamazingfrosting, I coulduse a transitionphrase.
WeseethisinChildren's booksand, like I say, insortofinformalarticlesonline, thirdpersonstylewritingisusinghe, sheandcharacternameslikehewenttothestore.
Then, ifyou'rewritingabout a generalfact, youshouldprobablyusepresenttense.
Butifyouwanttocreatelike a fictionstory, forexample, andyouwantyourreadertoexperiencethestoryandkindoffeelenthusiasticorenergeticaboutyourstory, present, tenseandmaybecontinuoustensewithpresentwouldbe a betterchoice.
Thisisespeciallyimportantifyouarewritingacademicpapersorifyouarewritingsomethingyou'regoingtopublishinlike a journalormaybeeven a magazine.
Usingreferencesmeansyouareusingreferences, readingreferencesandwritingaboutthemandincludingwhat's called a citationinyourwriting.
Soyou'retaking a pieceofsomethingthatsomeoneelsehaswritten, puttingitinquotationmarks, perhapsdependingonthewayyouchoosetosightitandthenadding a referencelistattheendofyourdocumenttoshowwhichdocumentsyoureferenced.
Itmeansithasthenuanceofdrink A lotlikeyoucanalsouseitlikeit's a challengetosomeonelikesomeonewholoses a betorloseslike, uh, anargumentyoucansayDrinkupiskindof a challenge.
It's sortoflike a friendlycommandfordrink.
Soinsentence, ourbeersairhere, everybodydrinkup.
Takedownthenextraiselverbistakedown, takedown, asintakedownanorderTakedownis a phrase a llverbthatthesestafflikewaiterorwaitress, willuseattherestaurant.
Theymaycometoyourtableandsay, Can I takedownyourorder?
Theymayalsosay, Can I takeyourorder?
Ofcourse.
Buttotakedownisliketotakeyourorderandwriteitdownon a notepad, forexample, in a notebook.
Sotakedownyourorder.
Youmighthearthissoin a sentence.
Whenyou'reready, I cantakedownyourorderringup.
Thenextwordisringup.
Ringup.
Weuseringuptomeantotaltototalsomethingtototal a billtototaltheamountofsomethingat a restaurantorshoppingto, forexample.
Soagain, thisis a wordthat, Ah, waitstaffthestafftherestaurantmayuse.
Sowhenyoufinishyourmeal, theywillringupyourbill.
Theywillringupyourtotalandyouwillpaythatamountattheendofyourmealin a sentence.
Soweusesetdownfourthitemswhichwerecarrying, andthenwesetorweplaceon a table.
Sousuallythere's like a downwardmotion.
Ifyou'recarryingsomethinglikeyoucoulduseitfor a backpack, ifyouwanttoliketosetdowntotodropsomethingtoleavesomething, buttoputitit, likeon a tabletoputitin a placespecificallytheresowecanusesetdownat a restaurantlikepleasesettheplatedownonthetable, orcanyousetdownmydrinkoverthereor I'llsetdownyourorderoverhere.
Sosetdownmeanstoplacesomethingsomethingyouwerecarryingtoplaceiton a tableortoplaceiton a desksosetdownin a sentence, pleasesetdowntheplatescarefullycutsupthenextphrase.
Soifyoureceive, likeuH, nochickenorbeeforporkorsomelargeitem, youneedtocut, wesayCutuptomeancuttheentirepiecetocuteverythingyoureceiveesoin a sentence.
Makesuretocutup a stakeintosmallpieces.
Forexample, it's easierforChildrentoeat, or I take a longtimetocutupmymeat, forexample, socutupmeanscuteverythingcutintothenextphraseoverbizcutintosotocutintomeansjusttomakeonesliceintosomething, usuallyweusecutintoforlikethefirstslice, likeweuseitmaybetocheckthat a somethingisproperlycookedsometimessoliketocutinto a chickenortocutintoturkeyweusuallyuseisforthefirstslice.
Sothefirstexperience, likewhen I cutintothechickenallthejuices, cameoutandlookeddelicious.
I'm excitedtocutintomyThanksgivingturkeythisyear, or I'm I'm reallylookingforwardtocuttingintothatsteak.
Later, itlookedgreat.
Socutintoiskindofthat.
First, cutthatinitialcutwhereyoucanseemaybewhatthewiththemeatlookslike, oryougetyouget a senseofhowtherestofyourmealisgoingtotaste.
So, forexample, I liketoheatupmypizzabefore I eatit.
Myleftoverpizza.
Oryoushouldheatupyesterday's soup.
Itwouldbereallygoodtoe.
Havethattonight.
Ormaybeweshouldheatup.
Ah, somethingquickfordinnertonight, soheatupmeanstoincreasethetemperatureof a coldthing.
Chowdown.
SothenextRaiselverbissortof a slangexpression.
It's chowdown.
Chowdownmeansliketoeatreallyexcitedly.
It's it's not a phraseover, but I personallyuseverymuch, butyoucanuseittoexpressyourenthusiasmforsomethingsoit's typicallyusedforlikeonstartedjunkfoodtypethingswerelike, really, reallyum, everydayfoodslikeinthe U.
S.
A.
It's likesandwichesorhotdogsorlikesomethingyoumightgetitlike a sportingevent.
We'llsaylike I wanttochowdownon a sandwichlateror I wanttochowdownonsomepizzaafterthis.
So, likealllet's chowdownonsomepizzalater, forexample, soare, forexample, likewe'regonnachowdownonsomebarbecuethisweekend.
It'llbegreatandphrase a llverbsforsportsandexercise.
Solet's gogolong.
Thefirstwordisgolong, golong.
Weusethiswordwhenwe'replayingcatchorwhenwe'rethrowing a ball.
SogolongmeanswecombinethewordGowiththewordlongmeaningrunfarawayfromme, run a longdistanceawayfromme.
Sogoistravelmoveandlongis a longdistanceaway, sogolongwell, usuallyshoutthisbeforewepass a football, forexample, beforewethrow a ballgo, Longmeans I wanttothrowthis a longdistance.
Sopleaserunfar, faraway, and I willthrowtheballtoyou.
It's a niceonein a sentence.
I'm gonnapassthisnextone, too.
Yousogolong.
Tryoutfor, ah, thenextphraseoverbiztryoutforTryOutforweusedTryoutfortwomeanauditionlikeinsports, buttoauditionfor a teamtoapplytobe a memberof a team.
Sototryoutfor a teamtotryoutfor a sport, thisishowwecanuse.
Tryoutforworkupthenextphrase a llverbisworkupasinworkup a sweat, Workup a sweatweuseworkup a sweattomeancauseyourbodytosweatbecauseofexerciseSobydoingsomethingactive, likedoingsportsorrunningforexampleAnythingactivewithyourbodywecauseourbodiestosweatandweusedtheexpressionworkup a sweattoexpressthatweuseworkbecausewe'reworkingandwe'removingOurbodieswereactiveWeareworkingourbodiesOurbodiesareworking, They'removing, they'refunctioning.
Soweuseworkup a sweatOurbodiesairworkingandthetemperaturemaybeincreasesSoourbodiesstartstosweattotrytocoolusdownSowesayWorkup a sweattodescribethisUm, insomeexamplesentencesMm.
I triedtoworkup a sweat A T's twice a weekOrhowoftendoyouworkup a sweat?
Oritfeelsreallygoodtoworkup a goodsweatnowandthen.
Yeah, rootforthenextexpressionisrootforrootforweuserouteforatsportingevents, sorootformeanssupport a team.
Sotorootforlike I'm goingtorootforthefootballteamor I'm goingtorootformycountry's teamor I'm goingtorootformycity's team.
Routefourmeanssupport.
So I liketorootformycollegeteameveryyear, or I liketorootformycollegefootballteameveryyear.
That's true.
Orwhichteamdoyouwanttorootforthisweekend?
Workoffthenextphraseoverbiz.
Workoff, workoff.
Sowetalkedaboutworkuplikeworkup a sweat.
Butherethewordisworkoff.
Weusuallyusethistotalkaboutcalories, so I wanttoworkoffthecheesecake.
I atefor a dessertlastnight.
I wanttoworkofftheburrito I hadforlunchtoday.
Workoffmeans a foodyouate, andweweusethewordworkofftomeanworkourbodies, asinworkthroughexerciseandworkoff.
Sowewanttotakeofffromourbodies.
Thecaloriesweaddedtoitbyeatingsoexamplesentenceswouldbe, Yeah, I wanttoworkoffthecheesecake I atelastnight.
Soifyou'redietingorifyou'retryingtobecomehealthyoryoujustwanttoexerciseawayissomeextracaloriesyoucanusetheexpressionworkofftoworkoff a foodtoworkoffsomecalories, cheeroncheerforthenextexpression, ormaybepairofexpressionsischeeronorcheerfor.
So I talkedaboutthewordrootforandcheeronandcheerforourverysimilar.
Weusetheminprettymuchthesameway.
Soweusecheeronah, usuallybefore a teamnamelike I'm goingtocheeronmyhighschoolteam, where I'm goingtocheeronmysonordaughter's teamthisweekend.
Sobeforeyoubegin a somekindofexerciseorsomeactivity, it's commontobeginwith a warmup, a shortkindofeasyexercisetoprepareyourbodytoworkouttoexercise, so a warmupisoftenincludedinanexerciseroutine.
Warmupisthephraseover.
Weusesoexamplesentences.
I liketodo a fiveminutewarmupbefore I gojogging.
Orwhatdoyouusuallydoforyourwarmup?
Or I thinkit's reallyimportanttodo a warmupbeforeyoustartworkingoutcooldownallright.
Thelastonefortodayiscooldown.
Cooldownisreallytheoppositeofwarmup, soweusewarmuptoexplainraisingourbody's temperaturebeforewedo a workout.
Cooldownisusedtoexplaincoolingthebody's temperatureafter a workout, reducingourenergylevelsafter a workout.
Forexample.
I thinkit's importanttotakefiveminutestocooldownafteryourworkout.
Okay, sothisisfor a process, somethingwestudytobecomeabletodo.
Nowlet's talkabout a coupleofpasttenseexample.
Sothesetwoaremaybepresenttenseexpressions.
Let's talkaboutsomepasttenseexamplesentences.
The 1st 1 when I was a kid, I couldandourverbSohere I'vesaidwhen I was a kid, youcanchangethis.
Ofcourse, when I was a student, when I wasanelementaryschoolstudent, when I livedin a differentcity, forexample, sothispartcanchangeto a differenttimeperiodinyourlife.
However, here I'm usingthepasttense.
Could I couldSothisimpliesthissuggeststhatmaybethisactionisnotpossibleforyou.
Nowlet's lookatsomeexamplesSowhen I was a kid, I couldswimalldaylong.
Sothissentencesoundslikenow I can't really, um, it's It's just a simpleexpression.
Youcanchangethistolike, when I was, uh, inSwimmingClub, forexample, I couldswimalldaylong, sothereare a lotofdifferentvariationsyoucanusewiththispowder.
Anyway, let's lookatanotherexamplewhenyouworkit.
Somaybeif a parentwantstotalktotheirsonordaughterabouttheirchildhood, theycanusethisexpression.
Sowhenyouwere a kid, youcouldsleepfor 12 hoursstraight.
SOS, 12 hoursstraightmeans 12 hoursnonstop.
Soyouismysubjectherewhenyouthereforewaas.
Inmyexample, patternchangestowerewhenyouwere a kid, youcouldsleepfor 12 hoursstraight.
Soagain, thisis a pasttenseexpression.
Let's lookatonemorepasttenseexpressionmaybeyou'refamiliarwithusedtousedtoso I usedtobeabletodosomething.
Sowheretheactionis a verbhere, Soherewehaveusedto.
Somaybe, youknow, I usedtofollowedbyjust a simpleverb.
So, like I usedtocookeverydayor I usedtoexerciseeverydayhereweintroduced.
Sothisis a sentenceyoucanusetomake a predictiontomake a guess.
Let's lookatonemoreexamplesaidthis.
Okay, inthefuture, we'llbeabletotraveltospace.
Sohereagain, I'm making a guessaboutspacetravel.
So I don't have a highlevelofconfidencebecause I don't knowverymuchaboutspacetravel.
But I wanttomake a guess.
Inthefuture, we'llbeabletotraveltospace.
Ifyouwanttodecreasethelevelofconfidenceofyourguests, youcaninclude I think, forexample, inthefuture I thinkwe'llbeabletotravelspacesoyoucanchangethelevelofyourconfidenceofyourguestsofbyintroducingsomeotherphraseslike I think.
Ormaybe.
Allright, sotheseare a fewwaysthatyoucanexpressyourabilitiesinthepast, thepresentandinthefuture, theseairjust a coupleofdifferentpatternstodothat.
It's justit's It's like a strongkindofroughversionoffallingasleeppassingout.
Soexamplesofthis I almostpassedoutonthebus.
Oneofmycoworkerspassedoutinherdesktoday.
Yes, soaswetalkedabouttheseair, bothexamplesofsituationswhereit's kindoflike a roughwaytofallasleep, like, almostpassedoutonthebusliketheimages, I wassotired.
I wassittingonthebusand I justalmostcompletelyfellasleep.
I didn't planto, really.
Inthesecondexample, a coworkerpassedoutattheirdesk.
It's likesomeonewassotired.
They'resleepingattheirdesk, soit's kindof a roughimageoffallingasleepThethirdvariationforthisverbistopassuptopassup.
Thismeanstonottakeadvantageof a chanceoranopportunity.
Someansliketoe.
Letsomethinggotoe, letanopportunitygo.
Examples.
Youpassedup a raise.
Why, forsomereason, hepassedup a fullscholarship.
Okay, sobothoftheseareexamplesofsituationsthatseemtopresent a bigchanceor a bigopportunity.
Butwe'reusingtheexpressionpassedupinthefirstexamplewesawpassup a raise.
Youpassedup a raise.
Why?
Likewhywouldyounottaketherace?
Sowhywouldyouletgo?
Thechancefor a raiseSoyouhavethechancetoearnmoremoney.