Name: 大流行病從何而來？ (Where Do Pandemics Come From?)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T10:22:57.000Z
Duration: 28 min 50 s
Description: 【看影片學英語】數萬部 YouTube 影片，搭配英漢字典即點即查，輕鬆掌握單字發音與用法，長久累積看電影不必再看字幕。學這些英文用法：武漢肺炎,新型冠狀病毒,新冠肺炎,COVID-19

welcome to a special extended edition off Prognosis Daily Corona Virus I'm Jason Gail, a senior editor with Bloomberg News.

Now that the Corona virus has become a household name, we want to take a deeper look into hell.

Pandemic spread If you want to learn more about what's happening day today, when it comes to the coronavirus, be sure to check out our feet for a daily podcast.

But on this episode, we're diving deep into the scary world of pandemics.

Where did they come from and why are they occurring more frequently?

We're gonna meet some of the world's most experienced pandemic experts.

The men and women on the front lines of the battle to contain covert 19 and other global scourge is Dr Michael Ryan is like the chief firefighter of global health.

Boli affable Irishman Mike leads the emergencies program at the World Health Organization.

The United Nations Agency has provided specialist technical advice and set guidelines and standards on international health matters.

Since 1948 Mike is also the crisis manager of a United Nations team to address the pneumonia causing disease that erupted in China at the end of last year, covered 19 triggered a global health emergency and made Corona virus.

Covered 19 is the latest and possibly most important outbreak that Mike has ever tried to extinguish.

For almost 25 years, he's been at the forefront of some of the most significant disease outbreaks.

The job's taken him across Central Africa for more than a dozen Ebola epidemics alone, but never in his career as he faced such a rapid, spreading novel disease on a global scale.

It's also a job he never expected to be doing.

Likes it out in life to become an orthopedic surgeon, but a terrible motorcycle accident in his twenties into vein while recuperating from a broken back, he recalled in earliest stint in Kenya and how he could apply his skills in public health.

Instead, Fate chose to throw me into public health.

But as my grandmother once said to me, only a grandmother can say this probably the best thing that ever happened to your son.

You know, Mike wound up Working with Dr David Heyman is like them.

Mick Jagger of Disease detectives before becoming a professor of infectious disease epidemiology in London, David tackled smallpox, polio, Ebola and Legionnaire's disease, just to mention a few in the only two thousands.

David led the World Health Organization's response to severe acute respiratory syndrome, or size.

O in Geneva when he was introduced to my crime.

David had been asked by the director general to set up a program in emerging infectious diseases.

It was looking over some epidemiological data collected in the mid 19 seventies from an Ebola outbreak in Kikwit, in the southwestern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Okay, Mike recalls being dragged into an impromptu meeting.

At the end of it, David recognized Micah's someone he could use in a field.

Then he worked out a way to get Mike on his team.

I got traded, you know, like in baseball when you don't know.

The coach just called you in and says, Pack your bags, you're going to Minnesota.

Fast forward 24 years and this imposing former rugby player now commands an expanded band of the disease equivalent of global firefighters.

On any one day they're tackling over 30 outbreaks and natural disasters, the other first responders to the planet's biggest, scariest and often most complex health crises.

Each year, the team is facing newer and bigger demands.

They're happening everywhere, and they're happening all the time, Mike says.

We have an eclectic background of people because, you know, we have logisticians.

The diversity of team members reflects the complexity of these health events.

The last Ebola outbreak, for example, occurred in a conflict zone that made it often dangerous to vaccinate people and to trace people known to have been in contact with an infected individual.

Navigating the unique challenges that age outbreak brings comes down to a cumulative knowledge and practical knowhow.

The only training that really matters and crisis management is experienced and you know that is where you learn.

You make the mistakes and you learn from the That's the hard thing in crisis.

Management is coming to terms with the fact that you won't always be right.

You will always have to make a decision before you have enough data, and it's really easy for the armchair generals to sit on the site pitching because they have no accountability for the Al.

Come on, it's easy for the retrospective scopes to be taken out afterwards to say, Surely you wouldn't have done that.

Of course I wouldn't have done that if I had known what I know now.

And that's the hard part of crisis manager, the easy privates.

All this science, even the hard part is taking responsibility, becoming accountable for the decisions you make because you're taking communities helped into your hands.

You're taking the lives of your own staff into your hands way only need to look at the current cove in 19 Pandemic to see the political ramifications of disease outbreaks.

And there are hard choices of crisis management to be made in almost any public health threat.

In 2009 a new strain of H one N one influenza emerged in Mexico.

It was incubated in pigs but managed to jump across into people.

It's packed a large epidemic that quickly spread globally, and what constituted the first flu pandemic in more than 40 years, and this new swine flu contagion spooked the world's flu experts.

It wasn't what that being expecting at all, Varada Gist had thought the next pandemic would have come from bird flu, one that had first popped up in a farm goose in southern China in 1996 and spread a decade later across Asia into Europe and Africa.

That avian flu virus, known as H five N one killed about 2/3 of the people who caught it.

But the virus never morphed into a form that was easily transmissible among people.

So the pandemic scientists were expecting never happened.

And when swine flu came along, Weld health authorities were blank for overreacting.

Nobel Prize winning immunologist Peter Dodie says the H one n one swan flew was designated a pandemic because it was a virus humanity hadn't encountered in that form before.

It was actually two pig viruses that got together.

Barris went right back to the 99 18 pandemic bars on um, it Ah, it was This is part of the problem people automatically associate with pandemic show.

Kara, we're all gonna die, which may not be totally unreasonable with woo and virus.

But a lot of people might die if it really blood and we don't get a vaccine or therapeutics quickly, but the because it was called a pandemic, people are expecting very severe infection on.

We'd already had all this discussion about the driving one bird flu, which didn't go anyway, But I think we were right to try and prepare for, but it didn't jump and just shows how really a poorly We still understand these things, even though a lot of if it's gone into understanding why some viruses course and sometimes it's not just chance.

So So when they announced was a pandemic, of course, every unsettle we're in for a terrible time, but it actually turned out to be that was very, very infectious.

It was no worse than the usual seasonal flu.

So then everyone got angry because I said, Well, W H O has been lying to us and calling us pandemic.

The pandemic strain now circulates is part of the flu viruses that cause seasonal epidemics.

The H one n one virus still causes a lot of hospitalizations and even debts Each year, people by and large don't react to it with the same level of alarm that they did when it emerged more than a decade ago.

Some people have looked back and said, Oh, you you public health people sounded a false alarm with H one N one.

This is Dr Tom Frieden, president and CEO of Resolve to Save Lives, a global initiative of the NGO.

He's also a former director of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Freedom was health commissioner in New York City during the H one n one pandemic, and it is true that fewer people died in that pandemic year than die in an average year.

The estimate is, 1500 kids in the US died because of H one N one.

And to comparing it to what shouldn't happen every year is kind of misguided.

Flu is the Rodney Dangerfield of diseases.

Every year it hospitalizes millions of people, kills thousands tens of thousands, sometimes hundreds of thousands of people in this country and around the world.

And yet we don't take it as seriously as we should only half of people in the US get a flu shot every year, and it's very rare for people to get the kind of treatment that they might shorten the duration of their illness.

So with H one n one, there was, as there is with many epidemics, Ah, fog of war reality early arm, where you're getting reports in from many places, they're inconsistent.

It's confusing at first, and it's on Lee with really meticulous epidemiology, understanding how it spreads, how readily it spreads, how severe the diseases in depth studies, that you can get a better sense of.

What is the real burden that this is going to cause When public health experts think of pathogens of pandemic potential, it's typically the flu that comes to mind.

Influenza is really unparalleled in its ability to cause death and destruction among all microbes.

The paradigm is the 1918 1919 flu pandemic, which is estimated to have killed up to 50 million people around the world.

When you look at how bad a pathogen is, you asked two questions.

How easily does it spread and how deadly is it?