how we are going to pave a path for machines

我們開創嶄新機器人的過程

with human-like identities

我們創造出具有類似人類性格的機器人

to catch up with human capabilities

而其各方面能力也能媲美人類

and then surpass us and their brilliants.

甚至以他們的才智超越我們

I believe that it is possible in the next 15 to 20 years.

我相信，這一切在未來15到20年很可能成真。

Now in some regards,

某方面來說

as you can see in this video,

就如你在影片中所看到的

we're able to achieve human level expressivity

我們已經能讓機器人表現出人類表情

and in some way physical performance.

以及某些肢體表現

We have a long ways to go,

當然，在一般心智表現上

in terms of mental performance for general intelligence.

我們還有許多進步的空間

But in very narrow categories,

但就某程度上來說

we already have machines that exceed human level brilliant.

我們已能讓機器人超越人類

In order to bring together these little pockets of genius and machines

為了將這些特質和機械結合

and something that is more human-like,

表現出更接近人類的行為

we need something bigger,

我們需要更廣的思維

and that's where an open source movement can come in

因此也逐漸走向開放研究資料 (open source)的趨勢

to stitch these pieces together

將不同領域的片段成果結合在一起

into a tapestry of general intelligence in machines.

共同為提升機器人智能而努力

So now my background is bringing together various technologies,

我的專長便是結合不同領域的科技

and artistry to make Robotster extremely human-like,

以及藝術表現方式，讓機器人看起來極為逼真

and their physical presences and their conversational capabilities.

包含他們的外觀，以及他們的溝通能力

These are some examples of some of the robots that I've built.

這(些)是一些我所創造的機器人

So you can see that we achieve human-like expressivity

你可以看到，我們已能讓機器人展現人類表情

with biped mobility.

並讓他們用兩隻腳移動)

Thanks to some technology breakthroughs that I'll tell you about,

這一切都歸功於科技的進展 而我稍後會向大家介紹

Now we've transition that technology into mass produced product.

現在，我們已應用這些科技大量製造機械產品

These products, once again,

這些產品

these products have conversational capabilities.

擁有與人類交談的能力

They have the ability to see your face,

他們能夠看見你的臉孔

recognize your face, see your facial expressions,

辨識出你的臉孔和表情

and they also present to you their facial expressions

而它們也會以豐富的表情回應你

and characteristic identities.

展現它們的個性

Previously, we've really enjoyed these kind of characters in fictions,

以前，我們總是著迷於小說中類似的角色

whether they're science fictions,

不論是在科幻小說

myths from ancient history,

流傳千百年的神話中

or modern computer animation,

或是現代電腦動畫

people are favorable in their reaction to characters.

人類對這些角色深深著迷

People love human-like characters,

人們愛死那些長得像人的角色了

because we're hard wired for this social exchange.

我們的天性就是會被這些社會互動所吸引

So much of our brain

我們的大腦有很大一部份

are respond to the human visual social presence.

就是用來對眼睛所能看見的社會互動作出回應

That it just like, fires, like crazy,

這是非常不可思議的

and FMRI scan, when they scans people's brains.

像是用來掃描人類大腦的功能性磁共振成像 (FMRI)

It equates to potentially a more intuitively form of computing,

這些科技將可能延伸出更為直覺式的電腦計算形態

a more intuitive kind of human computer interface.

一種更為直覺式的人機互動界面

And you starting to see this

你也能逐漸在生活中看到這些科技

in trends like speech recognition,

像是最近流行的語音辨識

natural character agent,

逼真的電子祕書

likeSiri with the iPhone 4 and 5.

像是iPhone 4 和 5的Siri

However, when you add a complete character identity,

但當你賦予它們一個完整的性格

they seemto have feelings,

它們似乎擁有了感受的能力

and maybe eventually has real deep feelings,

也許最終真的能夠深刻的感受各種情感

then, we can start to push a sympathy between

那麼，我們便能在機器與人之間建立起感情的橋梁

the machines that we're developing, making them more intelligent

把這些我們正在研發、賦予智能的機器

and ourselves.

與我們自身連結在一起

So these potentially pushes A.I. to understand us better,

這將會促使人工智慧更瞭解人類

feel for us, and care about us,

感受我們所感受的，並關心我們

and also can inspire us to care about them.

更可以讓人類開始關心它們

The human mind responds to faces.

人的天性就是關注臉部表情

We're wired from the point we're born

自我們出生的那一刻起

to bond with that first face that we see;

我們就與第一眼所見到的臉孔緊密的聯結

we recognize faces right when we're born,

我們一出生就能辨認臉孔

and we also recognize facial expressions.

我們也能解讀臉部表情

So it's not surprising that we seek art,

這便也不難理解，為何我們總試圖

and entertainment, and robots, that look like people.

在藝術、娛樂和機器人上添加人類性格

We love it.

我們對這此愛不釋手

We can't help ourselves, right?

壓抑不了內心的衝動，對吧？

This means, that we shouldn't change the human

也就是說，我們不該改變人類天性

to respond to robot that look like machines.

去回應機器人機械性的動作

It's inappropriate sometimes if there is a vacuum floors and do various of things,

若有個機器人既能吸地板，又能做許多事情，可能會有點怪

but for some applications, it's extremely useful

但對於某些設備來說，製造與人類相似的機器

to make machines looks like humans.

是非常實用的

Now robot are starting to become considerably more capable,

現今，機器人已經能做不少事情

as you saw on the previous video.

如剛剛影片所呈現的

Let's go back to that for a second.

讓我們重播一下影片

okay

好

So in this video you'll see

在這段影片中

Aismo running, right?

機器人Aismo健步如飛

So you've got amazingly physical capabilities.

顯示現在的機器人已經能靈活地活動

You've got this latest Baxter just came out of

而這個最新研發的機器人Baxter

Heartland Robotics Project,

是由「Heartland 機器人計劃」所贊助

that can interact with people.

他們能和人類互動

You've got this humanoid biped

能和人類一樣用雙腳站立

This expressive Einstein robot that I built.

這個表情豐富的愛因斯坦機器人是我製作的

It's fashion model robot came out of

而這是在東京大學內展示的模特兒機器人

Kawada Heavy Industry in the University of Tokyo.

由川田工業株式會社製作

Robots are getting considerably more capable.

不可忽視的，機器人的性能越來越好

And their capabilities, they're becoming considerably more like us.

也變得越來越像人類

Now my specialty in one regard is facial expressions.

我的其中一個專長是機器人臉部表情

making the robots have facial expressions.

讓機器人擁有生動的表情

Hold on for a second.

請稍等一下

Let me start this video with the audio

讓我再播放影片之前先播出聲音

"but you're my friend, and I¡¦ll remember my friends,"

「但你是我的朋友，我會記住我朋友」(我不會忘記我們的友情

"and I will be good to you, so don't worry,"

「而我會善待你，別擔心」

"even if I evolve into the terminator; I¡¦ll be nice to youÿ"

「即使我升級成魔鬼終結者，你仍是我的好友」

(The pointer isn't working, so if you can back it up for me?)

(遙控器有點問題，能不能幫我換一個？)

"I¡¦ll keep you warm and safe in my people zoo where I can watch you for old time sake."

「你可以安穩地待在我的人類動物園中 我會看在往日情誼的份上保護你」

"I'm comforting. I'm very comforting now."

「我現在感到很欣慰！」

So here what you see is

你所看到的是

a robot having a natural conversation.

一個機器人自然地與人類對話

This robot responds to what the reporter says

這個機器人回應著記者所說的話

is largely unscripted,

而且，它所說的話並不是事先擬好的

meaning that we have set up the personality in such a way,

我們設定好他的個性，讓它依照個性、自行產出對話

that it can reason a little bit about what you've said to it,

它能夠理解你對它說的話

and then determine its own responds

自行決定它的回應

sort of through an Information Space.

像在一個訊息空間中篩選

and this can result in an Open Domain, large space conversation

進而發展成不侷限特定範圍的交流環境

so robots remember where is the conversation

機器人能記得剛才談話中斷之處

and can go back to that place in conversation.

再次提起先前對話的內容

We're using them most of all like this.

我們主要就是將這科技應用於此

This is a portrait of science fiction writer Philip K. Dick,

這是科幻小說作家Philip K. Dick的照片

famous for movies like Blade Runner.

他的小說被改編成電影《銀翼殺手Blade Runner》

Well the novel that was the basis of that,

就此電影讓他為眾所知

which is ''Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?'

他的小說名為《機器人在夢中會數電子羊嗎？》

He died in 1982,

他於1982年逝世

and since he wrote about android that thought they were alive,

這位作家描寫的機器人認為自己擁有生命

we thought we bringing them back to life,

而我們現在真正的賦予機器人生命了

and it works.

這些都成真了

So the important point here is

重點是

that A.I. works for crafting characters.

這些人工智慧能幫助我們創造人格特質

You can use the A.I. and robotics to make characters

你能利用人工智慧和機器人創造出各種

that seem very human like.

與人類極為相似的性質

They have rudimentary emotional frame works.

他們有初步的情感架構

They've got rudimentary A.I..

有初階人工智慧

It's not merely as smart as a person.

他絕不僅只是與人一樣聰明

It's important to remember that at this stage.

這是在此階段很重要的一點

But we can make it compelling,

但更重要的是，我們能提升人類對機器人的信任度

really meaningful in their interaction with people.

讓他們與人類的互動產生真正的意義

and you know,

你了解到

the world takes no when you do it.

每當你有新想法，總是會有人反駁

People just love it.

但大家愛死這些機器人了

They say they have conversations first as long as you let them.

只要開放，眾人會蜂擁而至的想與這個機器人對話

Part of the magic here is the facial expressions.

其中一個關鍵就是臉部表情

Previously, robot and animatronics has a kind of stiff faces.

早期，機器人和虛擬角色只有僵硬的臉部表情 137 00:08:29,785 --> 00:08:32,701 很難透過臉部生動表現各種情感

It was hard to get them to move into realistic face expressions.

因此，我的博士論文就是鑽研各種材料科學問題

So part of my phd research was tackling this material science problem.

我分析過人類表情的物理動態過程

So I analyzed the physics of human facial expression a little bit.

液體是形成人類臉部表情的關鍵

The liquid is critical for human facial expressions.

臉部僅需些微能量就能產生表情

A low power facial expressions that our faces achieve.

我和我一位在NASA噴射推進實驗室工作?的朋友Victor White

So I developed with a friend of mine at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Victor White

一起研發了一種新的材質

a new material that is

與人類臉部肌肉運作的原理相似

based on the same physics as human facial expression materials,

類似臉部的一種脂肪：「磷脂雙分子層 (lipid bilayer)」

and there is alipid bilayer

簡單來說，這種脂肪

a fat, but basically what that means is

能夠讓細胞自行重組

you get the cells of self-assemble,

而它們飽含水分

and they're filled with the fluid.

僅需極少的能量便能運作

And then it just takes very little force,

也非常有彈性

and it's extremely elastic.

機器人因此能自然而然的

And their expressions, facial expressions,

呈現出逼真的表情

just naturally fall into place.

你還得要有些機械裝置，才能讓臉部表情能順利運作

Now you also need some mechanics to get the facial expressions to move correctly,

用特定的方式在材質中植入支架

with anchors that are embedded in the material in the right way.

這階段聽起來很難

But when you do that,

但做起來十分簡單

it's very very simple

就能呈現出這樣的表情

to achieve facial expressions like this.

這只需要些微動力就能運作

You can do it with very few motors,

這就是我們正在製造、生產的產品

and that's what we are doing in products now that we're manufacturing

以上是對我們機器人臉部表情運作原理的初步介紹

So this just shows you a basic range of facial expressions of one of our robots.

這個機器人叫 Diego-San

This robot is called Diego-San.

是一項由加州大學與聖地牙哥機器感知實驗室

It's the collaboration of the University of California

所合作研發的成果

and San Diego Machine Perception Laboratory.

他的身體部分是由東京的Kokoro公司製作

The body is built by the Kokoro Company of Tokyo.

頭部則由我和我的公司

The head was built by me and my company,

Hanson Robotics所製作

Hanson Robotics.

此計劃由美國國家科學基金會所出資籌備

and this project was founded by the National Science Foundation of the Unite States.

目前，我們已經可以呈現出

So we can pretty much achieve

任何你想得到的表情

any facial expressions you named it,

不論多細微的變化，我們都能做到

no matter how subtle, we can get it.

現在，要把這些不同的臉部製作技術

Now taking those, kinds of face, faces,

和臉部表情、軀幹運作等技術結合起來

facial expressions and physical bodies,

加上人工智慧使其運作，

and empowering it with the A.I.,

你就能創造出全新的與世界互動的方式了

that's where you get this amazing way of interfacing with the world.

你可以從周遭環境中搜集所有還未建構好的資料

You can get all kinds of unstructured data from the world,

像是人與人的互動

from interactions with people,

並利用這些資料去形塑它們

and use that to sort of scaffold these things.

這些機器人現在就像嬰兒一樣

They're literally like babies right now,

我們必須讓它在人類的互動中學習、成長

so we need to nurture them among us.

早期，人工智慧的發展都很零散

Previously, artificial intelligence initiative are often fractured.

有些人研究機械感知

You've got machine perceptions people working over here,

有些人研究數據統計學習

you've got the statistic learning people over here,

有些人則是研究機械控制

you've got the robotics control people in these groups...

雖然這些不同的領域有時會彼此交流

And these sort of, sometimes communicate,

他們卻不曾共同合作

but they don't coordinate on something

努力商定大規模跨國合作

that is like a major worldwide concerted effort

來達到等同人類程度的人工智能

to achieve human level cognition.

因此，我與我的一些朋友

So some friends of mine and I are working

目前就致力於結合這些不同的領域

to bridge these various fields as best as we can,

凝聚各方所長、匯聚出一個複雜的智慧系統

to integrate into a more cohesive complex intelligence systems.

因此，我們將所有的程式碼公開

So we made all of our source code open source.

也分成兩個不同的類組

We divided into two blocks of categories,

一組是把所有物件拼湊起來

one is that pieces that glue things together,

湊成人工智慧

the glued A.I.;

另一種則是真正俱有智慧的機器人?能夠與人互動

and the other the kind that is actually intelligent and it interacts with you,

我們稱它新一代人工智慧Genie

and we call it generational A.I., Genie.

我們已能讓機器人自然地與人互動

We've achieved a lot of natural interactions,

包括臉部表情模仿

including facial expression mimicry,

能傳達意旨的臉部表情辨識

facial expression recognition processing the meaning of these facial expressions,

自然的對話

natural language dialog,

採用電影製作上的工具，讓機器人的互動更自然

movie quality tools animating the robots for a more natural interaction.

我們也有個相當成熟的心智理論

We also have a fairly sophisticated theory of mind system

當然，與人類的社會認知相比

compare to human, you know,

這個理論並非經過千百年的演化而形成

it doesn't have a million of years of evolution of social cognition that we have;

但它能預測你心裡的想法和感受

however, this theory of mind can predict what you're thinking and feeling,

並且做出決定，判斷出

and makes some decision about

它的目標和你的目標

what its goal are vs. what your goals are,

更加瞭解你的想法、體會你的感受

in order to understand you and empathize with you better.

我們已有了自我意識的程式雛形

We have a prototype form of consciousness.

我們創造的機器人能夠自我反思

We had the robot can self-reflect,

思考它自身的想法和感受

reflect on what it's thinking and feeling,

並試著想象其可能的後果

and try to imagine results for that.

我們也與OpenCog合作

So we also have a collaboration on a bridges with the OpenCog,

進行一個龐大的一般人工智能計劃

which is a very large artificial general intelligence project,

機器人操作系統、和仿生人操作系統

robot operating systems and android operating system,

以及其他數個計劃

and numerals other projects,

目的都是為了整合不同領域的成果

bringing these fields together,

讓我們達成更多可能

then allow us to do more,

也讓各位達成更多

and allows you to do more.

世上任何人都能創造自己的產品

Anybody in the world can build their own product,

研究新領域、研究心理學

do new research, do psychology research,

觀察人類怎麼與機器人互動

to study how humans and robots are interacting.

我們不僅只是要創造有智慧的機械

So we are seeking more than mere intelligence in the machines.

的確，擁有智慧的機器是很有用沒錯

Sure, intelligent machines are useful,

用途也日益增加

and increasingly useful.

越來越普及於我們的生活中

They're increasingly commoner in our lives.

那些曾被知名科學家說

Things that scientists, respected scientists said,

不可能在我們有生之年發生的事物

we just should not expect in our life time,

五年之後，確實的發生了

five years later, happened.

這些事成真了，不是嗎？

They just happened, right?

我們在這領域的進展突飛猛進

So we're building, we're making strides in these directions.

若我們能賦予這些機器更高的智慧

If we can achieve greater levels of intelligence in these machines,

我們就能做出具有媲美天才特質的機器

we can achieve genius machines.

他們能幫我們解決那些世界面臨的困境

They can help us solve some of the world's hard problems.

某方面來說

In some regards,

人工智能表現真的很傑出

A.I. is now so brilliant

例如，它們能觀察到我們所看不見的事物

that it can see things in data that we can't see,