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1
我是 柯林・安格爾
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我在23年前創辦了 iRobot 這家公司
My name is Colin Angle and
純粹是為了想讓機器人更實用
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1962年的時候 有一個美國卡通
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叫做「傑森一家」 裡面有個機器女傭蘿西
I founded my company 'iRobot' 23 years ago
當全世界認識蘿西之後
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許多人都很看好接下來的大趨勢
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但不幸的是 40多年過去了
with a single focus to make robots practical.
大趨勢卻沒發生
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那今天我想花幾分鐘跟各位聊聊的
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是接下來幾年 即將逐漸加速的智慧型機器人產業
In 1962, there was an American cartoon,
我們逐漸看到
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智慧型機器人的應用是越來越普遍
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而事實上 我們也從中發現許多新奇、有趣的商機
called The Jetsons with Rosie the robot.
這些機會從此改變了我們對世界的看法
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也改變對機器的看法
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最重要的頓悟是 機器人不是長這樣子
And when the world saw Rosie,
相反地 如果你想要藉此創業、讓機器人變成生活的一部分
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我們必須思考
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每天生活中最困擾的地方是什麼
we all knew what the next big thing was going to be.
然後你才能開始想
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要怎麼樣去創造這些
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高產值的智慧型機器
Unfortunately 40 years passed,
如果能這樣的話
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那我們就能開創一個事業
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不過如果我們做了一次有趣、很新奇的示範
and it didn't happen.
那也只是一次性的示範
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不能對社會產生太大的影響
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我相信所有成功的機器人商品
What I'd like to spend a few minutes with you today talking about,
背後有好幾千次的示範、實驗
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我們來看一個成功的案例
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這個案例先放掉對機器人的刻板印象
is the acceleration and coming of age of the robot industry.
才能創造出新的應用模式
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我們來看看吸塵機器人
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這個是 Roomba 是我們的機器人
We are starting to see around the world
這種吸塵機器人已賣掉一千多萬台了
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如果我說
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在全球的吸塵器市場 吸塵機器人的市佔率已高達15%
applications where robots are actually making a difference.
我想你們一定會覺得很驚訝
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事實上呢
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在某些國家
And we are actually seeing exciting new businesses
賣最好的吸塵器
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就是吸塵機器人
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以上就是一個
spring up and change how we think about the world and how
找到正確策略的好案例
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因為消費者的確不想自己吸地板
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也沒有時間吸地板
we think about machines.
那我們怎麼解決這問題?
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現在分享另一個例子
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告訴你智慧型機器人
The important realization was that robots do not look like this.
在特別危險的環境中 怎麼創造價值
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2002年的時候
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那年在阿富汗有個很棘手的案子
Instead, if you want to make a business, if you want robots in our world
美國派遣許多軍人到阿富汗
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當時的我們看到電視報導
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得知軍人得在腰上繫一條繩子
we need to think about what are the challenges
才會深入阿富汗的地穴
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如果這些軍人受傷、或被射時
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其他人會用那條繩子
that face people on a daily basis,
把傷兵拖出來
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這其實是很不可思議的事情
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為什麼不用技術解決這問題呢?
and to think about how
為什麼是真人進去探看 而不是機器呢?
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所以為此 我們另闢一個智慧型機器人專案
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派遣這些客製機器人到阿富汗的洞穴裡
we can create intelligent machines
我們透過這些機器人 發現了許多致命的武器
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洞穴內的自動化的武器、槍炮彈藥 還有炸彈
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都是機器人所拍到的
that can deliver more value then they cost to produce.
因此 我們的機器人創造了新的價值
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或許
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最容易讓大家一看就懂這個價值
If we can do that,
就是透過接下來的兩部影片
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這些都是在伊拉克的街道發生的
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我們現在看到的第一部影片 這裡有一台悍馬
we have created a great business.
(可以放大聲一點嗎)
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你可以看到 悍馬把炸彈推到街旁
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相形之下
If we make something that is an amazing and exciting demonstration,
這部影片
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也是一台智慧型機器人在做一樣的事
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(再調一下音量)
we have made an exciting demonstration that had
在橘色桶子旁的就是智慧型機器人
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.
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第一部影片有尖叫聲
very little impact on the world.
還好悍馬裡的司機沒有死
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但第二部影片 我們聽到的是笑聲 而且旁白是
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“太棒了!被我們拍到了!”
I believe that for every successful robot product
除了機器人被損毀之外 一切毫髮無損
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最重要的是 我們解決了困境
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智慧型機器人代替人類 深入非常危險的環境
there are many thousands of demonstration of robots.
它們改變了局面
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保護那些站在前線保家衛國的軍人們
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所以這個科技、這項想法
To give you an example of a success,
如同各位剛剛看到的那些機器人一樣
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是非常振奮人心!
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智慧型機器人可以當成人類的代表
where by abandoning traditional notions of what a robot should be
當我們的分身
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改變「本尊出席」的概念
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所以下一個即將被智慧型機器人
we have created something of real impact,
影響的市場是醫療保健市場
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我們可以看到全世界的醫療保健技術
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漸漸地越來越精湛
we can look at vacuuming robots.
治療方式也變得更多元化
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而這一切都需要
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有專業、廣博知識的醫療團隊
So this is the 'Roomba'.
並精專特定領域 才能確保
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病人能得到最準確的治療
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如何協助病患找到
This is my robot. We've sold over 10 million of these robots.
能醫治他們的專科醫生
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是個全新的挑戰
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所以智慧型機器人在此可提供另外一種用途
And I think people would find it surprising if I told you
它們除了拆除炸彈之外 還能遠端替病人做檢查
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於是 我身後的這台智慧型機器人
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已經部署在醫院內 像這類型的智慧型機器人
that 15 percent of all of the money spent in the world
已經有50個都在
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美國和墨西哥的醫院裡
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漸漸地 這些醫療機器人的數量會逐漸增加
on vacuuming cleaners today is now spent on robots.
它們的運作方式如下
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主要是由大城市裡的專科醫生
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派遣這些智慧型機器人到偏遠地區的醫院
And in fact,
現在這些偏鄉醫院就能協助診斷患者
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舉例來說 它們目前最普遍的用途是在腦中風患者身上
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患者直接去偏鄉醫院
in a few countries
專科醫生不一定要在醫院看門診
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而是讓醫療機器人
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診斷患者的病情 由機器人開出正確的藥方和治療方法
the number one selling vacuuming the entire country is now
協助病人穩定病情
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接著 病患可以繼續待在偏鄉醫院裡休養
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假設病患需要接受更特殊的治療
a robot.
也可以安全地被轉至大醫院
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自從這些偏鄉醫院採用了醫療機器人
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很多患者的狀況明顯地改善
This is an example of what can happen
而我們應該期待對於智慧型機器人在醫學上
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扮演更重要的角色
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因為這個方法可以完全地影響
when you actually get it right.
全世界的醫生們
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使其被安置在更需要的醫療環境內
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現在來看一個居家環境的例子吧
You actually say, well, people don't want to vacuum,
如果只是想在某個地方出現的話
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一定要出遠門嗎?
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現在有個新的概念
people don't have time to vacuum.
假設我今天的演講
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是用一個機器人分身來演說
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然後明天我也可以用同樣的方式
So how do we solve that?
在世界的另一端演講
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機器人的多種用途 可協助縮短世界的距離
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不只是用在醫學 而是用在每一個人的身上
Another example
這是一個振奮人心的想法
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所以 我們已經創造一個機器代理人
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它已經幫我出席過多次演講
of where robots are creating value
機器代理人真的很炫 它可以站著
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可以演說 可以在會後回答問題
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當演講時間結束時 代理人可以直接離開演講廳
is in very dangerous situations.
然後跟大家見面 回答他們的問題
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然後表現就像是我本人在場一樣
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而這樣的結果是 讓世界的距離變得更小
In 2002,
並且讓我們與人的溝通變得更親近
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現階段的智慧型機器人產業是不斷地在改變
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這個產業也正在改變其他產業
we… there was a great challenge in Afghanistan. The United States
包誇機器人產業本身
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這樣的連動效應真的很棒
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1991年我創立了iRobot
sent soldiers to Afghanistan.
那時 如果機器人要透過無線網路連上另一個裝置時
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那我必須幫它建立無線電設備
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也得建立人工智慧
And we were watching television and they told us how
還有 也一定要一套視覺系統
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導航系統、機械操作系統
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甚至是觸控界面、語音辨識系統等等
the soldiers would have ropes
而事實上 過去我能跟其他產業結合的技術
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單單就只有電池及馬達而已
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但現在已經不同了
tied around their waists to go into the caves in Afghanistan.
電玩遊戲產業以及手機產業
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雙雙解決許多智慧型機器人產業的問題
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我現在可以用 Siri 或是 Dragon Naturally
So if they were hurt or shot,
做我演說時的語言辨認 我還可以用無線通訊系統
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以及X-Box的體感辨識系統
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這些高科技技術都已經存在
you could drag the solider out
我只需要好好專心在機器人產業 研發導航、感知能力
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以及操作機制
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我想再提供一個範例
using that rope.
讓大家了解 目前最尖端的科技是什麼
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為了開發醫療機器人
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我們必須讓機器人熟悉醫院的佈局
And we said that was a crazy, crazy thing.
因為醫生並不會親自去操作這些醫療機器人
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醫生有更重要的事要做
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而事實上
Why has not technology solved this problem?
醫生也有可能沒去過那家偏鄉醫院
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他其實只要下個命令
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「我想要看602號房的病人」
Why are people doing that instead of a robot?
然後智慧型機器人就應該會自行前往病房看診
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這代表了機器人必須要有認路的能力
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於是我們也開發了這種機器人
So, we had a project to make a robot,
我們先引導它在大樓裡走動
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讓機器人自行作出地圖
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它會依照大樓內的樓層 記錄每一層樓的佈局
we sent it over to Afghanistan,
然後它就清楚602號房的位置了
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我們同時也希望智慧型機器人能理解
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並辨識房間裡的物品
we sent it into caves. We found some very, very scary things.
我們必須作出一項技術
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這技術可以讓機器人回應
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「噢,我知道這是什麼」
This is all automatic weapon, ammunition, and explosives
於是我們研發了一個叫做ViPR的技術
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能夠使機器人辨識物品
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這種辨識技術
founded in a cave by the robot.
無論光線
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或是物品放置的方向
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都能很精準地辨識其他相同的物品
And we made a difference.
我們能作出這種技術
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因為採用了非常小的微處理器
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你可以看到這邊有隻手機
Perhaps,
這個系統可以讓機器人辨識
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分辨出紙鈔、不同的物品
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前提是 同一個物品沒有多種款項
the most easy to understand and graphical way of the difference
這很酷吧
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那物品分類呢?
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當你走進這間演講廳
I will demonstrate with two short videos.
你或許從來沒看過面前這張椅子
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我是說是跟這款一模一樣的
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但你還是知道它是一張椅子
Both happened in the streets of Iraq.
而且你會拿來坐
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所以機器人也必須要有一樣的能力
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去分辨出物品的分類
The first demonstrated here where you have a humvee,
這樣它們才能清掃物品的底部
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或是判斷它在什麼房間
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才會對自己的定位有意識
(can we have the sound up?)
現在看到的是剛剛說明的實驗
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叫做iSpot
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影片上看到的就是一個智慧型機器人
Um, you can see pushing a bomb off the street.
穿梭在大樓內 裡面充滿各種不同款式的
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廚具與廚房空間
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機器人能及時辨識
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在廚房內不同的設備
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以及設備的種類
Now, contrast that video,
所以假設你是一個機器人 你要作類似的連結
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你就必須要查看所有不同的器具
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以及房間裡所有的固定裝置
with this video,
這樣你才能像人類 用眼睛分辨
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這間房間是廚房、餐廳、或是客廳
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所以當我們的科技不斷在進步
of a robot doing the same sort of thing.
使機器人有更多能力
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在瞭解環境
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甚至是可以撿起或舉起東西
(again the volume there)
搬移物品
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這當中我們會創造更多、更有趣的產業
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這是一件非常好的事情
So you can see by that orange can is the robot,
因為在1962年
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我們看到卡通裡的機器女傭蘿西時
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我們問 什麼時候才會有智慧型機器人呢?
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然後50年過去了
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現在我們終於開始嘗試
So, in the first video you heard screams
把應用程式或是智慧型機器人
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融入在我們生活中
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但如果你去比較
the driver of that vehicle was not killed
目前現有的智慧型機器人總數
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再去比對目前智慧型機器人的需求
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欠缺的數字是反映這產業的商機
um survived. But here we have laughter and guys think
也象徵未來還需要多少智慧型機器人
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我相信你會同意
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以下我要說的:
'Dude, Dude! I caught that on video!'
我們還未開始啓動
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數十年之後能實現的未來
00:05:48,786 --> 00:05:53,894
謝謝大家
So the robot was in fact destroyed but other than that
.
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字幕:胡致莉
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we had resolved the situation.
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So again, robots for going into very scary and
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dangerous situations enable to change the equation
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and protect the lives of people trying to protect us.
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So this technology, this idea
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that was represented by those robots that you just saw
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00:06:20,716 --> 00:06:25,423
is the beginning of a very exciting idea.
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We can create robots that can act as surrogates
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for our physical self
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and change the meaning of what being someplace means.
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So the next industry which is
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going to be changed by robots is health care.
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We're seeing the world where the sophistication
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of health care is increasing every single day.
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Treatments are more and more sophisticated.
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But it requires doctors
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with an increasingly sophisticated understanding
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of a narrow area of medicine to make sure that
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the patient gets the right treatment.
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This is causing a new challenge
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in medicine, trying to match up
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the specialist with the patient that needs his or her expertise.
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So what a great opportunity to create a robot, not to defuse
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bombs, but to diagnose patients at a distance.
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So this robot that you see
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behind me, is deployed. There's about 50 of these robots
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in action today in many different hospitals and
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the United States and Mexico
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and growing into an increasing number of hospitals.
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And the way they work
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is a big city hospital which has these specialists
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actually sends the robots to rural hospitals.
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Now that rural hospital can
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see a patient. Say right now, the most common uses is for stroke.
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A patient goes to that small hospital.
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Instead of the doctor walking in to see the patient,
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a robot drives in,
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performs the diagnosis. The right drug, or the right treatment
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is applied to help that patient be stable.
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And then if the patient can stay in that rural hospital,
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he or she does. If he needs additional treatment,
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he can now be safely moved to the larger hospital.
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We have seen dramatic increases in the outcomes
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of patients in these rural hospitals using this robot technology.
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And we should expect to see robots play a larger role
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in providing health care,
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because it will allow us to leverage fully
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the education of the doctors
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around the world to be put to use in the best possible way.
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How about something a little closer to home?
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Why do we all have to travel
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if we want to go somewhere?
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This is a new idea where
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I could be giving this talk to you today
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as a robot
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and able to do a different talk
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on the other side of the world tomorrow
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using a robot. This idea of making the world smaller
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not just for doctors, but for anyone,
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is a very exciting idea.
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So we've created a robot. And I have given
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a number of talks using this robot.
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And it's very exciting. I can stand up,
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I can give my talk, I can go answer questions afterwards.
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When my time is up, I can drive out of this hall
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and meet other people and answer their questions
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and behave exactly like I would if I was here in person.
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And as a result, I make the world a little smaller,
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and I increase our ability to communicate with each other.
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So the robot industry is changing.
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The robot industry is changing other industries
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but it's also being changed itself,
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which is very exciting.
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In 1991 I founded iRobot
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if I wanted my robot to be wirelessly connected
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to something else, I had to build to radio,
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I had to build the artificial intelligence.
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Not surprisingly, I had to build the vision system,
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the navigation system, the manipulators,
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the touch screen interfaces, the voice recognition. In fact,
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the only thing I could depend on and borrow from other industries
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were batteries and motors.
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Today, that is no longer the case.
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The video game industry and the mobile industry
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have solved many, many challenging robot problems.
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I can use Siri or Dragon Naturally Dictate
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for my speech recognition. I can use wireless communication.
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I can use gesture recognition from my kinetic X-Box.
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All of these technologies I can assume exist,
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and focus the robot industry on navigation, perception
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and manipulation.
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So, I'd like to give you a little example of
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what the state of the art looks like.
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In order to make that medical robot work,
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the robot has to understand the hospital,
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because the doctor isn't going to drive the robot to the patient
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he has other things to do.
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And in fact,
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he may never have been to the hospital before.
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He would like to say,
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"I want to see patient in room 602"
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and the robot should get there all by itself.
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so that means that robots have to able to map automatically.
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So we've created a robot that does just that.
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We drive the robot around the building.
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The robot creates a map.
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It is registered against a floor plan of the building.
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And the robot knows where the room 602 is.
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We want the robot to understand and
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recognize objects in the room.
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So we needed to create a technology
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that would allow the robot to say,
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"I know what that is".
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So we created a system called ViPR,
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which recognized exact objects
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and copy the exact copies of those objects
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regardless of the lighting,
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regardless of the orientation of that object,
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and do that reliably.
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And we do that, and we are able do that
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in a very very tiny microprocessor.
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So here we have a cell-phone.
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So this system will allow a robot to recognize
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dollar bills, different objects, as long as they are
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exactly like other versions of it.
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So that's cool.
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But what about generic classes of objects?
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When you walked into this auditorium,
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you may have never seen a chair that looks
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exactly like the one you're sitting in.
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And yet, you recognized that's a chair,
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and you used it to sit down. Well,
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a robot should be able to have that same understanding
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of categories of objects
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so that it can clean under them.
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It can recognize what type of the room it's in,
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and have a better awareness of where it is.
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So this is a demonstration of a technology
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called iSpot that does exactly that.
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So what you'll see here is a robot driving through
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a building which has a number of different types of
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kitchens and different appliances,
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and dynamically in real-time, recognizing
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the category of the appliance in
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that kitchen area automatically.
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So if you are a robot and you are doing that mapping
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you could also be looking at all the different appliances
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and fixtures in that room and be able to tell,
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just like your eye could tell,
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whether that room is a kitchen or the den or the living room.
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so as we get better and better
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at making our robots more capable
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of understanding their environment and
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ultimately able to pick up and lift
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and move objects,
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we create more and more exciting industries.
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And that's very good.
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Because 1962,
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we saw Rosie the robot and we said
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"when are we going to have robots in our lives?"
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And 50 years have passed.
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And now we're starting
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to see some application and some robots that actually
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we can afford and bring into our lives.
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But if you can compare the number
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of robots that are out there today,
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and match that up against the need,
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match that against the opportunity,
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that robots will play in the future,
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I believe you will agree with me
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when I say:
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"we are just about none of the way
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in accomplishing what we will accomplish over the next decades."
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Thank you very much.
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Subtitled by Samantha Hu