Looking for ways to do less and get more done sounds a bit counterintuitive, but it actually makes a lot of sense.

尋找事半功倍的方法聽起來有違常理，但卻很有道理。

And the following tips can definitely help you.

以下的方法絕對能夠幫助你。

Suppose you've got a really important presentation to do.

假設你要做一份很重要的報告。

It's the kind of task productivity expert professor Cal Newport says needs "deep work."

這需要任務生產力專家 Cal Newport 教授所說的「深度工作力」。

Deep work is your concentration sweet spot, where you can achieve most.

深度工作是你保持專注的最佳狀態，會使你完成最多任務。

[Shut out the shallow.]

[阻擋淺層事物]

Smaller tasks like answering emails are "shallow work."

不重要的簡單任務，例如回復郵件稱為「淺層工作」。

Try to be more conscious of what your shallow tasks are, and give yourself permission to block them out for a while so you can focus on the important tasks that require "deep work."

試著多注意哪些任務是淺層工作，並允許自己暫時不要想那些任務，這樣你才可以專注在需要「深度工作力」的重要任務上。

Lots of successful people have cut out the shallow to work more productively.

許多成功的人刪去淺層工作，如此一來才更有效率。

Bill Gates went to a remote cottage.

比爾蓋茲搬去偏遠的小屋。

Others, like Maya Angelou, shut themselves away to write.

其他人如女作家 Maya Angelou，為了寫作而將自己隔離。

[Call it a day.]

[到此為止]

For good productivity, be strict about when your working day is over, and when you get to the end of your planned work session, ease yourself into a more relaxed state and try Cal Newport's shutdown ritual.

為了有好的生產力，你需要嚴格要求工作結束的時間，當規劃的工作區段結束時，讓自己進入放鬆的狀態，並試試看 Cal Newport 說的「關機儀式」。

Look through your unfinished work.

檢視你未完成的工作。

Write a short plan of how you'll tackle it tomorrow.

寫下簡短的計畫表，規劃明天要如何處理工作。

Then close that textbook or laptop and say something out loud like, "shutdown complete!"

接著，闔上課本或關掉電腦，大喊出例如「關閉完成」的句子！

It might sound silly, but it signals the end of your working thoughts for the day.

聽起來或許很蠢，但這表示工作一整天的結束。

After that?

在那之後呢？

Have some fun.

找些樂子吧！

Give your mind the rest it's earned.

給大腦應得的休息。

[Find your top level goal.]

[找出你的最終目標]

Businessman Warren Buffett's technique for getting people to focus on their most important goals was simple.

企業家巴菲特有一項能讓人們專注在重要目標的簡單技巧。

Write down in order the top 20 things you want to do in life, and then draw a line under number five.

依順序寫下你人生中最想做的 20 件事，接著在第 5 項下方劃一條線。

Until you've done those first five, forget everything else.

在你完成最上方的五件事前，忘記其他事情吧！

For a more structured approach, organize your priorities by making a pyramid of goals, designed by psychologist professor Angela Duckworth.

更有條理的方式是，製作由心理學家 Angela Duckworth 教授設計出的目標金字塔，整理你的優先事項。

Find the big thing that we could call your life's purpose, like inspiring others, or helping people in society.

找出可以稱作你人生目標的大事，例如啟發他人或是幫助社會上的人。

Put that at the top.

將那件大事放在最上方。

On the next level, you'll have mid-level goals like passing an exam.

下一階段你會有中階的目標，例如：通過考試。

The goals below it should all feed into your top-level one.

所有的下層目標都需要反饋至上層。

They'll be smaller, more practical things—perhaps writing an email, or doing some research.

下層目標會是比較小且實際的事——也許是寫封郵件或是做些研究。

If they don't help with achieving your top goal, then get rid of them.

如果這些事無法幫助你達到終極目標，那就捨棄它們吧！

You could make a similar pyramid with a more specific task at the top—like that big presentation.

你可以製造一個相似的金字塔，在頂端放置一項特定任務，如：重要的報告。

Remember all the other to-dos should feed in.

記住所有其他的代辦事項必須反饋至終極目標。

[Make your breaks smarter.]

[聰明地休息]

Let's get back to the big presentation.

我們回到重要的報告這項任務。

It'll take a few hours to get it done properly, but in order to keep those stress levels at bay, try the Pomodoro technique named after a tomato-shaped kitchen timer.

我會花好幾個小時將報告好好地完成，但為了防止壓力破表，試試看蕃茄工作法，這是個以番茄形狀的廚房計時器命名的方法。

Time-management guru Francesco Cirillo says that for every 25 minutes of intense concentration, you should take five off to do nothing at all.

時間管理大師 Francesco Cirillo 表示，每花 25 分鐘極度專注後，你應該休息 5 分鐘，什麼事都不做。

The theory?

是什麼理論呢？

Tackling a big task in focused chunks with regular breaks gives the brain time to recover and keeps your productivity high.

將重要的任務區分為不同部分，並專注在各個區塊上，規律的休息讓大腦有時間恢復並讓你維持高生產力。

In the five-minute breaks, don't jump on your phone!

休息五分鐘，不要看手機！

Move around, stare out of a window.

起身走動，看看窗外。

A recent study showed that regular five-minute walk breaks improve people's mood, and even make them feel less tired and hungry at work.

最近的研究顯示，規律的五分鐘休息時間會改善人的心情，甚至使他們在工作時，感到不那麼疲憊和飢餓。

And finally, if you really need to concentrate, find some pictures of kittens and puppies first.

最後，如果你需要專注集中，先去找些貓咪和小狗的照片吧！

That's right.

沒錯。

Research in Japan suggests that looking at cute baby animals brings out the natural caregiver in us, and improves our ability to focus on the details.

日本的研究建議，注視可愛的動物寶寶會帶出我們本能地照顧反應，並會提高專注於細節的能力。

Turns out productivity can be cute, too.

結果顯示，生產力也可以很可愛。

Thanks for watching.

感謝你的觀看。

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記得訂閱並開啟小鈴鐺接收最新的影片消息。

See you again soon!

下次見！