It’s really great pleasure for me to come back

很高興重回舊地：回想近二十年前

because I’ve been here almost 20 years ago.

我正好出席了神戶舉辦的 TED 活動

TED 4 KOBE.

TED 4 KOBE

How many of you guys were in Kobe?

多少人當年出席了神戶那場聚會？

Plentiful. Great!

不少。真好！

It’s a great place to share ideas,

TED 是個分享觀點的好平台

learn so many stuff, but also connecting people.

學習新知之餘，還能認識朋友

In this event 1993, I met Nicholas Negroponte.

就在 1993 年那場聚會，我遇上尼古拉斯·尼葛洛龐帝 （MIT 媒體實驗室創辦人）

I often call him Nikochan Daio.

我經常稱他為尼克珍大王 （動畫 I.Q.博士中的卡通人物）

The next year, he headhunted me in Atlanta,

翌年，他在亞特蘭大（Atlanta）招攬了我

then I moved to MIT.

我隨即轉任麻省理工學院（MIT）

Today, I’d like to share some reflection about 3.11.

今日我想分享一下 3.11 大地震的感想

Kondo-san gave great perspectives

剛才近藤正晃先生以社交媒體角度

from social media point of views.

分享了不少真知灼見；我也思索過

Also I thought a lot what really happened.

災難之時，究竟發生了甚麼？

What could be learned?

大家從中可以汲取甚麼教訓？

What could be shared to the next generations?

有甚麼得著可以傳授下一代？

March 11th, 14:46,

三月十一日，下午二時四十六分

the series of earthquakes hit,

連串地震沓至

then some sequence of Tsunamis,

海嘯緊隨

then resulting a nuclear crisis, as many of you know.

之後眾所周知，發生了核危機

How to respond to these crises is really important question.

怎樣應對這些危機就成了重要議題

And as all you saw, so many new hash tags,

正如大家所見，網路上頃時出現了 許多新的 Hashtags（#標籤）

so many people’s good will,

許多有心人

good mind tried to help each other.

希望伸出援助之手

But this, all the timeline is so rapid a stream.

不過，時間軸上的訊息快如流水

Nobody can really manage or catch up.

稍縱即逝，根本令人追趕不及

So how to make these information manageable?

故此，怎樣才能好好整理這些資訊？

How to organize information?

怎樣才能將資訊組織起來

How to decrease entropy? Usable?

減少資訊熵（Entropy） 令資訊有效率、有用？

It’s really a challenge from information technology point of view.

以資訊科技角度而言真是一大挑戰

So, for me, connecting people and people, beloved ones who are missed,

然而，於我而言卻是連繫不同的人

connecting people information,

失蹤的摯親；連繫人的資訊

"I know somebody brings water.

「我知道有人運了食水過來

Where can I get the water?

可以到哪裏拿？

Where should I be there?"

該在何處集合？」

"I need medicines.

「我急需藥物

I’m here.

我在這裏。

Who can deliver it?"

有誰送來給我嗎？」

"I have a truck but I don’t have gasoline."

「我的貨車缺汽油」

"I have gasoline but I don’t have permission."

「我有汽油但欠車匙」

"I don’t know which road I can go."

「我不知道哪條路仍能通行」

All these information have to be connected together.

所有這些資訊都必須連繫在一起

So that connecting people, information and resources seems to be one of important challenges.

因此將人、資訊和資源連繫起來 就成了最重大的挑戰之一

I’d like to shed a light for crisis mapping.

我想就危機地圖 （Crisis mapping）略談己見

Mapping is important.

地圖對應相當重要

If information is geotagged,

若資訊附帶地理位置標籤（geotagged）

you can really anchor all information to the geographical information system.

資訊就能全都集中在地理資訊系統 （geographical information system）上

That dramatically decreases the entropy.

大大減少資訊熵（entropy）

Crisis mapping and also crowdsourcing and, in large, collective intelligence

危機地圖（Crisis mapping）、群眾外包（Crowdsourcing） 這些雲集眾人睿智的方式

that's ground vision of my hero Doug Engelbart came out many many years ago.

是很多年前由我心目中的英雄 道格拉斯·恩格爾巴特（Doug Engelbart）提倡的宏志

So I’d like to show quickly some of the examples.

所以我想舉一些例子聊作說明

The great news is I’m here.

好消息是：我有幸站在台上

Bad news is I have only ten minutes.

壞消息是：我只得十分鐘

So, Ushahidi is one of the great infrastructures of open source crisis mapping.

事不宜遲；Ushahidi 是開放源碼危機對應 （open source crisis mapping）的中流砥柱之一

It not only demonstrated the power in the Sumatra Tsunami,

它不僅在 2010 年蘇門答臘地震引發的海嘯 （Sumatra Tsunami）中大大發揮作用

but the Haiti earthquake.

也在海地地震（Haiti earthquake）中發揮影響

Then people worked together hard.

人們由此攜手合作，應對眼前災難

So, on the next day, all the sinsai.info,

3.11 發生翌日，所有 sinsai.info 等 （「東日本大震災」支援網）

using the same infrastructure Ushahidi,

以 Ushahidi 平台為基礎的網站

started collecting all the information automatically or manually.

就開始自動或手動蒐集所有資訊

This is a great accomplishment.

成效顯著

Speed is the key.

速度是關鍵

Also Google did a remarkable job.

Google 表現也不錯

They have a crisis response team

他們設有自己一支危機應對團隊 （crisis response team）

and for me, most impressive part is,

而對我而言，最能安撫心靈的

people need information about where my loved one is.

莫過於得悉自己摯親的下落

But all the network, telephone is dead.

但當時所有網路、電話已癱瘓

So, the last thing they did is using hand-written list of the roster,

別無他法，他們唯有手寫一份

of the people who safely evacuated into shelters.

已安全抵達避難所的災民清單

But there’s no way to really share this information.

但他們沒有方法將這份名單傳開

Everybody have to visit all the shelters to see if my loved one, family is there.

每個人都要親身探訪所有避難所 看看能否找到自己的摯愛或親人

So, Google encourage people grab your cellular phones,

因此，Google 鼓勵未受災的人

charge up your batteries,

拿起手提電話，將電池充好電

then go to these shelters from the area who have not really suffered.

從通訊未受影響地區前往各避難所

They shoot photos, upload to Picasa, then share it.

拍照、上載到 Picasa，並分享開去

Then next, crowdsourcing.

接著就是群策群力的群眾外包（Crowdsourcing）

You guys, stop watching TV.

你們，別顧著看電視了

Please donate your time, cognitive surplus.

請貢獻出一點時間、一點腦力

Why don’t you help us to transcribe Japanese language if you know Japanese language?

若你懂日語，何不為我們 將日語的手寫文稿或錄音

Then turn into the text.

輸入成電腦文字

Code EUC, EBCDIC or Shift-JIS, whatever

不管是 EUC、EBCDIC 或 Shift-JIS 的文字編碼也行

which machine can search for you.

好讓機器能夠搜索

So now, all information went to this Person Finder.

好了，所有資訊都集中到這個 「尋人器」（Person Finder）上

This stream of the information many people worked together

集眾人之力的這份資訊流

is so important.

何其重要

Radiations.

核輻射水平

Now, many people are having Geiger counters,

現在很多人都手執一部蓋革計數器 （Geiger counter）

then measuring, then uploading and sharing.

測量核輻射水平，然後上載、分享

This is a data from Fukushima Prefecture.

這是福島縣的數據

Pachube is another great open source platform of all the sensor data.

Pachube 是針對各種測量數據的 另一個開放平台

But I think this is the first time

但我想那卻是頭一遭

they used to aggregate all the data from Geiger counters about the radiation.

將所有輻射測試儀的數據 匯集起來以測量核輻射

Now, you can see in Fukushima area near nuclear power plant is deadly blood.

圖中所見，福島及鄰近核電站區域 輻射水平相當驚人

But Tokyo is OK.

但東京的輻射水平仍能接受

But many people do not see this difference,

但許多人不知就裏

don’t understand how wind or water may work.

不明白風勢和水流怎能影響核擴散

So, they just panicked.

所以，就驚惶失措了

Then asked all the people to evacuate from Japan.

然後呼籲所有人逃離日本

So, we lost many people.

因此，相當多人流失了

So, scientific communication, crowdsourcing, sharing are so important.

所以，科學溝通（scientific communication）、 群眾外包（crowdsourcing）和分享（sharing）相當重要

This is another variation of 3D view mapped with Google Earth.

這是另一個版本 以 Google Earth 立體投影

Infrastructures like maps are so important.

像地圖等的基礎相當重要；同樣重要的

Also crowdsourcing, connecting, making information manageable.

也是群眾外包、資訊連繫、有效管理

So, connecting people and information, resources.

所以，連繫人、資訊和資源當中

So many lessons we can learn.

還有相當多值得學習的地方

This is only a tiny portion.

以上只是冰山一角

I learned so much in the past 3 months.

過去三個月，我學了很多

I collected so much data to Evernote.

我將許多數據蒐集到 Evernote

How many of you are using Evernote? It’s great.

在座多少人在用 Evernote？相當好用

But I have to ask Evernote guy, "Oh, I used up 1 GB.

但我要跟他們說： 「噢，我用完 1GB 配額了

Can you give me more? Because it's so important."

可否給我加大容量呢？ 手上的工作相當重要」

So, don’t miss this opportunity of lessons.

所以，請勿錯失學習的機會

So many things you can learn, digest later.

可以學習、慢慢消化的事何其多

But important thing is got to be open in the meaning of radical openness claims.

但重要的是，你必須開放思想 明白積極開放的重要性

If it's not open it's dead,

不開放的話，一切工夫難以為繼

all your supply chain in your company is corporate secret.

公司裏供應鏈的情況是商業機密

But in a crisis of supply chain,

但災難當前，若所有公司

because if all the companies try to keep key materials, everything stuck.

都只顧著機密資料，只會停滯不前

Unless you make open, you cannot restructure, repair,

若不開放資料、開放參與 你也不能重整、重塑

the new kind of global supply chain, for example.

比如群眾外包

Crowdsourcing.

就是一種全新的全球供應鏈

Human is the most powerful entities.

人是萬物之靈

It’s not necessarily computationally readable, machine readable.

不一定為機器所能讀懂、所能計算

Human readable. Photo is great.

人類所能讀懂的，照片是最棒的

Photo is great.

照片最棒

Photo sharing is great.

分享照片最棒

But then, we need to translate for the machine.

不過，我們需要為機器作傳譯

Dumb machine can still search.

讓愚蠢的機器都能搜尋

Crowdsourcing, mashup and curation are so important.

群眾外包（Crowdsourcing）、資訊混搭（Mashup）及 數位管理（Curation）相當重要

So many volunteers started to connect similar information.

很多志願者開始連繫類似的資訊

But then, you have to really aggregate.

然而，資訊卻需要好好聚合（aggregate）

Also beautifully lay out.

並整齊地顯示出來

How many of you are using Flipboard on the iPad?

有多少人在用 iPad 上的 Flipboard？

So, you know what I mean.

用過的就會明白我的意思

So many sources of information but you need consistent experiences,

資訊來源眾多，卻需要統一的排版

seamless experiences to digest all this information.

無縫的介面，方便消化一切資訊

Also filtering, prioritization.

並作出篩選、優先排序

So, curation is the key.

因此，數位管理（Curation）是要訣

Then, market of supply and demand.

之後是：供應和需求市場

Somebody displays needs of medicines.

有人需要藥物

Somebody has a truck. Somebody has gasoline.

有人有貨車；有人有汽油

How to connect those people is so important.

怎樣將這些人聯繫在一起，相當重要

Amazon used Wish List for the gift to help those kinds of entity.

Amazon 上有願望清單（Wish List） 幫助為有需要的別人送禮物

They have infrastructure.

這樣的網路平台已經有了。

But also they need volunteers like us or you guys.

然而也需要志願者，像是你或我

So many Twitter volunteers appeared in the Twittersphere.

Twittersphere 圈子上聚集了很多 Twitter 志願者

So, there is a certain sign of hope towards the reconstruction.

如此，重建就展露了希望

So, the keyword came from the bamboo talk of Garr Reynolds is "resilient."

賈爾·雷諾茲（Garr Reynolds）一場談竹的演說中 一語道破：「百折不撓」

How to make the world resilient to another series of crises?

如何讓世界面對另一場危機時 仍能「百折不撓」，重現生機？

They don’t stop.

災難不斷

They keep coming.

只會接踵而來

Energy, financial, natural disaster, environmental crises.

無論是能源、金融、天災或生態危機

So, it’s nice to make the world fun, happy, wealthy,

因此世界和平、富足、繁榮固然好

but most importantly, how to make the world resilient,

但最重要的是，如何賦予世界 堅韌的「回復力」（resilience）

how to quickly make world recover from the next series of disasters seem important goals.

怎樣讓世界迅速從下一場 災難中復原，似乎是當務之急

In that context, the role of connecting chains is much more bigger.

如是說，連繫鏈的角色更顯重要

That’s great.

不錯吧

But time is running out. Oh my gosh!

但演講時間就快到了。天啊！

(Laughter)

（眾笑）

One of my most favorite poets, Kenji Miyazawa,

我最喜歡的詩人之一，宮澤賢治

came from Tohoku area, Iwate Prefecture

來自岩手縣的東北地區

where I travel a lot using night trains.

我經常搭夜間列車遊覽當地

And I read his poems so many times.

而我讀過他的詩不知多少次

I follow lot of the people, but most favorite people are deceased poets, the bots.

我追隨不少人 但最愛的還是逝世的詩人

Because their tweets are so condensed and so stimulating like Kenji Miyazawa's

因為不像是 Twitter 上的 Tweets 像宮澤賢治的詩人，文字何其精煉、深刻

(Japanese): Fetch me the rainlike snow.

（日語）似雨的雪花，給我取來一點好嗎？

(Japanese): Thank you, my brave little sister.

（日語）多謝妳，我勇敢的妹妹

Every word strikes me, makes me think.

每隻字都觸動我的心靈、令我沉思

Why I received this message?

這是一個怎樣的訊息？

There must be some meaning.

定有想傳達的意思吧

So there’s no random stuff.

所以世上並無偶然

Everything has reason, necessity.

凡事必有其因，也必須有其因

So I have to decode the meaning.

因此我需要參透其義

That is my training of the creativity.

這就是我創造力的訓練

But problem is, this is all 12 pt. font beautiful stuff.

但問題是，這全是十二點字元的漂亮文字

But real poems I saw in Hanamaki, his museum, are amazing.

但我在花卷市宮澤賢治紀念館中 見到他寫的詩的筆跡，相當令人驚嘆

Hand-written manuscripts

手寫的繕本

which capture all the traces of his body, spirit, struggles.

捕捉了身、心靈、掙扎的痕跡

Write and rewrite and rewrite.

經過反複書寫、修改

Yellow papers and spread ink.

黃色的草紙、揮灑的墨跡

He couldn’t really come up the way to express his grief

宮澤賢治並不能充份表達內心

of losing beloved, his young sister Toshiko.

對痛失親妹 Toshiko（登誌）的悲慟

But then, his poem went to not a personal grief,

然而，他的詩已超越個人的悲慟

but the level of religious level.

邁向精神上尚高的境界

It’s amazing.

讓人驚嘆

But seeing these processes, is such a pleasure for me.

窺看作家創作的心路歷程 實在賞心悅目

But before seeing this one,

然而賞析真跡之前

I only knew the beautifully printed book.

我只看過精美印刷的發行本

Book is great, font is great for mass production

印刷不俗、字體不俗，都便利發行

and standardization, also Internet,

樣式統一，以及網路傳播

but something missing is this:

但缺失的一角是：

traces of physical presence or struggle of the spirit.

身體、心靈掙扎的痕跡

Sometimes it’s so important for the art.

對藝術而言何其重要

So, I want to see artists stand up and complain.

因此，我實希望藝術家站起來斥訴

Why do you remove all the most important stuff?

幹嘛將如此重要的一切都抹殺掉？

Why you only put the clean final stuff?

幹嘛最後總是要乾淨俐落？

Also the consumers like me should really stand up.

吾等消費者也實應群起和議

So, these traces stimulate imagination, then art is completed.

這樣，有了這些痕跡來刺激想像力 藝術才告完整

With your imagination, art piece complemented.

有了你的想像力，藝術作品得以圓滿

So, Haiku, Tanka is much more powerful than the perfect HDTV movie.

所以，日本文學的俳句、短歌 威力比完美的高清電影還要大

That’s my point.

這就是我想傳達的訊息

So, I want to show one piece I did for my most loved woman,

接下來，我想為大家呈現一份拙作

my mom.

獻給我一生最愛的女人──我的母親

(Classical music)

（古典音樂）

So, this is a piece called musicBottles.

作品名為 musicBottles（音樂小瓶）

I want to show how it can extend the affordance

我想展示簡單如瓶蓋開合聲

of the simple bottle opening and closing to the digital domain.

怎能延伸至數碼應用層面

Now, you can put anything you imagine, speech or poems.

你可以天馬行空，自由想像 賦予其中任何詩辭、對白

So, it’s nice music.

因此，這是首好音樂

Also oriental glass blowing studio to make the perfect glass.

也用上精製的上等玻璃製成

But the beauty is one of a kind.

然而當中的美獨一無二

Once it drops, it’s broken.

一摔即碎

You can’t reboot. It’s not a game.

不像電子遊戲般能重新再來

It’s a real stuff.

卻如此真實

This brings esthetic pleasure, emotional pleasure.

帶來美感、情感上的喜悅

That’s so critical.

是如此重要

But the reason I did this project is not for the music.

但我真正創作的原因不是為了音樂

This is for my mom.

而是為了我的母親

I had a dream to gift to my mom which has a weather forecast of Sapporo City, our hometown.

我夢想獻給母親一份禮物 能預報我們的故鄉──札幌市的天氣

So, when she wakes up, she opens up the bottles.

當她一覺醒來，打開瓶蓋

(Chirps of birds) So, today’s a fine day.

（鳥鳴聲）今天天朗氣清

She cooked for me and my young sister thousands times opening soy sauce bottles.

她為我和妹妹煮飯 開過醬油瓶蓋無數次

Opening soy sauce bottles, a fragrance comes.

瓶蓋甫開，一陣清香撲鼻

That is what she understand, beautiful art.

這就是她所了解的藝術之美

Why we have to ask old people to learn cellular phone or computers,

幹嘛要年長的人 學會用手提電話或電腦

forcing them to learn Emacs-ESC-sequence-like stupid artificial language?

迫他們學甚麼 Emacs ESC-命令序列等 莫明其妙的人工語言

Which is nothing to do with her.

與她毫不相干

She never uses any machines, cellular phones,

母親從不使用甚麼機器、手提電話

but she has a beautiful world and she took care of me.

卻有個美麗的世界、養育了我

She passed away 1998.

1998 年，母親與世長辭

But so many things about what I learned from her.

然而，我從她身上卻學會甚多

So, future is very important.

所以，未來相當重要

So, I’m so happy to be with you guys.

此刻，有幸與諸位同伴，我很開心

But in 2050, I’m gone somewhere else.

但到了 2050 年，我終須遠走他方

My students say, [unclear].

我的學生說：老師，也說不定

But wonderful news is, altogether 2100 nobody can survive.

可幸到了 2100 年，他們也要同遊了

(Laughter) (Applause)

（眾笑）（掌聲）